Chemistry , 6e (McMurry/Fay) Chapter 3 Formulas, Equations, and … · 2020. 11. 11. · Chemistry,...

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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chemistry, 6e (McMurry/Fay) Chapter 3 Formulas, Equations, and Moles

3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Chemical equations are balanced in order to obey the law of

A) definite proportions.

B) mass action.

C) mass conservation.

D) multiple proportions.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 3.1 Balancing Chemical Equations

2) Which one of the following statements about balanced equations is false?

In a balanced reaction

A) atoms must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

B) mass must be conserved.

C) molecules must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

D) net charge must be balanced on both sides of the reaction arrow.

Answer: C


3) Which one of the following statements about balanced equations is true? A reaction is balanced by

A) changing the charge on an ion.

B) changing the formula of the molecule.

C) multiplying by suitable coefficients.

D) rearranging atoms in a molecule.

Answer: C


4) What is the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen when the following equation is balanced using the

lowest whole-number coefficients

_____ C3H8O(l) + _____ O2(g) → _____ CO2(g) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 3

B) 5

C) 7

D) 9

Answer: D


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5) What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the lowest whole-

numbered coefficients?

_____ PH3(g) + _____ O2(g) → _____ P4O10(s) + _____ H2O(g)

A) 10

B) 12

C) 19

D) 22

Answer: C


6) What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the lowest whole-

numbered coefficients?

_____ B2O3(s) + _____ HF(l) → _____ BF3(g) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 8

B) 11

C) 15

D) none of these

Answer: D


7) Aluminum metal reacts with iron(II) sulfide to form aluminum sulfide and iron metal. What is the

stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest whole-

number stoichiometric coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

Answer: B


8) Calcium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the

stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest

whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) none of these

Answer: C


9) Given the chemical equation: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3. On a molecular level, what do the coefficients

mean?

A) 1 atom of nitrogen reacts with 3 atoms of hydrogen to give 2 atoms of ammonia.

B) 28 g of nitrogen reacts with 6 grams of hydrogen to give 34 grams of ammonia.

C) 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 2 moles of ammonia.

D) 1 molecule of nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of hydrogen to give 2 molecules of ammonia.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 3.2 Chemical Symbols on Different Levels

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10) Given the chemical equation: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3. On a macroscopic level, what do the

coefficients mean?

A) 1 atom of nitrogen reacts with 3 atoms of hydrogen to give 2 atoms of ammonia.

B) 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 2 moles of ammonia.

C) 1 molecule of nitrogen reacts with 3 molecules of hydrogen to give 2 molecules of ammonia.

D) All of these are true.

Answer: B


11) Which conducts electricity?

A) A large collection of iron atoms

B) A single iron atom

C) Both a large collection of iron atoms and a single iron atom

D) Neither a large collection of iron atoms nor a single iron atom

Answer: A


12) 1.00 mole of O2 contains the same number of molecules as

A) 0.667 mole of O3.

B) 1.00 mole of CH3CO2H.

C) 2.00 mole of CH3CH2OH.

D) All of these

Answer: B

Topic: Section 3.3 Chemical Arithmetic: Stoichiometry

13) 1.00 mole of O2 contains the same number of oxygen atoms as

A) 0.667 mole of O3.

B) 1.00 mole of CH3CO2H.

C) 2.00 mole of CH3CH2OH.

D) All of the above

Answer: D


14) Which represents one formula unit?

A) One H

B) One H2

C) One NaH

D) All of these

Answer: D


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15) Which is a formula mass?

A) 1.0 amu of H

B) 2.0 amu of H2

C) 24.0 amu of NaH

D) All of these

Answer: D


16) Which contains Avogadro’s number of formula units?

A) 36.5 g of Cl

B) 36.5 g of Cl2

C) 36.5 g of HCl

D) All of these

Answer: C


17) What is the molar mass of aspartic acid, C4O4H7N?

A) 43 g/mol

B) 70 g/mol

C) 133 g/mol

D) 197 g/mol

Answer: C


18) What is the molar mass of Co(NO3)2?

A) 90 g/mol

B) 121 g/mol

C) 152 g/mol

D) 183 g/mol

Answer: D


19) What is the molar mass of calcium permanganate?

A) 159 g/mol

B) 199 g/mol

C) 216 g/mol

D) 278 g/mol

Answer: D


20) What is the molar mass of hydrogen gas?

A) 1.00 g/mol

B) 2.00 g/mol

C) 6.02 × 1023 g/mol

D) 1.20 × 1023 g/mol

Answer: B


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21) What is the mass of a single chlorine molecule, Cl2?

A) 5.887 × 10-23 g

B) 1.177 × 10-22 g

C) 35.45 g

D) 70.90 g

Answer: B


22) What is the mass of 0.500 mol of dichlorodifluoromethane, CF2Cl2?

A) 4.14 × 10-3 g

B) 60.5 g

C) 121 g

D) 242 g

Answer: B


23) How many moles are in 1.50 g of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?

A) 0.0145 mol

B) 0.0326 mol

C) 30.7 mol

D) 69.0 mol

Answer: B


24) How many iron(II) ions, Fe2+ are there in 5.00 g of FeSO4?

A) 5.46 × 10-26 iron (II) ions

B) 1.98 × 1022 iron (II) ions

C) 1.83 × 1025 iron (II) ions

D) 4.58 × 1026 iron (II) ions

Answer: B


25) What is the mass of 8.50 × 1022 molecules of NH3?

A) 0.00830 g

B) 0.417 g

C) 2.40 g

D) 120 g

Answer: C


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26) How many oxygen atoms are in 3.00 g of sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7?

A) 0.0801 oxygen atoms

B) 9.85 × 1020 oxygen atoms

C) 6.90 × 1021 oxygen atoms

D) 4.83 × 1022 oxygen atoms

Answer: D


27) What is the identity of substance X if 0.380 mol of X weighs 17.5 g?

A) NO2

B) NO3

C) N2O

D) N2O4

Answer: A


28) What is the molar mass of butane if 5.19 × 1016 molecules of butane weigh 5.00 μg?

A) 58.0 g/mol

B) 172 g/mol

C) 232 g/mol

D) 431 g/mol

Answer: A


29) What mass of dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of

trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F?

A) 0.106 g

B) 0.961 g

C) 1.04 g

D) 9.37 g

Answer: B


30) What mass of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, has the same number of fluorine atoms as 25.0 g of oxygen

difluoride, OF2?

A) 0.901 g

B) 8.33 g

C) 22.5 g

D) 203 g

Answer: C


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31) How many chloride ions are in 1.50 mol of aluminum chloride?

A) 3.00 chloride ions

B) 4.50 chloride ions

C) 9.03 × 1023 chloride ions

D) 2.71 × 1024 chloride ions

Answer: D


32) How many anions are in 0.500 g of MgBr2?

A) 1.64 × 1021 anions

B) 3.27 × 1021 anions

C) 2.22 × 1026 anions

D) 4.43 × 1026 anions

Answer: B


33) How many cations are in 10.0 g of sodium phosphate?

A) 3.67 × 1022 cations

B) 1.10 × 1023 cations

C) 9.87 × 1024 cations

D) 2.96 × 1025 cations

Answer: B


34) Which of the following has the greatest mass?

A) 6.0 × 1023 atoms of O

B) 3.0 × 1023 molecules of O2

C) 2.0 × 1023 molecules of O3

D) All have the same mass.

Answer: D



A) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of O2

B) 16.0 g of O2

C) 0.500 mol of O2

D) All of these have the same mass.

Answer: A


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36) Which of the following has the smallest mass?

A) 3.50 × 1023 molecules of I2

B) 85.0 g of Cl2

C) 2.50 mol of F2

D) 0.050 kg of Br2

Answer: D


37) How many moles of CuO can be produced from 0.450 mol of Cu2O in the following reaction?

2 Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 4 CuO(s)

A) 0.225 mol

B) 0.450 mol

C) 0.900 mol

D) 1.80 mol

Answer: C


38) How many moles of BCl3 are needed to produce 25.0 g of HCl(aq) in the following reaction?

BCl3(g) + 3 H2O(l) → 3 HCl(aq) + B(OH)3(aq)

A) 0.229 mol

B) 0.686 mol

C) 2.06 mol

D) 4.38 mol

Answer: A


39) How many grams of calcium chloride are needed to produce 10.0 g of potassium chloride?

CaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → 2 KCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)

A) 0.134 g

B) 7.44 g

C) 14.9 g

D) 29.8 g

Answer: B


40) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of moles of iodine that reacts

with 10.0 g of aluminum.

_____ Al(s) + _____ I2(s) → _____ Al2I6(s)

A) 0.247 mol

B) 0.556 mol

C) 0.741 mol

D) 1.11 mol

Answer: B


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41) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of grams of MgO needed to

produce 15.0 g of Fe2O3.

_____ MgO(s) + _____ Fe(s) → _____ Fe2O3(s) + _____ Mg(s)

A) 0.0877 g

B) 1.26 g

C) 3.78 g

D) 11.4 g

Answer: D


42) Dinitrogen monoxide gas decomposes to form nitrogen gas and oxygen gas. How many grams of

oxygen are formed when 5.00 g of dinitrogen monoxide decomposes?

A) 0.550 g

B) 1.82 g

C) 3.64 g

D) 7.27 g

Answer: B


43) The density of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 0.789 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol are needed to

produce 10.0 g of CO2 according to the following chemical equation?

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l)

A) 4.12 mL

B) 6.63 mL

C) 13.2 mL

D) 26.5 mL

Answer: B


44) When 10.0 g of calcium metal is reacted with water, 5.00 g of calcium hydroxide is produced. Using

the following balanced equation, calculate the percent yield for the reaction?

Ca(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

A) 13.5%

B) 27.1%

C) 50.0%

D) 92.4%

Answer: B

Topic: Section 3.4 Yields of Chemical Reactions

45) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 65.0%, how many grams of KClO3 are needed to

produce 42.0 g of O2?

2 KClO3(s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)

A) 69.7 g

B) 107 g

C) 165 g

D) 371 g

Answer: C


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46) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 75.0%, and 45.0 g of NO2 are consumed in the

reaction, how many grams of nitric acid, HNO3(aq), are produced?

3 NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

A) 30.8 g

B) 41.1 g

C) 54.8 g

D) 69.3 g

Answer: A


47) In the reaction between glucose and oxygen, 10.0 g of glucose reacts and 7.50 L of carbon dioxide is

formed. What is the percent yield if the density of CO2 is 1.26 g/L?

C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) → 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

A) 26.1%

B) 40.6%

C) 43.1%

D) 64.5%

Answer: D


48) When methane, CH4, undergoes combustion with oxygen, the usual products are carbon dioxide and

water. Carbon monoxide is formed when the limiting reactant is

A) carbon dioxide.

B) methane.

C) oxygen.

D) water.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 3.5 Reactions with Limiting Amounts of Reactants

49) 10 g of nitrogen is reacted with 5.0 g of hydrogen to produce ammonia according to the chemical

equation shown below. Which one of the following statements is false?

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

A) 2.8 grams of hydrogen are left over.

B) Hydrogen is the excess reactant.

C) Nitrogen is the limiting reactant.

D) The theoretical yield of ammonia is 15 g.

Answer: D


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50) 5.0 g of iron is reacted with 5.0 g of water according to the chemical equation shown below. Which

one of the following statements is false?

3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(l) → Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g)

A) 6.91 g of Fe3O4 are produced.

B) 2.85 g of H2O are left over.

C) Mass is conserved in this reaction.

D) Water is the limiting reactant.

Answer: D


51) Which substance is the limiting reactant when 2.0 g of sulfur reacts with 3.0 g of oxygen and 4.0 g

of sodium hydroxide according to the following chemical equation:

2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) + 4 NaOH(aq) → 2 Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

A) S(s)

B) O2(g)

C) NaOH (aq)

D) None of these substances is the limiting reactant.

Answer: C


52) When 5.00 × 1022 molecules of ammonia react with 4.00 × 1022 molecules of oxygen according to

the chemical equation shown below, how many grams of nitrogen gas are produced?

4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)

A) 1.16 g

B) 1.24 g

C) 2.79 g

D) 4.65 g

Answer: A


53) How many grams of the excess reagent are left over when 6.00 g of CS2 gas react with 10.0 g of Cl2

gas in the following reaction:

CS2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) → CCl4(l) + S2Cl2(l)

A) 2.42 g

B) 2.77 g

C) 3.58 g

D) 4.00 g

Answer: A


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54) When silver nitrate reacts with barium chloride, silver chloride and barium nitrate are formed. How

many grams of silver chloride are formed when 10.0 g of silver nitrate reacts with 15.0 g of barium

chloride?

A) 8.44 g

B) 9.40 g

C) 11.9 g

D) 18.8 g

Answer: A


55) When iron(III) oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and water are formed. How

many grams of iron(III) chloride are formed from 10.0 g of iron(III) oxide and 10.0 g of hydrochloric

acid?

A) 11.1 g

B) 14.8 g

C) 20.3 g

D) 35.1 g

Answer: B


56) Balance the chemical equation given below, and calculate the volume of nitrogen monoxide gas

produced when 8.00 g of ammonia is reacted with 12.0 g of oxygen at 25°C? The density of nitrogen

monoxide at 25°C is 1.23 g/L.

_____ NH3(g) + _____ O2(g) → _____ NO(g) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 7.32 L

B) 11.1 L

C) 11.5 L

D) 18.8 L

Answer: A


57) Molarity is defined as

A) moles of solute per liter of solution.

B) moles of solute per liter of solvent.

C) moles of solvent per liter of solution.

D) moles of solvent per liter of solvent.

Answer: A

Topic: Section 3.6 Concentrations of Reactants in Solution: Molarity

58) What is the concentration of FeCl3 in a solution prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of FeCl3 in enough

water to make 275 mL of solution?

A) 2.24 × 10-4 M

B) 0.224 M

C) 4.46 M

D) 4.46 × 103 M

Answer: B


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59) How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to make 250. mL of a solution that is 0.135 M?

A) 0.0917 g

B) 0.174 g

C) 5.73 g

D) 9.17 g

Answer: C


60) What volume of a 0.540 M NaOH solution contains 15.5 g of NaOH?

A) 0.209 L

B) 0.718 L

C) 1.39 L

D) 4.78 L

Answer: B


61) What is the concentration of NO3- ions in a solution prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of Ca(NO3)2 in

enough water to produce 300. mL of solution?

A) 0.152 M

B) 0.305 M

C) 0.403 M

D) 0.609 M

Answer: D


62) If the reaction of phosphate ion with water is ignored, what is the total concentration of ions in a

solution prepared by dissolving 3.00 g of K3PO4 in enough water to make 350. mL of solution?

A) 0.0101 M

B) 0.0404 M

C) 0.162 M

D) 0.323 M

Answer: B


63) What is the concentration of an AlCl3 solution if 150. mL of the solution contains 250. mg of Cl-

ion?

A) 1.57 × 10-2 M

B) 3.75 × 10-2 M

C) 4.70 × 10-2 M

D) 1.41 × 10-1 M

Answer: A


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64) Which contains the greatest number of chloride ions?

A) 25 mL of 2.0 M NaCl

B) 50 mL of 1.0 M CaCl2

C) 10 mL of 2.5 M FeCl3

D) All contain the same number of chloride ions.

Answer: B


65) When a 1.0 M solution of NaCl at 25°C is heated to 55°C, the

A) density decreases and the molarity decreases.

B) density decreases and the molarity increases.

C) density increases and the molarity decreases.

D) density increases and the molarity increases.

Answer: A


66) Which statement about diluted solutions is false? When a solution is diluted

A) the concentration of the solution decreases.

B) the molarity of the solution decreases.

C) the number of moles of solute remains unchanged.

D) the number of moles of solvent remains unchanged.

Answer: D

Topic: Section 3.7 Diluting Concentrated Solutions

67) What is the concentration of HCl in the final solution when 65 mL of a 12 M HCl solution is diluted

with pure water to a total volume of 0.15 L?

A) 2.8 × 10-2 M

B) 5.2 M

C) 28 M

D) 5.2 × 103 M

Answer: B


68) How many milliliters of a 9.0 M H2SO4 solution are needed to make 0.25 L of a 3.5 M H2SO4

solution?

A) 0.097 mL

B) 0.64 mL

C) 97 mL

D) 640 mL

Answer: C


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69) How many mL of a 0.175 M FeCl3 solution are needed to make 250. mL of a solution that is

0.300 M in Cl- ion?

A) 0.429 mL

B) 143 mL

C) 429 mL

D) It is not possible to make a more concentrated solution from a less concentrated solution.

Answer: B


70) A student dissolved 3.00 g of Co(NO3)2 in enough water to make 100. mL of stock solution. He

took 4.00 mL of the solution then diluted it with water to give 275 mL of a final solution. How many

grams of NO3- ion are there in the final solution?

A) 0.0148 g

B) 0.0296 g

C) 0.0407 g

D) 0.0813 g

Answer: D


71) A student prepared a stock solution by dissolving 20.0 g of KOH in enough water to make 150. mL

of solution. She then took 15.0 mL of the stock solution and diluted it with enough water to make 65.0

mL of a final solution. What is the concentration of KOH for the final solution?

A) 0.548 M

B) 0.713 M

C) 1.40 M

D) 1.82 M

Answer: A


72) How many milliliters of 0.260 M Na2S are needed to react with 25.00 mL of 0.315 M AgNO3?

Na2S(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → 2 NaNO3(aq) + Ag2S(s)

A) 15.1 mL

B) 30.3 mL

C) 41.3 mL

D) 60.6 mL

Answer: A

Topic: Section 3.8 Solution Stoichiometry

73) How many grams of CaCl2 are formed when 35.00 mL of 0.00237 M Ca(OH)2 reacts with excess

Cl2 gas?

2 Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 Cl2(g) → Ca(OCl)2(aq) + CaCl2(s) + 2 H2O(l)

A) 0.00460 g

B) 0.00921 g

C) 0.0184 g

D) 0.0217 g

Answer: A


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74) When 125 mL of 0.500 M AgNO3 is added to 100. mL of 0.300 M NH4Cl, how many grams of

AgCl are formed?

AgNO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NH4NO3(aq)

A) 4.30 g

B) 8.96 g

C) 13.3 g

D) 25.8 g

Answer: A


75) How many milliliters of 0.200 M FeCl3 are needed to react with an excess of Na2S to produce 2.75

g of Fe2S3 if the percent yield for the reaction is 65.0%?

3 Na2S(aq) + 2 FeCl3(aq) → Fe2S3(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)

A) 50.9 mL

B) 86.0 mL

C) 102 mL

D) 203 mL

Answer: D


76) If 100. mL of 0.100 M Na2SO4 is added to 200. mL of 0.150 M NaCl, what is the concentration of

Na+ ions in the final solution? Assume that the volumes are additive.

A) 0.133 M

B) 0.167 M

C) 0.250 M

D) 0.350 M

Answer: B


77) How many milliliters of 0.550 M hydriodic acid are needed to react with 25.00 mL of 0.217 M

CsOH?

HI(aq) + CsOH(aq) → CsI(aq) + H2O(l)

A) 0.0158 mL

B) 0.101 mL

C) 9.86 mL

D) 63.4 mL

Answer: C

Topic: Section 3.9 Titration

78) In an acid-base neutralization reaction 23.74 mL of 0.500 M potassium hydroxide reacts with 50.00

mL of sulfuric acid solution. What is the concentration of the H2SO4 solution?

A) 0.119 M

B) 0.237 M

C) 0.475 M

D) 2.11 M

Answer: A


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79) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of milliliters of 0.0300 M

phosphoric acid required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.0150 M calcium hydroxide.

_____ Ca(OH)2(aq) + _____ H3PO4(aq) → _____ Ca3(PO4)2(s) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 1.69 mL

B) 8.33 mL

C) 12.5 mL

D) 18.8 mL

Answer: B


80) When 200. mL of ç M hydrochloric acid is added to 125 mL of 1.75 × 10-4 M Mg(OH)2, the

resulting solution will be

A) acidic.

B) basic.

C) neutral.

D) It is impossible to tell from the information given.

Answer: B


81) Which one of the following compounds contains the smallest percent oxygen by mass?

A) CO2

B) N2O4

C) P4O10

D) SO2

Answer: D

Topic: Section 3.10 Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas

82) Which one of the following contains 35% carbon by mass?

A) C2H2

B) CH4

C) CH3F

D) CO2

Answer: C


83) Which of the following statements is false concerning the formula of a compound?

A) The empirical formula is the simplest whole numbered ratio of atoms in a compound.

B) The molecular formula is the true ratio of atoms in a compound.

C) The molecular formula and empirical formula can be identical.

D) The number of atoms in a molecular formula is always greater than the number of atoms in an

empirical formula.

Answer: D


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84) What is the empirical formula for ethyl fluoride if the compound contains 49.97% carbon, 10.51%

hydrogen, and 39.52% fluorine by mass?

A) C2H5F

B) C4H10F2

C) C4H10F4

D) C25F2

Answer: A


85) What is the empirical formula for perfluoropropane if the compound contains 81% fluorine and 19%

carbon by mass?

A) CF3

B) C2F8

C) C3F8

D) C19F81

Answer: C


86) What is the empirical formula of a substance that contains 2.64 g of C, 0.444 g of H, and 3.52 g of

O?

A) CH2O

B) C2H4O2

C) C2H4O3

D) C3H4O4

Answer: A


87) Which one of the following is not an empirical formula?

A) CHO

B) CH2O

C) C2H4O

D) C2H4O2

Answer: D


88) Which one of the following is an empirical formula?

A) C2F6

B) H2SO4

C) N2H4

D) P4O10

Answer: B


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89) A compound responsible for the odor of garlic has a molecular weight of 146 g/mol. A 0.650 g

sample of the compound contains 0.321 g of carbon, 0.044 g of hydrogen, and 0.285 g of sulfur. What is

the molecular formula of the compound?

A) CH5S

B) C3H5S

C) C3H15S3

D) C6H10S2

Answer: D


90) Which statement about elemental analysis by combustion is not correct?

A) Carbon is determined from the amount of CO2 formed.

B) Hydrogen is determined from the amount of H2O formed.

C) Oxygen is determined from the amount of H2O formed.

D) Only carbon and hydrogen can be determined directly from CO2 and H2O.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 3.11 Determining Empirical Formulas: Elemental Analysis

91) In the combustion analysis of an unknown compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen, the grams of oxygen are found from the grams of

A) CO2 only.

B) H2O only.

C) CO2 and H2O only.

D) CO2, H2O and unknown compound.

Answer: D


92) Combustion analysis of an unknown compound containing only carbon and hydrogen produced

4.554 g of CO2 and 2.322 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

A) CH2

B) C2H5

C) C4H10

D) C5H2

Answer: B


93) Combustion analysis of 2.400 g of an unknown compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

produced 4.171 g of CO2 and 2.268 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

A) C2H5O

B) C2H5O2

C) C2H10O3

D) C3H8O2

Answer: D


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94) Combustion analysis of a 0.675 g sample of an unknown compound that contains only carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen gives 0.627 g of CO2 and 1.534 g of H2O. The molecular mass of the unknown is

A) C3H6O.

B) C6H12O2.

C) C9H18O3.

D) unable to be determined from this data.

Answer: D


95) Isoeugenol is the compound which gives the characteristic odor to nutmeg and contains carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen. If a 0.500 g sample of isoeugenol is combusted it gives 1.341 g of CO2 and

0.329 g of H2O. Isoeugenol has a molecular weight of 164 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of

isoeugenol?

A) C2HO

B) C5H6O

C) C8H4O4

D) C10H12O2

Answer: D


96) Molecular mass can be determined by

A) combustion analysis.

B) mass spectrometry.

C) titration.

D) weighing with an analytical balance.

Answer: B

Topic: Section 3.12 Determining Molecular Masses: Mass Spectrometry

97) Which of the following statements about mass spectrometry is false?

A) Mass spectrometry can be used to determine the molecular weight of a compound.

B) The curvature of the path in a magnetic field is determined by the mass of the ion.

C) The paths of heavier ions are deflected more strongly than the paths of lighter ions.

D) The sample is changed into positively charged ions.

Answer: C

Topic: Section 3.12 Determining Molecular Masses: Mass Spectrometry

21


98) Acetone has the formula C3H6O. Which ball and stick model shown above represents acetone?

[gray spheres = C, black spheres = O, unshaded spheres = H]

A) model a)

B) model b)

C) model c)

D) model d)

Answer: C

Topic: Conceptual Problems

99) Diethyl ether has the molecular formula C4H10O. Which ball and stick model shown above

represents diethyl ether? [gray spheres = C, black spheres = O, unshaded spheres = H]

A) model a)

B) model b)

C) model c)

D) model d)

Answer: D


100) Ethanol has the molecular formula C2H6O. Which ball and stick model shown above represents

ethanol? [gray spheres = C, black spheres = O, unshaded spheres = H]

A) model a)

B) model b)

C) model c)

D) model d)

Answer: A


101) 2-Propanol has the molecular formula C3H8O. Which ball and stick model shown above represents

2-propanol? [gray spheres = C, black spheres = O, unshaded spheres = H]

A) model a)

B) model b)

C) model c)

D) model d)

Answer: B


22


102) If unshaded spheres represent nitrogen atoms and shaded spheres represent oxygen atoms, which

box represents reactants and which represents products for the reaction 2 NO2(g) → 2 NO(g) + O2 (g)?

A) box (a) reactants and box (b) products

B) box (a) reactants and box (d) products

C) box (c) reactants and box (b) products

D) box (c) reactants and box (d) products

Answer: D


103) If unshaded spheres represent nitrogen atoms and shaded spheres represent oxygen atoms, which

box represents reactants and which represents products for the reaction 2 N2O (g) → 2 N2(g) + O2(g)?

A) box (a) reactants and box (c) products

B) box (a) reactants and box (d) products

C) box (b) reactants and box (c) products

D) box (b) reactants and box (d) products

Answer: B


23


104) What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of element A (unshaded spheres) with

element B (shaded spheres) as represented below?

A) A + B → AB

B) 4A + 2B → 4AB

C) A2 + B2 → A2B

D) 2A2 + B2 → 2A2B

Answer: D




A) A + B → AB

B) A + 3B → 3AB

C) A2 + B → AB

D) A2 + 2B → 2AB

Answer: D


24




A) A + B → AB

B) A + 3B → 2AB

C) A2 + B2 → AB3

D) A2 + 3B2 → 2AB3

Answer: D




A) A + B → AB

B) 2A + 3B → 2AB

C) A + B2 → AB3

D) 2A + 3B2 → 2AB3

Answer: D


25


108) Reaction of A (unshaded spheres) with B2 (shaded spheres) is shown schematically in the

following diagram. Which equation best describes the stoichiometry of the reaction?

A) A2 + 2 B → A2B2

B) 8 A + 4 B2 → 4 A2B2

C) 2 A + B2 → A2B2

D) 4 A + 4 B2 → 4 A2B2

Answer: C


109) Reaction of A (unshaded spheres) with B2 (shaded spheres) is shown schematically in the

following diagram. Which equation best describes the stoichiometry of the reaction?

A) 4 A + B2 → 8 A2B

B) 4 A + B2 → A4B2

C) 16 A + 4 B2 → 8 A2B

D) 16 A + 4 B2 → 4 A4B2

Answer: B


26


110) The following diagram represents the reaction of A2 (unshaded spheres) with B (shaded spheres).

What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction, and what is the limiting reactant?

A) A2 + 2B → 2AB; A2 is the limiting reactant.

B) A2 + 2B → 2AB; B is the limiting reactant.

C) 4A2 + 6B → 6AB; A2 is the limiting reactant.

D) 4A2 + 6B → 6AB; B is the limiting reactant.

Answer: B



What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction, and what is the limiting reactant?

A) 2A2 + B → A4B; A2 is the limiting reactant.

B) 2A2 + B → A4B; B is the limiting reactant.

C) 4A2 + 6B → 2A4B; A2 is the limiting reactant.

D) 4A2 + 6B → 2A4B; B is the limiting reactant.

Answer: A


112) The following diagrams represent the reaction of A2 (shaded spheres) with B2 (unshaded spheres).

Identify the limiting reactant and write a balanced equation for the reaction.

A) A2 is the limiting reactant; A + 4 B → AB4.

B) A2 is the limiting reactant; A2 + 4 B2 → 2 AB4.

C) B2 is the limiting reactant; A + 4 B → AB4.

D) B2 is the limiting reactant; A2 + 4 B2 → 2 AB4.

Answer: D


27



Identify the limiting reactant and write a balanced equation for the reaction.

A) A2 is the limiting reactant; A + 3 B → AB3.

B) A2 is the limiting reactant; A2 + 3 B2 → 2 AB3.

C) B2 is the limiting reactant; A + 3 B → AB3.

D) B2 is the limiting reactant; A2 + 3 B2 → 2 AB3.

Answer: D



How many moles of product can be produced from the reaction of 1.0 mol of A2 and 1.0 mol of B?

A) 0.5 mol of product

B) 1.0 mol of product

C) 3.0 mol of product

D) 6.0 mol of product

Answer: B


115) The following diagram represents the reaction of A2 (unshaded spheres) with B2 (shaded spheres).

How many moles of product can be produced from the reaction of 1.0 mol of A2 and 1.0 mol of B2?

A) 0.5 mol of product

B) 1.0 mol of product

C) 2.0 mol of product

D) 4.0 mol of product

Answer: A


28



How many moles of product can be made from 1.0 mol of A2 and 1.0 mol of B2?

A) 0.67 mol product

B) 1.0 mol product

C) 2.0 mol product

D) 3.0 mol product

Answer: A


Box (1) represents 1.0 mL of a solution of particles at a given concentration.

117) Which of the boxes (2)-(5) represents 1.0 mL of the solution that results after (1) has been diluted

by adding enough solvent to make 2.0 mL of solution?

A) box (2)

B) box (3)

C) box (4)

D) box (5)

Answer: B


29


118) Which of the boxes (2)-(5) represents 1.0 mL of the solution that results after (1) has been diluted

by adding enough solvent to make 5.0 mL of solution?

A) box (2)

B) box (3)

C) box (4)

D) box (5)

Answer: A


Assume that the unshaded spheres in the buret represent H+ ions, the shaded spheres in the flask

represent OH- ions, and you are carrying out a titration of the base with the acid.

119) If the volumes in the buret and the flask are identical and the concentration of the acid in the buret

is 0.250 M, what is the concentration of the base in the flask?

A) 0.167 M

B) 0.250 M

C) 0.375 M

D) 0.667 M

Answer: A


120) If the volumes in the buret and the flask are identical and the concentration of the acid in the buret

is 0.500 M, what is the concentration of the base in the flask?

A) 0.333 M

B) 0.500 M

C) 0.667 M

D) 0.750 M

Answer: A


30


121) Ascorbic acid, C6H806, can be represented by the molecular model shown below. If 1.00 mol of

ascorbic acid is submitted to combustion analysis, how many moles of CO2 and how many moles of

H2O would be formed?

A) 3.00 mol CO2 and 2.00 mol H2O

B) 6.00 mol CO2 and 4.00 mol H2O

C) 6.00 mol CO2 and 8.00 mol H2O

D) 12.0 mol CO2 and 10.0 mol H2O

Answer: B


122) Glucose, C6H1206, can be represented by the molecular model shown below. If 1.00 mol of

glucose is submitted to combustion analysis, how many moles of CO2 and how many moles of H2O

would be formed?

A) 1.00 mol CO2 and 2.00 mol H2O

B) 6.00 mol CO2 and 6.00 mol H2O

C) 6.00 mol CO2 and 12.0 mol H2O

D) 12.0 mol CO2 and 12.0 mol H2O

Answer: B


31


123) A hydrocarbon of unknown formula CxHy was submitted to combustion analysis with the

following results. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?

A) CH

B) C2H

C) C2H4

D) C4H4

Answer: A


124) A hydrocarbon of unknown formula CxHy was submitted to combustion analysis with the

following results. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?

A) C5H2

B) C5H4

C) C10H4

D) C10H8

Answer: B


32


3.2 Algorithmic Questions

1) What is the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen when the following equation is balanced using the

lowest whole-number coefficients?

_____ C2H6O (l) + _____ O2(g) → _____ CO2(g) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 9

B) 7

C) 5

D) 3

Answer: D


2) Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous iron( II) chloride to form aqueous aluminum chloride and

iron metal. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for aluminum when the chemical equation is balanced

using the lowest whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

Answer: B


3) Calcium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the

coefficient for sulfuric acid when the equation is balanced using the lowest whole-numbered

coefficients?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) none of these

Answer: C


4) What is the molar mass of fluorine gas?

A) 19.0 g/mol

B) 38.0 g/mol

C) 6.02 × 1023 g/mol

D) 1.20 × 1023 g/mol

Answer: B


5) What is the mass of a single fluorine molecule, F2?

A) 3.155 × 10- 23 g

B) 6.310 × 10- 23 g

C) 19.00 g

D) 38.00 g

Answer: B


33


6) What is the mass of 0.500 mol of dichlorodifluoro methane, C Cl2F2?

A) 4.14 × 10-3 g

B) 60.5 g

C) 121 g

D) 242 g

Answer: B


7) How many moles are there in 3.00 g of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?

A) 0. 00725 mol

B) 0. 0652 mol

C) 15.3 mol

D) 138 mol

Answer: B


8) How many Fe(II) ions are there in 20.0 g of FeSO4?

A) 2.19 × 10- 25 iron(II) ions

B) 7.92 × 1022 iron(II) ions

C) 4.57 × 1024 iron(II) ions

D) 1.82 × 1027 iron(II) ions

Answer: B


9) What is the mass of 8.50 x 1022 molecules of NH3?

A) 0.00 829 g

B) 0. 417 g

C) 2. 40 g

D) 121 g

Answer: C


10) How many oxygen atoms are there in 7.00 g of sodium dichromate, Na2Cr2O7?

A) 0. 187 oxygen atoms

B) 2.30 × 1021 oxygen atoms

C) 1.60 × 1022 oxygen atoms

D) 1.13 × 1023 oxygen atoms

Answer: D


11) How many chloride ions are there in 4.50 mol of aluminum chloride?

A) 3.00 chloride ions

B) 13.5 chloride ions

C) 2.71 × 1024 chloride ions

D) 8.13 × 1024 chloride ions

Answer: D


34


12) What is the molar mass of 1-butene if 5.38 × 1016 molecules of 1-butene weigh 5.00 μg?

A) 56.0 g/mol

B) 178 g/mol

C) 224 g/mol

D) 447 g/mol

Answer: A


13) What mass of carbon dioxide, C O2, contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of

trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F?

A) 0.106 g

B) 0.961 g

C) 1.04 g

D) 9.37 g

Answer: B


14) What mass of phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5, has the same number of fluorine atoms as 25.0 g of

oxygen difluoride, OF2?

A) 0.933 g

B) 10.0 g

C) 23.3 g

D) 146 g

Answer: C


15) How many anions are there in 2.50 g of MgBr2?

A) 8.18 × 1021 anions

B) 1.64 × 1022 anions

C) 4.43 × 1025 anions

D) 8.87 × 1025 anions

Answer: B


16) How many cations are there in 10.0 g of sodium phosphate?

A) 3.67 × 1022 cations

B) 1.10 × 1023 cations

C) 9.87 × 1024 cations

D) 2.96 × 1025 cations

Answer: B


35



A) 3.88 × 1022 molecules of O2

B) 1.00 g of O2

C) 0. 0312 mol of O2

D) All of these have the same mass.

Answer: A


18) Which of the following has the smallest mass?

A) 3.50 × 1023 molecules of I2

B) 85.0 g of Cl2

C) 2.50 mol of F2

D) 0. 050 kg of Br2

Answer: D


19) How many moles of CuO can be produced from 0.900 mol of Cu2O in the following reaction?

2 Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 4 CuO(s)

A) 0.450 mol

B) 0.900 mol

C) 1.80 mol

D) 3.60 mol

Answer: C


20) How many moles of BCl3 are needed to produce 10.0 g of HCl(aq) in the following reaction?

BCl3(g) + 3 H2O(l) → 3 HCl(aq) + B(OH)3(aq)

A) 0. 0914 mol

B) 0. 274 mol

C) 0.823 mol

D) 10.9 mol

Answer: A


21) How many grams of calcium chloride are needed to produce 1.50 g of potassium chloride?

CaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) → 2 KCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)

A) 0.896 g

B) 1.12 g

C) 2.23 g

D) 4.47 g

Answer: B


36


22) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of moles of iodine that reacts

with 30.0 g of aluminum.

_____ Al(s) + _____ I2(s) → _____ Al2I6(s)

A) 0.741 mol

B) 1.67 mol

C) 2.22 mol

D) 3.33 mol

Answer: B


23) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of grams of MgO are needed

to produce 10.0 g of Fe2O3.

_____ MgO(s) + _____ Fe(s) → _____ Fe2O3(s) + _____ Mg(s)

A) 0.312 g

B) 0.841 g

C) 2.52 g

D) 7.57 g

Answer: D


24) Dinitrogen monoxide gas decomposes to form nitrogen gas and oxygen gas. How many grams of

oxygen are formed when 10.0 g of dinitrogen monoxide decomposes?

A) 0. 275 g

B) 3.64 g

C) 7.27 g

D) 14.5 g

Answer: B


25) If the density of ethanol, C2H5OH, is 0.789 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol are needed to

produce 15.0 g of CO2 according to the following chemical equation?

C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l)

A) 6.19 mL

B) 9.95 mL

C) 19.9 mL

D) 39.8 mL

Answer: B


26) When 11.0 g of calcium metal is reacted with water, 5.00 g of calcium hydroxide is produced.

Using the following balanced equation, calculate the percent yield for the reaction?

Ca(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

A) 12.3%

B) 24.6%

C) 45.5%

D) 84.0%

Answer: B


37


27) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 65.0%, how many grams of KClO3 are needed to

produce 32.0 g of O2?

2 KClO3(s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2(g)

A) 53.1 g

B) 81.7 g

C) 126 g

D) 283 g

Answer: C


28) If the percent yield for the following reaction is 75.0%, and 45.0 g of NO2 are consumed in the

reaction, how many grams of nitric acid, HNO3(aq) are produced?

3 NO2(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO3(aq) + NO(g)

A) 30.8 g

B) 41.1 g

C) 54.8 g

D) 69.3 g

Answer: A


29) 7.0 g of nitrogen is reacted with 5.0 g of hydrogen to produce ammonia according to the chemical

equation shown below. Which one of the following statements is false?

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)

A) 3.5 g of hydrogen are left over.

B) Hydrogen is the excess reactant.

C) Nitrogen is the limiting reactant.

D) The theoretical yield of ammonia is 15 g.

Answer: D


30) 5.0 g of iron is reacted with 5.0 g of water according to the chemical equation shown below.

Which one of the following statements is false?

3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O(l) → Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g)

A) 6.91 g of Fe3O4 are produced.

B) 2.85 g of H2O are left over.

C) Mass is conserved in this reaction.

D) Water is the limiting reactant.

Answer: D


38


31) Which substance is the limiting reactant when 2.0 g of sulfur reacts with 3.0 g of oxygen and 4.0 g

of sodium hydroxide according to the following chemical equation:

2 S(s) + 3 O2(g) + 4 NaOH(aq) → 2 Na2SO4(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

A) S(s)

B) O2(g)

C) NaOH(aq)

D) None of these substances is the limiting reactant.

Answer: C


32) When 7.00 × 1022 molecules of ammonia react with 6.00 × 1022 molecules of oxygen according to

the chemical equation shown below, how many grams of nitrogen gas are produced?

4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 N2(g) + 6 H2O(g)

A) 1.63 g

B) 1.86 g

C) 4.19 g

D) 6.51 g

Answer: A


33) When silver nitrate reacts with barium chloride, silver chloride and barium nitrate are formed. How

many grams of silver chloride are formed when 10.0 g of silver nitrate reacts with 15.0 g of barium

chloride?

A) 8.44 g

B) 9.40 g

C) 11.9 g

D) 18.8 g

Answer: A


34) Balance the chemical equation given below, and calculate the volume of nitrogen monoxide gas

produced when 8.00 g of ammonia is reacted with 12.0 g of oxygen at 25°C? The density of nitrogen

monoxide at 25°C is 1.23 g/L.

_____ NH3(g) + _____ O2(g) → _____ NO(g) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 7.32 L

B) 11.1 L

C) 11.5 L

D) 17.3 L

Answer: A


39


35) What is the concentration of FeCl3 in a solution prepared by dissolving 20.0 g of FeCl3 in enough

water to make 275 mL of solution?

A) 4.48 × 10-4 M

B) 0. 448 M

C) 2.23 M

D) 2.23 × 103 M

Answer: B


36) How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to make 250. mL of a solution that is 0. 135 M?

A) 0.0917 g

B) 0.174 g

C) 5.73 g

D) 91.7 g

Answer: C


37) What volume of a 0.540 M NaOH solution contains 11.5 g of NaOH?

A) 0. 155 L

B) 0. 532 L

C) 1. 88 L

D) 6.44 L

Answer: B


38) What is the concentration of NO3- ions in a solution prepared by dissolving 25.0 g of Ca(NO3)2 in

enough water to produce 300. mL of solution?

A) 0. 254 M

B) 0. 508 M

C) 0. 672 M

D) 1.02 M

Answer: D


39) If the reaction of phosphate ion with water is ignored, what is the total concentration of ions in a

solution prepared by dissolving 3.00 g of K3PO4 in enough water to make 350. mL of solution?

A) 0.0 101 M

B) 0. 0404 M

C) 0. 162 M

D) 0. 323 M

Answer: B


40


40) What is the concentration of an AlCl3 solution if 150. mL of the solution contains 450. mg of

Cl- ion?

A) 2.82 × 10-2 M

B) 6.75 × 10-2 M

C) 8.46 × 10- 2 M

D) 2.54 × 10-1 M

Answer: A


41) What is the concentration of HCl in the final solution when 65 mL of a 12 M HCl solution is diluted

with pure water to a total volume of 0.15 L?

A) 2.8 × 10- 2 M

B) 5.2 M

C) 28 M

D) 5.2 × 103 M

Answer: B


42) How many milliliters of a 9.0 M H2SO4 solution are needed to make 0. 35 L of a 3.5 M solution?

A) 0. 14 mL

B) 0.90 mL

C) 140 mL

D) 900 mL

Answer: C


43) A FeCl3 solution is 0.175 M. How many mL of a 0.175 M FeCl3 solution are needed to make

450. mL of a solution that is 0.300 M in Cl- ion?

A) 0.771 mL

B) 257 mL

C) 771 mL

D) It is not possible to make a more concentrated solution from a less concentrated solution.

Answer: B


44) A student dissolved 4.00 g of Co(NO3)2 in enough water to make 100. mL of stock solution.

He took 4.00 mL of the stock solution and then diluted it with water to give 275. mL of a final solution.

How many grams of NO3- ion are there in the final solution?

A) 0.0 197 g

B) 0.0 394 g

C) 0.0 542 g

D) 0. 108 g

Answer: D


41


45) A student prepared a stock solution by dissolving 10.0 g of KOH in enough water to make 150. mL

of solution. She then took 15.0 mL of the stock solution and diluted it with enough water to make water

to make 65.0 mL of a final solution. What is the concentration of KOH for the final solution?

A) 0. 274 M

B) 0. 356 M

C) 2.81 M

D) 3.65 M

Answer: A


46) How many milliliters of 0.260 M Na2S are needed to react with 40.00 mL of 0.315 M AgNO3?

Na2S(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → 2 NaNO3(aq) + Ag2S(s)

A) 24.2 mL

B) 48.5 mL

C) 66.0 mL

D) 96.9 mL

Answer: A


47) How many grams of CaCl2 are formed when 15.00 mL of 0.00237 M Ca(OH)2 reacts with excess

Cl2 gas?

2 Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 Cl2(g) → Ca(OCl)2(aq) + CaCl2(s) + 2 H2O(l)

A) 0.00 197 g

B) 0.00 394 g

C) 0.0 0789 g

D) 0.0 507 g

Answer: A


48) When 31.2 mL of 0.500 M AgNO3 is added to 25.0 mL of 0.300 M NH4Cl, how many grams of

AgCl are formed?

AgNO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NH4NO3(aq)

A) 1.07 g

B) 2.24 g

C) 3.31 g

D) 6.44 g

Answer: A


42


49) How many milliliters of 0.200 M FeCl3 are needed to react with an excess of Na2S to produce

1.38 g of Fe2S3 if the percent yield for the reaction is 65.0%?

3 Na2S(aq) + 2 FeCl3(aq) → Fe2S3(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)

A) 25.5 mL

B) 43.1 mL

C) 51.1 mL

D) 102 mL

Answer: D


50) If 100. mL of 0.400 M Na2SO4 is added to 200. mL of 0.600 M NaCl, what is the concentration of

Na+ ions in the final solution? Assume that the volumes are additive.

A) 0.534 M

B) 0.667 M

C) 1.00 M

D) 1.40 M

Answer: B


51) How many milliliters of 0.550 M hydriodic acid are needed to react with 15.00 mL of 0.217 M

CsOH?

HI(aq) + CsOH(aq) → CsI(aq) + H2O(l)

A) 0. 0263 mL

B) 0.169 mL

C) 5.92 mL

D) 38.0 mL

Answer: C


52) In an acid-base neutralization reaction 38.74 mL of 0.500 M potassium hydroxide reacts with

50.00 mL of sulfuric acid solution. What is the concentration of the H2SO4 solution?

A) 0. 194 M

B) 0. 387 M

C) 0. 775 M

D) 1.29 M

Answer: A


53) Balance the chemical equation given below, and determine the number of milliliters of 0.00300 M

phosphoric acid required to neutralize 45.00 mL of 0.00150 M calcium hydroxide.

_____ Ca(OH)2(aq) + _____ H3PO4(aq) → _____ Ca3(PO4)2(aq) + _____ H2O(l)

A) 3.04 mL

B) 15.0 mL

C) 22.5 mL

D) 33.8 mL

Answer: B


43


54) When 280. mL of 1.50 × 10-4 M hydrochloric acid is added to 125 mL of 1.75 × 10-4 M Mg(OH)2,

the resulting solution will be

A) acidic.

B) basic

C) neutral.

D) It is impossible to tell from the information given.

Answer: B


55) Which one of the following contains 39% carbon by mass?

A) C2H2

B) CH4

C) CH3NH2

D) CO2

Answer: C


56) What is the empirical formula of a substance that contains 2.64 g of C, 0.444 g of H, and

3.52 g of O?

A) CH2O

B) C2H4O2

C) C2H4O3

D) C3H4O4

Answer: A


57) Which one of the following is not an empirical formula?

A) CHO

B) CH2O

C) C2H4O

D) C2H4O2

Answer: D


58) Combustion analysis of an unknown compound containing only carbon and hydrogen produced

0.2845 g of CO2 and 0.1451 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the compound?

A) CH2

B) C4H5

C) C4H10

D) C5H2

Answer: B


44


59) Combustion analysis of 1.200 g of an unknown compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen produced 2.086 g of CO2 and 1.134 g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of the

compound?

A) C2H5O

B) C2H5O2

C) C2H10O3

D) C3H8O2

Answer: D


3.3 Short Answer Questions

1) A balanced equation has the same numbers and kinds of ________ on both sides of the reaction

arrow.

Answer: atoms


2) When the reaction C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O is balanced using the smallest whole number

coefficients, the coefficient in front of O2 is ________.

Answer: 13


3) When the reaction C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O is balanced, the total number of oxygen atoms in the

balanced equation is ________.

Answer: 40


4) The fundamental SI unit for measuring matter is the ________.

Answer: mole


5) To the nearest whole number, the molar mass of Cu(NO3)2 is ________ g/mol.

Answer: 188


6) The number of grams in 0.333 mol of urea, (NH2)2CO, is ________.

Answer: 20.0 g


7) How many moles are in 7.8 g of acetamide, CH3CONH2?

Answer: 0.13


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8) The balanced equation for the gaseous state oxidation of ammonia is shown below.

4 NH3 + 5 O2 → 4 NO + 6 H2O

How many moles of O2 are required to react with 1.2 mole of NH3?

Answer: 1.5 mol


9) The balanced equation for the reaction of acetylene, C2H2, and oxygen in an acetylene torch is

2 C2H2 + 5 O2 → 4 CO2 + 2 H2O.

In this reaction the number of grams of oxygen required to react with 0.13 g of acetylene is ________.

Answer: 0.40 g


10) Ozone is unstable, decomposing to dioxygen, as shown in the balanced equation

2 O3 → 3 O2.

In this reaction, how many grams of dioxygen can be formed from the decomposition of 96 grams of

ozone?

Answer: 96 g


11) The balanced equation for the decomposition of water is shown below.

2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

If 0.72 g of water react completely in this reaction, what is the theoretical yield of H2?

Answer: 0.080 g


12) Oxygen can be produced from the catalytic decomposition of KClO3 as shown in the balanced

equation below.

2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2

What is the percent yield if 3.20 grams of oxygen are formed from the reaction of 12.3 grams of

KClO3?

Answer: 66.4%


13) If 4.0 g of H2 react with 4.0 g of F2 in the reaction shown below, what is the limiting reactant?

H2 + F2 → 2 HF

Answer: F2


14) Ozone reacts with iodide ion as shown in the balanced equation below.

O3 + 2 I- + H2O → O2 + I2 + 2 OH-

In this reaction, how many grams of dioxygen can be formed from the reaction of 96 grams of ozone?

Answer: 64 g


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15) When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, H+ is formed, which makes the solution acidic, as shown in

the balanced equation below.

CO2 + H2O → HCO3- + H+

What is the percent yield if 0.0088 g of CO2 reacts with 900 g of H2O to form 0.000108 g of H+?

Answer: 50%


16) Hydrazine, N2H4, is used as a rocket fuel. In the reaction below, if 80.1 g of N2H4 and 92.0 g of

N2O4 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reactant, and how many grams of excess reactant

remain at the end of the reaction?

2 N2H4 + N2O4 → 3 N2 + 4 H2O

Answer: limiting reactant is N2O4, 16.0 g N2H4 remain


17) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.80 g of NaOH in enough water to make

250 mL of solution?

Answer: 0.080 M


18) The number of moles of CaCl2 in 25.0 mL of 0.222 M CaCl2 is ________.

Answer: 0.00555 mol


19) The number of grams of NaCl required to prepare 500 mL of 0.100 M NaCl is ________.

Answer: 2.92 g


20) The number of milliliters of 12.0 M HCl required to prepare 250 mL of 0.500 M HCl is ________.

Answer: 10.4 mL


21) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL of 2.0 M HCl with enough water to

make 250 mL of solution?

Answer: 0.20 M


22) The number of milliliters of 0.250 M HCl required to react with 50.00 mL of 0.450 M KOH in the

reaction shown below is ________.

HCl + KOH → H2O + KCl

Answer: 90.0 mL


23) What is the empirical formula of benzene, C6H6?

Answer: CH


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24) The empirical formula of a compound that contains 82.66% carbon and 17.34% hydrogen is

________.

Answer: C2H5


25) Analysis of a 1.000-g sample of the oral hypoglycemic agent metforminTM yielded 0.3720 g

of carbon, 0.0858 g of hydrogen, and 0.5422 g of nitrogen. MetforminTM has a molar mass of

129.16 g/mol. What is the molar mass of MetforminTM?

Answer: C4HllN5


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