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TABLE OF CONTENT

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

ATOMIC STRUCTURE...........................................................................................................1

CHEMICAL BONDING...........................................................................................................2

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM....................................................................................................3

ACID BASE............................................................................................................................4

IONIC EQULIBRIUM..............................................................................................................5

CHEMICAL KINETICS...........................................................................................................6

OXIDATION-REDUCTION..................................................................................................... 7

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS..................................................................................................... 8

MOLE CONCEPT................................................................................................................... 9

CHEMICAL ENERGETICS.................................................................................................... 9 - 10

ELECTRO CHEMISTRY........................................................................................................ 11

SOLUTION AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES...................................................................11 - 12

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY........................................................................................................ 12

GASEOUS STATE................................................................................................................. 13

SOLID AND LIQUID STATE.................................................................................................. 14

SURFACE CHEMISTRY & COLLOIDAL STATE.................................................................. 15

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

PERIODIC TABLE................................................................................................................. 16

EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY............................................................................................... 17

s- BLOCK ELEMENTS..........................................................................................................17

BORON FAMILY.....................................................................................................................18

CARBON FAMILY...................................................................................................................18

OXYGEN FAMILY...................................................................................................................19

HALOGEN FAMILY.................................................................................................................20 - 21

TRANSITION ELEMENTS (D-BLOCK ELEMENTS).............................................................21

COORDINATION COMPOUNDS............................................................................................21

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

GOC........................................................................................................................................22

ALKANES...............................................................................................................................23

ALKENES...............................................................................................................................23

ALKYNES...............................................................................................................................23

HALOGEN COMPOUNDS.....................................................................................................23

ALCOHOLS............................................................................................................................24

PHENOLS...............................................................................................................................24

ETHERS................................................................................................................................. 25

CARBONYL COMPOUNDS...................................................................................................25

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS............................................................................................................26

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS....................................................................................................26

CARBOHYHYDRATES, AMINO ACIDS AND POLYMERS...................................................26

CHARACTERISTIC REACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS....................27

IMPORTANT REAGENT.........................................................................................................28 -29

MAIN USE OF COMPOUNDS............................................................................................... 29

SMELL OF SOME COMPOUNDS......................................................................................... 29

IDENTIFICATION TESTS....................................................................................................... 30

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1

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRYATOMIC STRUCTURE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. Total no. of spectrum lines=

6. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

7. Moseley's law :

8. Nodes (n -1) = total nodes, l= angular nodes, (n l 1) = Radial nodes

9. Photoelectric effect:

10. Orbital angular momentum:

2 2 22

12 20.529 ,

4n n

n h nr A r n r

mZe Zp

= = =

2

213.6

2T

PE ZE KE eV

n= = = -

2 4

2 2 2

1 2

2 1 1hc meE

h n n

p

l

D = = -

2 7 1

2 2

1 2

1 1 1, 1.0968 10v RZ R m

n nl

-

= = - =

( 1)

2

n n -

( )( ) / 4x p h pD D

2

13.7( ), /

nv a Z b E eV atom

n= - = -

2

0

1

2hv hv mv= +

( 1)

2

hl l

p+

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2

CHEMICAL BONDING

1.

2. Fajan's Factors: following factors are helpful in including covalent

character in ionic compounds

(a) Small cation

(b) Big anion

(c ) High charge on cation

(d) High charge on anion

(e) Cation having pseudo inert gas configuration 2 6 10 + 2+ 2+

(ns p d ) e.g. Cu+, Ag , Zn , Cd

3.

4. M.O. theory:

(a)

(b) Higher the bond order, higher is the bond dissociation energy, greater

is the stability, and shorter is the bond length.

(c ) Species Bond order Magnetic properties

H 1 Diamagnetic2+

H 0.5 Paramagnetic2

Li 1 Diamagnetic2

5.

6.

7. VSEPR theory

(a) (LP LP) repulsion > (LP BP) > (BP BP)0

(b) For NH Bond Angle 106 45' because H O molecule contains 2LP 3 2

and 2BP where as NH has ILP and 3BP.3

8. Bond angle:

Decrease in bond angle down the gp is due to LP BP repulsion

(a)NH > PH > AsH3 3 3

(b)H O > H S > H Se2 2 2

Actual dipole moment% ionic character 100

Calculated dipole moment =

1

2f S d EG L

H H H IE H E-D = + + +D -

( )

1Bond order

2b a

N N= -

[ ]

1( )

2Q V SA q= + -

1Former charge = V-

2L S

+

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3

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

1.

2.

(a) If

(b) If ve then equilibrium will displace in backward direction.

(C) If ve then equilibrium will displace in forward direction.

3. (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) If in any heterogeneous equilibrium solid substance is also

present then its active mass & partial pressure is assumed 1.

4. Le chatelier's principle

(i) Increase of reactant conc. (Shift forward)

(ii) Decrease of reactant conc. (Shift backward)

(iii) Increase of pressure (from more moles to less moles)

(iv) Decrease of pressure (from less moles to more moles)

(v) For exothermic reaction decrease in temp. (Shift forward)

(vi) For endothermic increase in temp. (Shift forward)

then reversible reaction would be equilibrium.

Free Energy change(GD

GD=0

GD=(+)

GD=(-)

cTime Total

)

?( g p R

) where n =n -ngn

p cK K RT= D

nc

K unit (moles/li)D

nK unit (atm)p

D

Total molecule at equlibrium =[total initial moles + ]nD

c

Time required to establish equlibrium 1 / ka

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4

ACID BASE

1.(a).

(b).

2. Dissociation of Weak Acid & Weak Base

(a).

(b).

3. Buffer solution:

(a)

(b)

(c )

4.

-2 3 3 2 3 3 4 6

Lewis Acid (e pair acceptor) CO , BF , Alcl , Zncl , Fecl , PCl ,S