Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of...
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Transcript of Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of...
![Page 1: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
![Page 2: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
![Page 3: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction
![Page 4: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview:
Decomposition alters minerals into more stable minerals or substances at the earth’s surface.
![Page 5: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction
![Page 6: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction
an element loses electrons to an Oxygen ion
![Page 7: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction
an element loses electrons to an Oxygen ion
2Fe2++ 4HCO3 -1 + 1/2O2 + 2H20 >>>> Fe2O3 + 4H2CO3
![Page 8: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction
an element loses electrons to an Oxygen ion
2Fe2++ 4HCO3 -1 + 1/2O2 + 2H20 >>>> Fe2O3 + 4H2CO3
Ferrous bicarbonate ferric carbonic acid Iron Iron
![Page 9: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution
![Page 10: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution
The process of chemical weathering by which earth material passes into solution by removal of its atoms.
![Page 11: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution
The process of chemical weathering by which earth material passes into solution by removal of its atoms.
Most well-known:
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
Carbon dioxide water carbonic acid
![Page 12: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution
The process of chemical weathering by which earth material passes into solution by removal of its atoms.
Most well-known:
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
Carbon dioxide water carbonic acid
CaCO3 + H2CO3 = Ca+ + HCO3-
Limestone + carbonic acid = calcium ions + bicarbonate
![Page 13: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution
The process of chemical weathering by which earth material passes into solution by removal of its atoms.
Most well-known: Limestone + water + carbonic acid = calcium ions + CO2 + bicarbonate
pH controls solubility….
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis
Describes the reaction between minerals and hydrogen“converting primary minerals into secondary minerals”
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis
Describes the reaction between minerals and hydrogen“converting primary minerals into secondary minerals” 2 KAlSi3O8 + 2H+ + 9H2O >>>> H4Al2Si2O9 + 4H4SiO4 + 2K+
orthoclase kaolinite silica acid
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange
involves the substitution of ions in solution for those held by mineral grains.
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Cation exchange capacity (CEC): the capability for absorbing cations
“High Base Saturation”…..the % of exchange sites occupied by cationsother than H+.”
In acid soils, H+ replaces the cations; but in basic soils, H+ replace by cations.
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview * Mobility of cations
(Ca+2, Mg2+, Na+) > K+ > Fe2+ > Si4+ > Ti 4+> Fe 3+> Al 3
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview * Mobility of cations
(Ca+2, Mg2+, Na+) > K+ > Fe2+ > Si4+ > Ti 4+> Fe 3+> Al 3
* All related to the ionic potentialvalence (z) / ionic radius
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valence (z) / ionic radiusvery mobile = less than 3very immobile + greater than 9.5
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching“The separation, selective removal, or dissolving out of soluble constituents from a rock by the natural action of percolating water”
![Page 25: Chemical Weathering. I. Introduction Chemical Weathering I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: Decomposition alters minerals into.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649dc65503460f94ab9e16/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching“The separation, selective removal, or dissolving out of soluble constituents from a rock by the natural action of percolating water”
The process is dependent on CLIMATE and SOIL PROPERTIES
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching C. pH
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching C. pH
* The mobility of ions is controlled by pH
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pH controls solubility….
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Chemical Weathering III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching C. pH D. Fixation/Retardation
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Chemical Weathering
III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching C. pH D. Fixation/Retardation E. Chelation
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Chemical WeatheringIV. Degree and Rate of Decomposition A. Mineral Stability
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Chemical Weathering
I. Introduction II. Process of Decomposition A. Overview: B. Oxidation and Reduction C. Solution D. Hydrolysis E. Ion Exchange III. Mobility A. Overview B. Leaching C. pH D. Fixation/Redardation E. Chelation IV. Degree and Rate of Decomposition A. Mineral Stability B. Secondary Minerals
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Chemical WeatheringIV. Degree and Rate of Decomposition A. Mineral Stability B. Secondary Minerals C. Estimates based on chemical analysis
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