CHEMICALS IN PRODUCTStheic2.org/article/download-pdf/file_name/EcologyChemUse...870 440 210 2 490...

CHEMICALS IN PRODUCTS ECOLOGY’S DATA AND POLICY EFFORTS

October 2013

Joshua Grice

Research Analyst

Reducing Toxic Threats

Washington State

Department of Ecology

(360) 407-6786

[email protected]

Prevention

Benign design

Kids &

environment

protected

Manufacturers

share the

responsibility

Safer Alternatives

Green Chemistry

Phase out PBTs

Averting toxic exposures and avoiding future costs is the smartest, cheapest and healthiest approach.

Identify Chemicals of Concern

Gather data

Bans, Limits, Reporting

Ecology’s Efforts

>>>BANS

>>> DATA COLLECTION

>>> STAKEHOLDER PROCESSES

Bisphenol A in children’s

bottles/cups, sports bottles

Copper in brake pads,

boat paint

Toxics in packaging Coal tar sealants

PBDEs, including deca-BDE

in certain products

Chemical Action Plans for

Persistent, Bioaccumulative

Toxics (PBTs)

Children’s Safe Product Act

reporting rule

Product testing

Alternatives assessment

guidance

Green Chemistry Center

Brake pad law

Lead in wheel weights


Definition of “children’s product”

•Toys

•Children’s Cosmetics

•Children’s Jewelry

•Children’s Clothing

•Child car seats

•Products intended to help a child with sucking or teething, to

facilitate sleep, relaxation, or the feeding of a child

Requires manufacturers of children’s products to report if their

products contain a Chemical of High Concern to Children (CHCC)

•List of 66 CHCCs established by rule

Development of the CHCC list

CSPA – phased-in reporting

Manufacturer

Categories (US Aggregate

Gross Sales)

Product Tier 1 •Intended to be put in mouth

•Intended for on skin

•Mouthable & for under 3

Product Tier 2 •Intended for prolonged

skin contact (>1hr)

•Clothing, jewelry

Product Tier 3 •Intended for short skin

contact (<1 hr)

•Toys

Largest ($1 billion+) August 2012 February 2013 August 2013

Larger ($250 million-

$1 billion) February 2013 August 2013 August 2014

Medium ($100 million-

$250 million) August 2013 August 2014 August 2015

Small ($5 million -


Smaller ($100,000-


Tiny (>$100,000) August 2016 August 2017 August 2018

Manufacturers report presence of CHCCs by product category and product component.

CSPA – reporting framework

Segment Example bricks

Arts/crafts/needlework Artists paints/dyes, Artists pastels/crayons,

Jewelry craft materials, Sand art supplies

Baby care Pacifiers/teething rings, Baby bath safety

products, Baby changing mats, Baby

furniture/transportation/safety

Beauty/personal care Cosmetic aids/accessories, Fragrances, Hair-

shampoo, Dental cleansing, Lip Balms

Clothing Handwear, Headwear, Skirts, Socks,

Trousers/Shorts, Sleepwear Variety Packs

Footwear Athletic footwear, Boots, Shoes

Household Cushions, Bed sheets/valances, Pillow cases

Personal accessories Anklets, Earrings, Necklaces, Rings, Tiaras

Toys/games Board games, Practical jokes, Puppets,

Developmental/educational toys, Outdoor

games, Toy vehicles, Role play – kitchen toys

Manufacturers report presence of CHCCs by product category and product component.

CSPA – reporting framework

•Bio-based Materials (Animal or Plant based) ex. leather, horn, silk, wool

•Glass, Ceramic and Siliceous material

•Homogenous Mixtures (gels, creams, powders, liquids, adhesives, synthetic

fragrances)

•Inks/Dyes/Pigments

•Metals (Including alloys)

•Surface coatings (paints, plating, waterproofing etc.)

•Synthetic Polymers (synthetic rubber, plastics, foams etc.)

•Textiles (synthetic fibers and blends)

•Other

Manufacturers must report the function of the CHCC and in what amount it is present.

CSPA – required information

Accelerator Dispersant Manufacturing

additive

Solvent

Adhesive Emulsifier Mold/press release Source contaminant

Antioxidant Flame retardant No function –

contaminant

Stabilizer

Antistatic agent Flavoring pH adjustment Stain prevention

Binding agent Fragrance Physical characteristics Surfactant

Catalyst Germicidal Plasticizer/softener Texture

Coloration/Pigments/

Dyes/Inks

Hardening Preservative UV stabilizer/

absorber

Component of plastic

resin or polymer process

Inactive ingredient Protective coating Water proofing

Conductive material Lubricant Reinforcement/strength

Manufacturers must report the function of the CHCC and in what amount it is present.

CSPA – required information

Reporting Ranges

Range 1: < 100 ppm and >= PQL

Range 2: < 500 ppm and >= 100 ppm



Range 5: < 10,000 ppm and >= 5000 ppm

Range 6: >= 10000 ppm

Reports per chemical

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Number of Reports

Reports per function

Reports per function minus contaminants

Reports per concentration category

Reports per concentration category by function

Top 7 reported chemicals by top functions

Phthalates by top functions

Cobalt

Top 3 chemicals reported at high levels

Product testing

Lab budget $168,000 (~600 samples)

Grant funding from Attorney General settlement with Mattel

Target chemicals Parabens, phthalates, metals, formaldehyde, volatile

organic compounds

Target products Children’s cosmetic & personal care products, children’s

toys, children’s jewelry, packaging from consumer and

children’s products

Final reports November 2013

Testing children’s products to assure compliance with the Children’s Safe

Product Act Reporting Rule

(WAC 173-334; Ch. 70.240 RCW)

Ecology is currently developing a product testing database to facilitate

public access to data from product testing projects.

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=173-334



http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=70.240

Parabens

Category Number Percent

Baby and bath accessories 16 37.2%

Cosmetics & fragrances 5 11.6%

Lip balm & gloss 13 30.2%

Halloween (makeup) 7 16.3%

Miscellaneous 2 4.7%

Parabens are the most widely used preservatives in cosmetic products. Various

parabens and paraben mixtures are intentionally added to thousands of cosmetic

products.

All five parabens on the list of Chemicals of High Concern to Children have been

classified as Category 1 endocrine disruptors by the European Union.

Parabens – baby & bath

560

470

2.3

1,800

1,200

0.6 5.5 0.6

1,100

940

1,800

600

520

740

110

0.7

590

370 320

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

CT0

05

-c01

FM0

01

-c01

FM00

5-c0

1

RA

003

-c01

RA

003

-d0

1

SF0

02

-c01

TG00

1-c0

1

TG00

4-c0

1

TG01

9-c0

1

TR0

02

-c01

TR00

3-c0

1

TR01

4-c0

1

WG

00

1-c0

1

WG

00

2-c0

1

WM

00

4-c0

3

WM

00

7-c0

1

WM

03

7-c0

1

WM

03

7-c0

2

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – baby & bath

560

470

2.3

1,800

1,200

0.6 5.5 0.6

1,100

940

1,800

600

520

740

110

0.7

590

370 320

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

CT0

05

-c01

FM0

01

-c01

FM00

5-c0

1

RA

003

-c01

RA

003

-d0

1

SF0

02

-c01

TG00

1-c0

1

TG00

4-c0

1

TG01

9-c0

1

TR0

02

-c01

TR00

3-c0

1

TR01

4-c0

1

WG

00

1-c0

1

WG

00

2-c0

1

WM

00

4-c0

3

WM

00

7-c0

1

WM

03

7-c0

1

WM

03

7-c0

2

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

Baby lotion Watermelon body wash

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – cosmetics/fragrances

480

1,700

1,600

45

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

CL0

02

-c01

CL0

02

-c05

CL0

07

-c01

CL0

07

-c02

HC

00

0-c0

1

PF0

00

-c01

PF0

00

-c02

SF0

01

-c01

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – cosmetics/fragrances

480

1,700

1,600

45

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

CL0

02

-c01

CL0

02

-c05

CL0

07

-c01

CL0

07

-c02

HC

00

0-c0

1

PF0

00

-c01

PF0

00

-c02

SF0

01

-c01

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

Eyeshadow composite

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – lip balm/gloss

80 120

790

55 75

460

310

370

59.0

520

1,300

250

0

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

CL0

01

-c01

CL0

01

-c03

CL0

01

-c07

CL0

09

-c01

CL0

10

-c01

CL0

11

-c01

DT0

01

-c01

DT0

01

-c01

FM00

7-c0

1

SK0

18

-c02

SK

01

8-c0

3

SK0

19

-c01

TG01

1-c0

1

WM

01

0-c0

1

WM

01

1-c0

1

WM

01

4-c0

1

WM

05

3-c0

1

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – lip balm/gloss

80 120

790

55 75

460

310

370

59.0

520

1,300

250

0

250

500

750

1,000

1,250

1,500

CL0

01

-c01

CL0

01

-c03

CL0

01

-c07

CL0

09

-c01

CL0

10

-c01

CL0

11

-c01

DT0

01

-c01

DT0

01

-c01

FM00

7-c0

1

SK0

18

-c02

SK

01

8-c0

3

SK0

19

-c01

TG01

1-c0

1

WM

01

0-c0

1

WM

01

1-c0

1

WM

01

4-c0

1

WM

05

3-c0

1

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

Color/flavoring

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – Halloween makeup

270

110

610

2.4 0.6 1.8

1,700

7 0.6

470

720

870

440

210

2

490

1.1

320 240

0.7 39

190 270

640

480

2,500

270

560

760

380

230

120 84 84

18 73

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

RA

000

-c01

RA

000

-c06

RA

000

-c08

RA

000

-c13

RA

000

-c14

RA

000

-c15

SH

001

-c01

SH

003

-c06

SH

003

-c07

SH

003

-c08

SH

00

3-c1

0

SH

004

-c01

SH

004

-c08

SH

004

-c09

SH

004

-c10

SK

02

0-c0

3

WM

05

6-c0

6

WM

05

6-c0

8

WM

05

6-c0

9

WM

05

8-c0

1

WM

05

8-c0

3

WM

05

8-c1

0

WM

05

8-c1

1

Methyl

Ethyl

Propyl

Butyl

Isobutyl

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Parabens – conclusions

Conclusions:

•Parabens can be analyzed at low levels in a wide variety of

products

•Found in appreciable levels in many products mouthed by

children or applied to their skin

•Halloween makeup contained highest levels and greatest

incidence of detection

Phthalates – products tested

Category Number Percent

Art 5 5.8%

Baby 35 40.7%

Bath 15 17.4%

Cosmetics 7 8.1%

Fragrance 12 14.0%

Halloween items 5 5.8%

Shoes 7 8.1%

Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers to soften plastics.

There are 9 phthalates on the list of Chemicals of High Concern to Children. They are

listed for concerns about developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, endocrine

disruption. Only 6 of these phthalates are banned by federal law above 1000ppm.

Phthalates – baby products

49.7

28.3

47.6

277

11.9

0

100

200

300

AM

000

-c01

AM

003

-c01

AM

004

-c01

AM

004

-c02

AM

005

-c01

DT0

00

-c01

DT0

02

-c01

DT0

05

-c01

DT0

33

-b0

1

FM00

0-c0

1

FM00

1-c0

1

FM01

0-c0

1

SP00

2-c0

1

TG00

0-c0

1

TG00

8-c0

5

TG00

9-c0

1

TG0

10

-c01

TG01

2-c0

1

TG01

3-c0

1

TG01

4-c0

1

TG0

16

-c01

TG01

7-c0

1

TG01

8-c0

1

TR00

0-c0

1

TR0

05

-b0

1

TR00

5-c0

2

TR00

9-c0

1

TR01

2-c0

1

TR0

22

-c02

WM

00

5-c0

1

WM

00

9-c0

1

WM

00

9-c0

3

WM

01

2-c0

1

WM

01

5-c0

1

WM

01

6-c0

2

WM

01

7-c0

1

WM

01

8-c0

1

WM

02

1-c0

1

Baby Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Phthalates – bath products

1,630

4,970

68,700

0

25,000

50,000

75,000

FM01

6-c0

1

RA

00

1-b

01

RA

00

1-b

02

SK0

15

-b0

1

TG02

1-c0

1

TG05

9-C

01

TG06

0-C

01

TG06

1-C

01

TG06

2-C

01

TG06

3-C

01

TG06

4-C

01

TG06

6-C

01

TR00

8-c0

1

TR01

3-c0

1

WM

01

9-c0

1

WM

04

7-b

01

WM

04

7-c0

1

WM

04

7-c0

2

Phthalates in Bath Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

148,000

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Phthalates – bath products

1,630

4,970

68,700

0

25,000

50,000

75,000

FM01

6-c0

1

RA

00

1-b

01

RA

00

1-b

02

SK0

15

-b0

1

TG02

1-c0

1

TG05

9-C

01

TG06

0-C

01

TG06

1-C

01

TG06

2-C

01

TG06

3-C

01

TG06

4-C

01

TG06

6-C

01

TR00

8-c0

1

TR01

3-c0

1

WM

01

9-c0

1

WM

04

7-b

01

WM

04

7-c0

1

WM

04

7-c0

2

Phthalates in Bath Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

148,000

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

No CPSIA violation No CPSIA violation

Phthalates – perfumes/fragrances

2,330

1,630

285

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

DT0

11

-C01

JC00

0-C

01

MC

001

-C01

MC

00

1-C

02

PF0

00

-c01

PF0

00

-C02

PF0

01

-C01

PF0

02

-C01

PF0

02

-C02

PF0

03

-C01

PF0

04

-C01

PF0

05

-CO

1

TG05

8-C

01

TG06

5-C

01

TG0

67

-C0

1

Phthalates in Perfumes and Fragrances

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

4,790

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

No pictures due to ongoing enforcement.

Phthalates – cosmetics

1,030 1390

6,390

337

869

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

CL0

02

-b0

1

CL0

02

-b0

2

CL0

02

-b0

3

CL0

03

-c01

CL0

07

-b0

1

CL0

08

-c02

FM00

3-c0

1

RA

004

-c01

SK0

19

-c01

SK0

19

-c02

SK0

19

-c02

SK0

19

-c03

Phthalates in Cosmetic Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

128,000

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Phthalates – cosmetics

1,030 1390

6,390

337

869

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

CL0

02

-b0

1

CL0

02

-b0

2

CL0

02

-b0

3

CL0

03

-c01

CL0

07

-b0

1

CL0

08

-c02

FM00

3-c0

1

RA

004

-c01

SK0

19

-c01

SK0

19

-c02

SK0

19

-c02

SK0

19

-c03

Phthalates in Cosmetic Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

128,000

Parts of carrying case

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

No CPSIA violation

Phthalates – Halloween

234

171

15.7

841

920

0

250

500

750

1,000

SH002-c01 SH005-c01 SK021-c01 WM057-c01 WM061-c01

Phthalates in Halloween Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

part

s per

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Phthalates – Halloween

234

171

15.7

841

920

0

250

500

750

1,000

SH002-c01 SH005-c01 SK021-c01 WM057-c01 WM061-c01

Phthalates in Halloween Products

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

part

s per

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

No CPSIA violation

No CPSIA violation

Phthalates – footwear

336 646 373 526

18,600

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

GP00

1-c0

2

JN00

0-c0

1

JN00

0-c0

3

JN00

1-c0

1

ON

00

3-c0

1

ON

00

3-c0

2

ON

00

4-c0

1

ON

00

4-c0

4

SP00

1-c0

1

SP00

1-c0

3

WM

02

0-c0

1

WM

02

0-c0

2

Phthalates in Footwear

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

443,000

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Phthalates – footwear

336 646 373 526

18,600

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

GP00

1-c0

2

JN00

0-c0

1

JN00

0-c0

3

JN00

1-c0

1

ON

00

3-c0

1

ON

00

3-c0

2

ON

00

4-c0

1

ON

00

4-c0

4

SP00

1-c0

1

SP00

1-c0

3

WM

02

0-c0

1

WM

02

0-c0

2

Phthalates in Footwear

DEHP

BBP

DEP

DiDP

DiNP

DBP

DNHP

DOP

443,000

part

s p

er

mill

ion in p

rod

uct

com

ponent

Brown straps

Orange sole

No CPSIA violation

Phthalates – conclusions

Conclusions:

•Phthalates can be analyzed at low levels in a wide variety of

products

•Found in appreciable levels in many products

•Found in some unexpected product types (e.g. makeup)

•High levels found in a few products (e.g. baby sandals)

Metals – conclusions

Conclusions:

•A wide range of product types can be analyzed for the metals

of interest.

•Metals can be detected at ppm levels in all products categories

encompassing a range of different media types.

•Several products contained antimony at reportable levels.

•Cobalt was found in most clothing tested and may be tied to the

use of cobalt based blue dyes.

•A majority of children’s products tested had at least one of the

six metals at reportable levels.

Other product testing

Testing containers for children under 3 & sports bottles to assure

compliance with restrictions on Bisphenol A (Ch. 70.280 RCW)

Results: Only one sample contained BPA above PQL (20 ppm).

High degree of compliance with restrictions on BPA.

Lab budget $43, 538 (74 samples)

Ecology funds

Target chemicals Bisphenol A

Target products Baby bottles, sippy cups, toddler containers (bowls and

plates), and plastic & metal sports bottles

Final report https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1303005.html

http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=70.280

https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1303005.html

Other product testing

Testing products that may contain flame retardants to assure compliance

with restrictions on PBDEs and investigate current use of alternatives

(Ch.70.76 RCW)

Initial results: Detections of bromine via X-Ray Fluorescence screening indicating

likely presence of brominated flame retardants. Lab results pending.

Lab budget $175,000 (~300 samples)

EPA National Estuary Program Puget Sound grant funds

Target chemicals PBDEs (penta-, octa-, & deca-), polybrominated

diphenyl ethanes, TCEP, TCPP, TDCPP, RDP, TPP

Target products Products containing polyurethane foam (changing

mats, children’s furniture, mattresses & pads)

Flame retardant workwear, children’s sleepwear

Electrical products (hair dryers, heaters, cooking

implements, battery chargers)

Electronic products (televisions, computers)

Final report January 2014


DATE, 2013

Joshua Grice

Research Analyst

Reducing Toxic Threats

Washington State

Department of Ecology

(360) 407-6786

[email protected]

RESOURCES Children’s Safe Product Act:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/cspa/

RCW 70.270


WAC 173-334


Listserv:

http://listserv.wa.gov/cgi-bin/wa?A0=CHILDRENS-SAFE-PRODUCTS

Search data on children’s products:

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/cspa/search.html

http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/cspa/












http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/swfa/cspa/search.html

CHEMICALS IN PRODUCTStheic2.org/article/download-pdf/file_name/EcologyChemUse...870 440 210 2 490...

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