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Transcript of Chemical Exposure, Obesity and Diabetes in Communities of Color and Low Income Communities...
Chemical Exposure, Chemical Exposure, Obesity and Diabetes in Obesity and Diabetes in
Communities of Color and Communities of Color and Low Income CommunitiesLow Income Communities
Presentation to the Presentation to the Chemicals, Obesity and Diabetes ConferenceChemicals, Obesity and Diabetes Conference
ByByMark A. Mitchell M.D., MPHMark A. Mitchell M.D., MPH
Mitchell Environmental Health AssociatesMitchell Environmental Health AssociatesOctober 14, 2011October 14, 2011
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Thanks to the sponsorsThanks to the sponsors
Environmental Health Strategy Environmental Health Strategy CenterCenter
Colby College Environmental Colby College Environmental Studies Program Studies Program
and and Goldfarb CenterGoldfarb Center
for including this important topicfor including this important topic
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Conflict DeclarationConflict Declaration
I Have No Commercial I Have No Commercial Interests in Products or Interests in Products or
Services PresentedServices Presented
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OverviewOverview
I will present:I will present:
Definition of environmental justice Definition of environmental justice Link between EJ and obesogensLink between EJ and obesogensPrevalence of obesity in Blacks and Prevalence of obesity in Blacks and
LatinosLatinosChemical exposures in Blacks and LatinosChemical exposures in Blacks and Latinos Increased vulnerability factorsIncreased vulnerability factorsHow low income people can decrease How low income people can decrease
risksrisks
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What is Environmental What is Environmental Justice?Justice?
The U.S. Environmental Protection The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines Environmental Agency defines Environmental Justices as:Justices as: ””The fair treatment and meaningful The fair treatment and meaningful
involvement of all people regardless of involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and environmental laws, regulations, and policies.”policies.”
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What is Environmental What is Environmental Justice? Justice? ContinuedContinued
Fair treatment means that no group of Fair treatment means that no group of people, including racial, ethnic, or people, including racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic group should bear a socioeconomic group should bear a disproportionate share of the negative disproportionate share of the negative environmental consequences resulting from environmental consequences resulting from industrial, municipal, and commercial industrial, municipal, and commercial operations or the execution of federal, state, operations or the execution of federal, state, local, and tribal programs and policies.”local, and tribal programs and policies.”
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Environmental Justice is Environmental Justice is About Health About Health
Environmental Hazards Disproportionately Environmental Hazards Disproportionately Located in Low-income and Black and Latino Located in Low-income and Black and Latino NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods
Contributes to Health DisparitiesContributes to Health Disparities Environmental Injustice is Institutional Environmental Injustice is Institutional
RacismRacism EJ is about Stopping Environmental Injustice EJ is about Stopping Environmental Injustice
and Changing Environmental Policy to and Changing Environmental Policy to reduce Health Effectsreduce Health Effects
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Point Source Air Pollution Point Source Air Pollution Emissions in Connecticut 2000Emissions in Connecticut 2000
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What Does Environmental What Does Environmental Justice Have to do With Justice Have to do With
Obesogens?Obesogens?
High and disproportionate exposureHigh and disproportionate exposure
Increased vulnerabilityIncreased vulnerability
Probable increased effectsProbable increased effects
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(*BMI 30)
White non-Hispanic
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity,
NHANES 2006-2008NHANES 2006-2008
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(*BMI 30)
Hispanic
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity,
NHANES 2006-2008NHANES 2006-2008
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(*BMI 30)
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity,
NHANES 2006-2008NHANES 2006-2008Black non-Hispanic
Chemicas Obesity and Diabetes Chemicas Obesity and Diabetes Conference October 14, 2011Conference October 14, 2011
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Hispanic
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* State-specific Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity,
2006-20082006-2008White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
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Prevalence of obesity, by Prevalence of obesity, by region and race/ethnicity, region and race/ethnicity,
2006-20082006-2008Blacks had the highest prevalence, Blacks had the highest prevalence,
followed by Hispanics, and Whites followed by Hispanics, and Whites
For Blacks For Blacks − Overall prevalence of obesity—35.7%Overall prevalence of obesity—35.7%− Prevalence ranged from 23.0% (New Prevalence ranged from 23.0% (New
Hampshire) to 45.1% (Maine) Hampshire) to 45.1% (Maine)
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Summary (Cont’d)Summary (Cont’d) For Hispanics For Hispanics − Overall prevalence of obesity—28.7%Overall prevalence of obesity—28.7%− Lower prevalence was observed in Lower prevalence was observed in
the Northeast the Northeast
For Whites For Whites − Overall prevalence of obesity—23.7%Overall prevalence of obesity—23.7%− Higher prevalences were found in Higher prevalences were found in
the Midwest and Souththe Midwest and South
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Common Environmental Common Environmental Justice Issues Linked to Justice Issues Linked to
Chemical PolicyChemical PolicyLand and Solid Waste Land and Solid Waste
PollutionPollution
Landfills and DumpsLandfills and Dumps BrownfieldsBrownfields Hazardous WasteHazardous Waste Abandoned Storage Abandoned Storage
Drums of ChemicalsDrums of Chemicals PCB’s in SoilPCB’s in Soil TCE Contaminated SoilTCE Contaminated Soil
Air ToxicsAir Toxics Trash, Sewage Sludge Trash, Sewage Sludge
and Other Incineratorsand Other Incinerators Indoor air contaminantsIndoor air contaminants
Water ContaminationWater Contamination Chemical and Chemical and
Pharmaceutical Sewage Pharmaceutical Sewage ContaminationContamination
Fish Contamination with Fish Contamination with PCB’sPCB’s
Sewage Sludge Sewage Sludge Compost/PelletsCompost/Pellets
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Common Environmental Common Environmental Justice Issues Linked to Justice Issues Linked to
Chemical PolicyChemical Policy
Industrial PollutionIndustrial Pollution
RefineriesRefineries Chemical PlantsChemical Plants Plastics/Rubber Plastics/Rubber
FactoriesFactories Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical
PlantsPlants Industrial or Chemical Industrial or Chemical
Fires/Explosions/SpillsFires/Explosions/Spills
Local BusinessLocal BusinessToxinsToxins
Cement KilnsCement Kilns Agricultural PesticidesAgricultural Pesticides Toxic Release Inventory Toxic Release Inventory
(TRI) Listed Facilities(TRI) Listed Facilities
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Common Environmental Common Environmental Justice Issues Linked to Justice Issues Linked to
Chemical PolicyChemical Policy
Consumer Product ExposuresConsumer Product Exposures Discount Store Selling Toxic ToysDiscount Store Selling Toxic Toys Home PesticidesHome Pesticides Cosmetics/Personal Care ProductsCosmetics/Personal Care Products BPA in canned food and drink BPA in canned food and drink
containerscontainers Lead in tire weightsLead in tire weights Legacy lead in paintLegacy lead in paint
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Ethnic Cosmetic ToxicantsEthnic Cosmetic Toxicants
Hair relaxers:Hair relaxers: sometimes sometimes contain contain placenta placenta (linked with (linked with early puberty early puberty in children, in children, toddlers)toddlers)
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Exposure Over the Chemical Exposure Over the Chemical LifecycleLifecycle
ProductionProduction fenceline exposure, maintenancefenceline exposure, maintenance
Transportation and storageTransportation and storage accidents, fires, spillsaccidents, fires, spills
UseUse canned goods, lead tire weightscanned goods, lead tire weights
DisposalDisposal incinerators, landfills (LBW)incinerators, landfills (LBW)
LegacyLegacy PCB’s, DDT, lead based paintPCB’s, DDT, lead based paint
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VulnerabilityVulnerability
MalnutritionMalnutritionLead absorbtionLead absorbtionPBT’sPBT’s
Psychosocial stressPsychosocial stressIncome disparityIncome disparity
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What Can Low Income People What Can Low Income People Do?Do? Wash fruits and vegetables to reduce Wash fruits and vegetables to reduce
pesticidespesticides If they can’t eat organic, then low-fat foods, If they can’t eat organic, then low-fat foods,
especially milk, meats and eggsespecially milk, meats and eggs Look for hormone and antibiotic free meat Look for hormone and antibiotic free meat
and eggsand eggs Don’t microwave in plastic containers or Don’t microwave in plastic containers or
allow plastic wrap to touch hot foodallow plastic wrap to touch hot food Look for BPA-free plastic water bottles and Look for BPA-free plastic water bottles and
baby bottlesbaby bottles Don’t buy PVC plastic containersDon’t buy PVC plastic containers Eat fresh, frozen, or glass bottled rather Eat fresh, frozen, or glass bottled rather
than canned foods and drinksthan canned foods and drinks Join organizations that work on chemical Join organizations that work on chemical
policypolicy
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SummarySummary
Defined environmental justiceDefined environmental justiceLink between EJ and obesogens Link between EJ and obesogens Higher obesity rates in Blacks and Higher obesity rates in Blacks and
LatinosLatinosHigher chemical exposures in Blacks Higher chemical exposures in Blacks
and Latinosand Latinos Increased vulnerability factorsIncreased vulnerability factorsHow low income people can decrease How low income people can decrease
risksrisks
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Contact informationContact information
Mark A. Mitchell M.D., MPHMark A. Mitchell M.D., MPH
Mitchell Environmental Health Mitchell Environmental Health Associates Associates
(860) 794-9497(860) 794-9497
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Table. Prevalence of obesity, by region and race/ethnicity, 2006-Table. Prevalence of obesity, by region and race/ethnicity, 2006-20082008
Non-Hispanic whiteNon-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic blackNon-Hispanic black HispanicHispanic
Total Total
Both sexesBoth sexes 23.723.7 35.735.7 28.728.7
MenMen 25.425.4 31.631.6 27.827.8
WomenWomen 21.821.8 39.239.2 29.429.4
NortheastNortheast
Both sexesBoth sexes 22.622.6 31.731.7 26.626.6
MenMen 25.025.0 26.526.5 26.926.9
WomenWomen 20.020.0 36.136.1 26.026.0
Midwest Midwest
Both sexesBoth sexes 25.425.4 36.336.3 29.629.6
MenMen 27.027.0 32.132.1 29.729.7
WomenWomen 23.823.8 40.140.1 29.229.2
SouthSouth
Both sexesBoth sexes 24.424.4 36.936.9 29.229.2
MenMen 26.326.3 32.632.6 28.328.3
WomenWomen 22.522.5 40.640.6 29.729.7
WestWest
Both sexesBoth sexes 21.021.0 33.133.1 29.029.0
MenMen 22.122.1 34.134.1 27.327.3
WomenWomen 19.819.8 32.032.0 30.430.4