CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. 7.1 A compound, whether ionically or covalently bonded,...
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Transcript of CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS. 7.1 A compound, whether ionically or covalently bonded,...
CHAPTER 7CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
7.1
CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS
IONIC COMPOUNDS
7.1 NOTESA compound, whether ionically or covalently bonded,
always has the same ratio of moles of atoms. (Law of Definite Proportion)
7.1 NOTESAn ionic compound is composed of ions bonded
together.
It could be 2 monatomic ions 2 polyatomic ions 1 monatomic and 1 polyatomic
7.1 NOTESWhat is the difference between a monatomic and a
polyatomic ion?
7.1 NOTESMonatomic ions contain one atom and polyatomic ions
contain 2 or more atoms.
The charge for monatomic ions is based on the number of electrons they lose or gain to have a filled valence shell.
Some common ones are listed on p. 221.
7.1 NOTESThe charge for monatomic ions is based on the number
of electrons they lose or gain to have a filled valence shell.
Na Na1+ Mg Mg2+
Cl Cl1-
O O2-
7.1 NOTESMost transition metals can have more than one charge,
but there are two elements in the transition metals that always form the same charged ion.
Ag Ag1+
Zn Zn2+
7.1 NOTESPolyatomic ions are groups of atoms that bond
covalently, but have an overall charge, so they act as an ion when bonding.
Some of the common ones are listed on p. 226.
7.1 NOTESOxyanions contain oxygen in varying numbers.
ClO1- is hypochloriteClO2
1- is chloriteClO3
1- is chlorate ClO4
1- is perchlorate
How do you remember all of these?
7.1 NOTESNick the Camel ate Clams for Supper in
Phoenix.
The underlined letter is the element in the ion.The number of consonants is the number of
oxygens.The number of vowels is the charge.The names all end in –ate.
NO31-
CO32-
ClO31-
SO42-
PO43-
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If an element forms more than one type of ion, that must be noted using a Roman numeral for the charge.
This most often happens in the transition metals.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If an element forms more than one type of ion, that must be noted.
Cu Cu1+ or Cu2+
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If an element forms more than one type of ion, that must be noted.
Cu Cu1+ or Cu2+
copper (I) copper (II)
The common transition metals that we will use are listed on
the pink sheet.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If an element forms more than one type of ion, that must be noted.
2. Anion always comes second.If it is a monatomic ion (single element)
change the ending of the element to –ide.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If an element forms more than one type of ion, that must be noted.
2. Anion always comes second.If it is a monatomic ion (single element)
change the ending of the element to –ide.If it is a polyatomic ion use the given name.
7.1 NOTESRules for writing formulas for ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If a Roman numeral is present, it represents the charge on the cation.
7.1 NOTESRules for writing formulas for ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first
If a Roman numeral is present, it represents the charge on the cation.
2. Anion always comes second.
7.1 NOTESRules for writing formulas for ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first If a Roman numeral is present, it represents the charge on the cation.2. Anion always comes second.3. Balance the charges so that the overall charge is zero.
7.1 NOTESRules for writing formulas for ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first If a Roman numeral is present, it represents the charge on the cation.2. Anion always comes second.3. Balance the charges so that the overall charge is zero.4. If parentheses are needed to multiply polyatomic ions, use
them.
7.1 NOTESRules for writing formulas for ionic compounds:1. Cation always comes first If a Roman numeral is present, it represents the charge on the cation.2. Anion always comes second.3. Balance the charges so that the overall charge is zero.4. If parentheses are needed to multiply polyatomic ions, use
them.5. Check to make sure the lowest ratio of subscripts are used.
7.1 NOTES
ATOMS INVOLVED CATION ANION FORMULA NAME
magnesium
oxygen
zinc bromine
ammonium
sulfur
copper (II) fluorine
7.1 NOTES
CATION ANION FORMULA NAME
Ca(NO3)2
FeCl3
Ag2SO4
(NH4)3PO4
7.1 NOTES
CATION ANION FORMULA NAME
magnesium sulfate
lead (IV) oxide
cobalt (II) hydroxide
calcium acetate
7.1 NOTES
IONS QUIZ Worth 50 points Combined with “Ions Cubed” for a lab grade Memorize p. 221 and p. 226 You will have a periodic table without names
on it (only symbols) You will not have the pink sheet
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
7.1 NOTESMolecular compounds, because they can be bonded
more than one way, have different rules.
7.1 NOTESMolecular compounds, because they can be bonded
more than one way have different rules.
For instance:CO and CO2
There are different ways of naming these, and because they are not ions, Roman numerals aren’t used.
Although there is a push to use Roman numerals (Stock system) for these as well.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming molecular compounds.1. The element in the lower number group goes first, or
if in the same group, the element with the higher period number goes first. This element uses a prefix to denote the number of atoms, but never uses “mono-”. The English name is used.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming molecular compounds.1. The element in the lower number group goes first, or
if in the same group, the element with the higher period number goes first. This element uses a prefix to denote the number of atoms, but never uses “mono-”. The English name is used.
2. The second element always uses a prefix also to denote the number of atoms. A root word of the element is used along with the ending “–ide”.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming molecular compounds.1. The element in the lower number group goes first, or
if in the same group, the element with the higher period number goes first. This element uses a prefix to denote the number of atoms, but never uses “mono-”. The English name is used.
2. The second element uses a prefix also to denote the number of atoms. A root word of the element is used along with the ending “–ide”.
3. If there are multiple vowels in between the prefix and the root word, one of them is often dropped.
7.1 NOTESRules for naming molecular compounds.1. The element in the lower number group goes first, or
if in the same group, the element with the higher period number goes first. This element uses a prefix to denote the number of atoms, but never uses “mono-”. The English name is used.
2. The second element uses a prefix also to denote the number of atoms. A root word of the element is used along with the ending “–ide”.
3. If there are multiple vowels in between the prefix and the root word, one of them is often dropped.
4. When metalloids bond with nonmetals (usually the case), this system of naming is used.
7.1 NOTES
FORMULA NAME
P4O6
S2Cl2
AsCl5
ClF3
OF2
7.1 NOTES
FORMULA NAME
Phosphorous tribromide
Nitrogen monoxide
Trisulfur nonoxide
Iodine pentachloride
Tetraarsenic decoxide
7.1 NOTESWhy are acids so unique?
7.1 NOTESAn acid is a covalently bonded molecule which forms
ions.
HCl + H2O H3O1+ + Cl1-
7.1 NOTESRules for naming acids1. The anion which forms the basis of the acid is used
for the name.2. If it is a binary acid (hydrogen plus one other
element) the name is hydro_________ic acid.3. If it is an oxygen acid (hydrogen, oxygen plus one
other element) the name depends on the number of oxygen atoms present.per__________ic acid (anion is per_____ate) HClO4
__________ic acid (anion is _____ate) HClO3
__________ous acid (anion is _____ite) HClO2
hypo_________ous acid (anion is hypo____ite) HClO
7.1 NOTES
NAME FORMULA ANION ANION NAME
Sulfuric acid
Perchloric acid
Hydrofluric acid
7.1 NOTES
NAME FORMULA ANION ANION NAME
HBrO4
H2CO3
H2S
HNO3
7.1 NOTES
NAME FORMULA ANION ANION NAME
Sulfite
Nitrite
Iodide
Acetate