Chemical Chemical NomenclatureNomenclature

Learning TargetsLearning Targets•Write name & write Write name & write symbol of selected symbol of selected elementselements

•Write name & write Write name & write formula of a variety of formula of a variety of compounds.compounds.

Naming InquiryNaming InquiryFormulaFormula NameName NaClNaCl Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride KIKI Potassium IodidePotassium Iodide MgClMgCl22 Magnesium ChlorideMagnesium Chloride

What is a binary compound?What is a binary compound?

Naming InquiryNaming InquiryFormulaFormula NameName NaClNaCl Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride KIKI Potassium IodidePotassium Iodide MgClMgCl22 Magnesium ChlorideMagnesium Chloride

What does the chemical What does the chemical formula of each indicate?formula of each indicate?

Naming InquiryNaming InquiryFormulaFormula NameName NaClNaCl Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride KIKI Potassium IodidePotassium Iodide MgClMgCl22 Magnesium chlorideMagnesium chloride

Why are there two chlorines Why are there two chlorines for one magnesium?for one magnesium?

Naming InquiryNaming InquiryFormulaFormula NameName NaClNaCl Sodium ChlorideSodium Chloride KIKI Potassium IodidePotassium Iodide MgClMgCl22 Magnesium ChlorideMagnesium Chloride

What are some naming What are some naming rules that can be rules that can be

discovered from these discovered from these examples?examples?

I.I. Elements (periodic table)Elements (periodic table)A.A. Symbols: come from the first letter, Symbols: come from the first letter,

or first two letters of the element’s or first two letters of the element’s name.name.

1.1. First letter is always UPPERCASE, First letter is always UPPERCASE, second letter always lower case.second letter always lower case.

a.a. Co, cobalt vs. CO, carbon monoxideCo, cobalt vs. CO, carbon monoxide

b.b. No, nobelium vs. NO, nitrogen oxideNo, nobelium vs. NO, nitrogen oxide

2.2. Some use latin name for symbol, ex. Some use latin name for symbol, ex. Gold (latin name = aurum or Au)Gold (latin name = aurum or Au)

NOTESNOTESII.II. Formula: Represents Formula: Represents

composition of a compoundcomposition of a compoundA.A. Tells proportions of elements in a Tells proportions of elements in a

compound relative to each other.compound relative to each other.1.1. Subscripts are used to indicate number Subscripts are used to indicate number

of atoms of each element in a of atoms of each element in a compound. (compound. (ALWAYSALWAYS Whole Whole numbers!!)numbers!!)

2.2. The subscript follows the atom or The subscript follows the atom or atoms it refers to. If subscript follows atoms it refers to. If subscript follows “( )” then everything inside the “( )” “( )” then everything inside the “( )” is multiplied by the subscript.is multiplied by the subscript.

Examples:Examples:COCO22

One atom of C, 2 atoms of OOne atom of C, 2 atoms of O

HH22OO

2 atoms of H, one atom of O2 atoms of H, one atom of O

FeFe33(PO(PO44))22

3 atoms of Fe, 2 atoms of P & 8atoms of 3 atoms of Fe, 2 atoms of P & 8atoms of OO

Formulas, continuedFormulas, continued

B.B. All atoms have oxidation numbers All atoms have oxidation numbers (valence charge). This is the (valence charge). This is the combining power of the atom.combining power of the atom.ex : Everything in Group 1 has a ex : Everything in Group 1 has a

+1 charge. Group 17 has -1 +1 charge. Group 17 has -1 chargecharge

Na Na +1+1 Cl Cl -1 -1 combined = 0combined = 0** You want your valences to always = 0** You want your valences to always = 0

Examples continuedExamples continued

What happens when it doesn’t = 0?What happens when it doesn’t = 0?

MgMg+2+2 Cl Cl-1 -1 = = 00

You add another ClYou add another Cl-1-1

-2-2

so… it now looks like this:so… it now looks like this:

MgClMgCl22Now the “combined power” is 0 Now the “combined power” is 0

You TryYou Try

CaCa+2+2 N N-3-3

KK++ P P-3-3

AlAl+3+3 O O-2-2

C.C. Polyatomic ions or “radicals” are Polyatomic ions or “radicals” are groups of atoms that behave as if groups of atoms that behave as if they are single atoms. They also they are single atoms. They also have oxidation numbers. Examples: have oxidation numbers. Examples: SOSO44

-2-2 (sulfate ion), NO (sulfate ion), NO33-1-1 (nitrate ion) (nitrate ion)

D.D. We will use the concept of valence to We will use the concept of valence to write formulaswrite formulas

1.1. Valence is either “+” or “-”Valence is either “+” or “-”

2.2. In ALL compounds, the sum of the valences In ALL compounds, the sum of the valences adds up to zero.adds up to zero.

3.3. Metals are always “+”Metals are always “+”

4.4. Non-metals can be “+” or “-”Non-metals can be “+” or “-”

5.5. Most radicals are “-”, only common “+” Most radicals are “-”, only common “+” radical is NHradical is NH44

+1+1 (ammonium) (ammonium)

ApplicationApplication1.1. Example 1: Lithium Chloride …Li Example 1: Lithium Chloride …Li 1+1+

and Cl and Cl 1-1-, so the formula must be , so the formula must be LiCl.LiCl.

2.2. Example 2: Calcium Oxide …Ca Example 2: Calcium Oxide …Ca 2+2+ and O and O 2-2-, so the formula must be , so the formula must be CaOCaO

3.3. Example 3: What about Lithium Example 3: What about Lithium Oxide?Oxide?

4.4. Answer: you need two lithium Answer: you need two lithium atoms for every one oxygen to atoms for every one oxygen to balance…Libalance…Li22OO

E.E. Atoms that have a constant Atoms that have a constant valence: valence:

1.1. (+1) = first column and Ag, (+1) = first column and Ag,

2.2. (+2) = 2(+2) = 2ndnd column plus Zn and column plus Zn and Cd Cd

3.3. (+3) Al. (See columns already (+3) Al. (See columns already marked on your periodic marked on your periodic table.)table.)

(H can be -1 in some special cases)(H can be -1 in some special cases)

III.III. Naming Binary Salts & Writing their Naming Binary Salts & Writing their FormulasFormulas

A.A. Metal plus a non-metal (two Metal plus a non-metal (two elements).elements).

B.B. Named by adding the name of the Named by adding the name of the first element (metal) to the second first element (metal) to the second element (non-metal) whose name is element (non-metal) whose name is modified to end in “ide.” modified to end in “ide.” 1.1. Examples: Examples:

• oxygen becomes “oxide”oxygen becomes “oxide”• chlorine becomes “chloride”chlorine becomes “chloride”• sulfur becomes “sulfide”sulfur becomes “sulfide”• etc…etc…

Now… The RulesNow… The Rules

Rule #1:Rule #1: ends in ends in “ide” = Binary salt“ide” = Binary saltNaClNaClSodium chlorSodium chlorideide

AlAl22OO33

Aluminum oxAluminum oxideideKIKIPotassium iodPotassium iodideide

•Rule #2:Rule #2: valences must = 0 valences must = 0

C.C. Most metals have a variable valence and Most metals have a variable valence and this must be indicated in the name of the this must be indicated in the name of the compound.compound.

1.1. The Stock System: The valence (+) of the metal The Stock System: The valence (+) of the metal is given as a Roman numeral.is given as a Roman numeral.

a.a. Iron (Fe) can either be FeIron (Fe) can either be Fe+2+2 or Fe or Fe+3 +3

therefore both forms exist in compounds.therefore both forms exist in compounds.

1.1. Iron (II) chloride = FeClIron (II) chloride = FeCl22

2.2. Iron (III) chloride = FeClIron (III) chloride = FeCl33

3.3. The Latin names ferrous (for Fe The Latin names ferrous (for Fe +2+2) ) and ferric (for Feand ferric (for Fe+3+3) may also be used.) may also be used.

How does the Stock System How does the Stock System Work?Work?

For metals in Groups 3-15For metals in Groups 3-15 Iron (II) chloride = FeClIron (II) chloride = FeCl22 The (II) tells me the valence of Fe.The (II) tells me the valence of Fe. I know that each Cl has a -1 charge. I I know that each Cl has a -1 charge. I

have 2 Cl’s for a total charge of -2, so have 2 Cl’s for a total charge of -2, so the Fe has to be +2 to make the the Fe has to be +2 to make the valences add up to zerovalences add up to zero

FeClFeCl33 what is the oxidation of Fe? what is the oxidation of Fe? Iron (III) chloride, FeIron (III) chloride, Fe+3+3

You Try -You Try - Write the name or the formula using the Write the name or the formula using the

Stock SystemStock System CuClCuCl

Copper (I) chlorideCopper (I) chloride

CrOCrO33

Chromium (VI) oxideChromium (VI) oxide Tin (IV) oxideTin (IV) oxide

SnOSnO22

Nickel (II) oxideNickel (II) oxide NiONiO

End notes 10/5 & 10/6 End notes 10/5 & 10/6