Chemistry
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Transcript of Chemistry
Prefix and Suffix List
• Di = Two
• Glyc = Sweet
• Mono = One
• Lip = Fat
• Lyt = dissolvable
• Poly = Many
• Sacchar = sugar
• Syn= together
Chemistry Review - Elements
• Pure substance made up of only one kind of atom
• 90 occur naturally
• 25 essential to life: O, C, H, N– 0= 65%, C=18.5%, H=9.5%, N=3.2%
• Atom: smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means.
Chemistry Review Atoms
• Three major parts. (Pg24)– Protons: Positive Charge. Inside Nucleus
– Neutrons: Neutral Charge. Inside Nucleus:
– Electrons: Negative Charge. Outside Nucleus• 2 electrons in first shell• 8 electrons in the second shell• Eight is Great! Will not React with other
atoms.• If the outer shell is not full it will react.
Combining Chemicals
• Compound: When two or more different elements combine.
• Hydrogen Bond: H2O – When hydrogen bonds with a highly electronegative
atom (O or N). Creates a polar molecule.• Covalent bond: CO2
– When atoms on the same side of the chart (same size) bond. Share electrons.
• Can be polar or nonpolar
• Both Hydrogen and Covalent bonds form molecules, ionic bonds do not. Ionic/
Covalent Bonds
Periodic Table
Bonding
Combining Chemicals continued
• Ionic Bonds: When atoms on different sides of the chart (different size) bond. Steal electrons. Create Ions
• Ion: Charged particle either negative or positive.
• NaCl = table salt
Checkpoint
• What are the meanings of atomic number, mass number, ion and molecule?
• What is the significance of the valence (outer) shell of an atom?
• Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonding.
Solution
• A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.
• Solute: smaller word, smaller thing
• Solvent: bigger word, bigger thing
The Importance of Water
• Polar molecule (it has a negative and positive charge.)– Can dissolve both Ionic and Polar-Covalent
molecules
• Surface Tension– Cohesion: Sticks to itself.– Adhesion: Like a band-aid. Sticks to stuff
• Capillary Action: Climbs up thin tubes
Organic Compounds:All organic compounds contain Carbon.
• Nucleic Acids: pg. 39 DNA and RNA
–Made of nucleotides: Sugar, Phosphate, and a Nitrogen Base. A::T, C:::G, U
• ATP: energy cells run on.