Chemistry Edexcel Unit 1 Summary AS

8/11/2019 Chemistry Edexcel Unit 1 Summary AS

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UNIT F321: ATOMS, BONDS AND GROUPS

REVISION CHECKLIST

Read each !"#$ "# $he %ec"&"ca$"!# c'ea(') a#d a#%*e( a'' $he (e'a$ed +e%$"!#%-

I& )! ca# a#%*e( a'' !& $he%e +e%$"!#%, )! *"'' d! *e''.


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1-1 M!d'e 1: A$!/% a#d Reac$"!#%

1-1-1 A$!/%

Ca#d"da$e% %h!'d 0e a0'e $!:

A$!/"c %$(c$(e

a de%c("0e (!$!#%, #e$(!#% a#d e'ec$(!#% "# $e(/% !& (e'a$"e cha(4e a#d (e'a$"e /a%%5

particle relative mass relative charge

proton

neutron

electron

0 de%c("0e $he d"%$("0$"!# !& /a%% a#d cha(4e *"$h"# a# a$!/5

particle where found

proton

neutron

electron

The mass of an atom depends on the....................................................................

The mass of an atom is concentrated.....................................................................

The positively charged particles in an atom are found.............................................

The negatively charged particles in an atom are found............................................

Atoms are neutral because.......................................................................................

c de%c("0e $he c!#$("0$"!# !& (!$!#% a#d #e$(!#% $! $he #c'e% !& a# a$!/, "# $e(/% !&

a$!/"c (!$!# #/0e( a#d /a%% #c'e!# #/0e(5

Atomic number = .......................................................................

Mass number = ..........................................................................


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d dedce $he #/0e(% !& (!$!#%, #e$(!#% a#d e'ec$(!#% "#:

" a# a$!/ 4"e# "$% a$!/"c a#d /a%% #/0e(,

"" a# "!# 4"e# "$% a$!/"c #/0e(, /a%% #/0e( a#d "!#"c cha(4e5

Example:

Species (i) !"r (ii) #$%u&'

number of protons

number of neutrons

number of electrons

(e) e6'a"# $he $e(/ isotopes a% a$!/% !& a# e'e/e#$ *"$h d"&&e(e#$ #/0e(% !& #e$(!#% a#d

d"&&e(e#$ /a%%e%5

(sotopes = ......................................................................................................................

Re'a$"e Ma%%e%

(f) %$a$e $ha$ 12C "% %ed a% $he %$a#da(d /ea%(e/e#$ !& (e'a$"e /a%%e%5

) atomic mass unit = ......................................................................................

(g) de&"#e $he $e(/% relative isotopic mass a#d relative atomic mass, 0a%ed !# $he 12C %ca'e5

relative isotopic mass = ..................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

relative atomic mass = ..................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

h ca'c'a$e $he (e'a$"e a$!/"c /a%% !& a# e'e/e#$ 4"e# $he (e'a$"e a0#da#ce% !& "$%

"%!$!e%5

eg A sample of titanium was found to contain three isotopes*!#

Ti*!+

Ti and!

Ti.

The results of the analysis are shown in the table below.

isotope !#Ti!+

Ti!

Ti

relative isotopic mass !#.,, !+.,, !.,,

percentage composition .- -. ).$

sing the information in the table* calculate the relative atomic mass of this

sample of titanium. /ive your answer to three significant figures.

(i) %e $he $e(/% relative molecular mass a#d relative formula mass a#d ca'c'a$e a'e%&(!/ (e'a$"e a$!/"c /a%%e%-


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relative molecular mass is used to describe ................................................................

relative formula mass is used to describe ....................................................................

eg %alculate the relative molecular mass of butane 0%!1),2

eg %alculate the relative formula mass of magnesium chloride 0Mg%l&2


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1-1-2 M!'e% a#d E+a$"!#%

Ca#d"da$e% %h!'d 0e a0'e $!:

The /!'e

a e6'a"# $he $e(/%:

" amount of substance,

"" mole %)/0!' 7/!'8, a% $he #"$ &!( a/!#$ !& %0%$a#ce,

""" $heAvogadro constant,NA, a% $he #/0e( !& a($"c'e% e( /!'e

9-2 ;123/!'


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Che/"ca' e+a$"!#%

e c!#%$(c$ 0a'a#ced che/"ca' e+a$"!#% &!( (eac$"!#% %$d"ed a#d &!( #&a/"'"a( (eac$"!#%

4"e# (eac$a#$% a#d (!dc$%5

eg 9rite a balanced euation to show the formation of 0;1!2&S


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4 dedce %$!"ch"!/e$("c (e'a$"!#%h"% &(!/ ca'c'a$"!#%5

Eg &3 cm$of a ,.) moldmB$solution of an acid 1xA reacts with +3 cm$of a ,.) moldmB$

solution of ;a


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1-1-3 Ac"d%

Ca#d"da$e% %h!'d 0e a0'e $!:

Ac"d% a#d 0a%e%

(a) e6'a"# $ha$ a# ac"d (e'ea%e% H>"!#% "# a+e!% %!'$"!#5

Acid = ........................................................................................

0 %$a$e $he &!(/'ae !& $he c!//!# ac"d%: h)d(!ch'!("c, %'&("c a#d #"$("c ac"d%5

hydrochloric acid = ......................

sulphuric acid = ...........................

nitric acid = ...................................

c %$a$e $ha$ c!//!# 0a%e% a(e /e$a' !6"de%, /e$a' h)d(!6"de% a#d a//!#"a5

ase = ....................................................................................................

calcium oxide = ..........................

calcium hydroxide = ....................

ammonia = ........................

(d) %$a$e $ha$ a# a'?a'" "% a %!'0'e 0a%e $ha$ (e'ea%e% OH "!# !& a# ac"d "% (e'aced 0) a /e$a' "!# !(

NH@>5

salt = .............................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................


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4 de%c("0e $he (eac$"!#% !& a# ac"d *"$h ca(0!#a$e%, 0a%e% a#d a'?a'"%, $! &!(/ a %a'$5

Eg 9rite symbol euations* with state symbols* and describe what you would see when:

calcium carbonate reacts with nitric acid

magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid

potassium hydroxide solution reacts with sulphuric acid

ammonia solution reacts with sulphuric acid

(h) e6'a"# $ha$ a 0a%e (ead"') acce$% H>"!#% &(!/ a# ac"d: e4 OH5

ionic euation for reaction between 1%l and ;athe formula of the Epsom salts.


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? e(&!(/ ac"d


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1-1-@ Red!6

Ca#d"da$e% %h!'d 0e a0'e $!:

O6"da$"!# #/0e(

a a') ('e% &!( a%%"4#"#4 !6"da$"!# #/0e( $! a$!/% "# e'e/e#$%, c!/!#d% a#d "!#%5

Eg 9hat is the oxidation number of %l in %l&

9hat are the oxidation numbers of 1 and < in 1&


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Red!6 (eac$"!#%

e e6'a"# $ha$:

" /e$a'% 4e#e(a'') &!(/ "!#% 0) '!%"#4 e'ec$(!#% *"$h a# "#c(ea%e "# !6"da$"!#

#/0e( $! &!(/ !%"$"e "!#%,

"" #!#/e$a'% 4e#e(a'') (eac$ 0) 4a"#"#4 e'ec$(!#% *"$h a dec(ea%e "# !6"da$"!#

#/0e( $! &!(/ #e4a$"e "!#%5

eg &Mg '


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1-2 M!d'e 2: E'ec$(!#%, B!#d"#4 a#d S$(c$(e

1-2-1 E'ec$(!# S$(c$(e

Ca#d"da$e% %h!'d 0e a0'e $!:

I!#"%a$"!# E#e(4"e%

(a) De&"#e $he $e(/%first ionisation energy a#d successive ionisation energy5

)stionisation energy = ...................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Euation =

&ndionisation energy = ...................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Euation =

$rdionisation energy = ...................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Euation =

0 E6'a"# $ha$ "!#"%a$"!# e#e(4"e% a(e "#&'e#ced 0) #c'ea( cha(4e, e'ec$(!# %h"e'd"#4 a#d

$he d"%$a#ce !& $he !$e(/!%$ e'ec$(!# &(!/ $he #c'e%5

As the nuclear charge increases the attraction between the outermost electron and the nucleus

will .................. and so the ionisation energy will ...........................

As the shielding increases the attraction between the outermost electron and the nucleus

will .................. and so the ionisation energy will ...........................

As the distance of the outermost electron from the nucleus increases the attraction between

the outermost electron and the nucleus will .................. and so the ionisation energy

will ...........................


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c (ed"c$ &(!/ %cce%%"e "!#"%a$"!# e#e(4"e% !& a# e'e/e#$:

" $he #/0e( !& e'ec$(!#% "# each %he'' !& a# a$!/,

"" $he 4(! !& $he e'e/e#$5

A small increase in successive ionisation energy means that the next electron is being

removed.........................................................................

A large increase in successive ionisation energy means that the next electron is being

removed.........................................................................

eg The first eight ionisation energies of an atom are shown below. se the information in

the table to deduce the number of electrons in the outermost shell of this atom* and

hence the group in the Geriodic Table to which it belongs8

ionisation number )st &nd $rd !th 3th #th +th th

ionisation energy H CI mol@) ) $)! $ $ 3 $,) + !#- ), -- )$ $&+ +) $$+ ! ,,

E'ec$(!#%: e'ec$(!#"c e#e(4) 'ee'%, %he''%, %0%he''%, a$!/"c !(0"$a'%, e'ec$(!# c!#&"4(a$"!#

d %$a$e $he #/0e( !& e'ec$(!#% $ha$ ca# &"'' $he &"(%$ &!( %he''%5

shell number 0n2 number of electrons

)

&

$

!

e de%c("0e a# !(0"$a' a% a (e4"!# $ha$ ca# h!'d $! $*! e'ec$(!#%, *"$h !!%"$e %"#%5

orbital = ...............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

& de%c("0e $he %hae% !& % a#d !(0"$a'%5

orbital type diagram

s

p


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4 %$a$e $he #/0e( !&:

" !(0"$a'% /a?"#4 %, a#d d%0%he''%,

"" e'ec$(!#% $ha$ !cc) %, a#d d%0%he''%5

subshell number of orbitals number of electrons total number of

electrons in shell

)s

&s

&p

$s

$p

$d

!s

!p

!d

!f + )!

(h) de%c("0e $he (e'a$"e e#e(4"e% !& %, a#d d!(0"$a'% &!( $he %he''% 1, 2, 3 a#d $he @% a#d

@ !(0"$a'%5

shell relative energy of orbitals 0lowest highest2

)

&

$

! 0s* p only2

first ! together

" dedce $he e'ec$(!# c!#&"4(a$"!#% !&:

" a$!/%, 4"e# $he a$!/"c #/0e(, $!Z 39,

"" "!#%, 4"e# $he a$!/"c #/0e( a#d "!#"c cha(4e, '"/"$ed $! % a#d 0'!c?% $!

Z 395

eg 4educe the electron configuration of the following atoms:

e ; ;a Al %l %a Ti e /a "r

eg 4educe the electron configuration of the following ions:

e&'


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1-2-2 B!#d"#4 a#d S$(c$(e

%andidates should be able to:

I!#"c 0!#d"#4

a de%c("0e $he $e(/ ionic bonding a% e'ec$(!%$a$"c a$$(ac$"!# 0e$*ee# !!%"$e') cha(4ed

"!#%5

ionic bonding = ...................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

0 c!#%$(c$ 7dot-and-cross8 d"a4(a/%, $! de%c("0e "!#"c 0!#d"#45

eg construct a dotBandBcross diagram to show the ionic bonding in ;a&

Chemistry Edexcel Unit 1 Summary AS

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