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Chemical Elements 2

UNSUR-UNSURKIMIA 2

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In this chapter we will study about :

Nitrogen and Oxygen

The Third Period Eleiments

The Fourth Period Elements

Complec Ions

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Nitrogen

Introducing

uses

Processes toobtain

nitrogen

N

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Introducing of Nitrogen

nitrogen is : 1. nonmetalllic and non toxic2. it is located at group VA of the

periodic table.3. in nature nitrogen isgaseos,colorless,odorless,andtasteless.

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The Pocesses to obtain Nitrogen

1. Membran Separation

2. liquefaction-fractional sistillation

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The uses of nitrogen and itscompounds

1. AMONIA

2. NITRIC ACID

3. NITROUS OXIDE ( uses with oxygen in

surgery as an anesthetic )

4. HYDRAZINE ( rubber and plastic industries

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OXYGEN

Introducing

Procces toobtain oxygen

uses

O

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Introducing of oxygen

Oxygen exists in our athmosfer in largeamounts approximately 21 % in volume or23,25% in mass of the atmosfer is comprised of

oxygen,in the atmosfer oxygen is secondabundant elements after nitrogen. In ocean ofapproximately 85,8% in mass of oxygen is found

and in the human boy of approximately 60% ofthe human body is comprised by oxygen.

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The proceess to obtain oxigen

Comercially oxygen is prepared throught aseries of industries proces, by :

Electrolysisi of water and The fractional destilation of liquid water.

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The uses of oxygen and its compounds

1. Breathing by humans

2. H2O

3. Hidrogen perokside ( bleaching,antiseptic )4. Oxygen is uses in a furnace at steel manufacture

process

5. ect

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The third period elements

Na MgAl Si P S C

lA

r

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THIRDPERIOD

ELEMENTS

Properties ofthird period

elements

Kind of

uses

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The properties of third period elements

a. Atomic radius

from Na to Ar will be decreasing atomic radius

b. Ionizatin Energi

from Na to Ar will be larger ionization energy

c. Oxiding and reducing powers

from Na to Cl,the oxiding power increases, whilethe reducing power decreses.

d. acid and basic properties

e. Metalic and nonmetalic properties

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The important things and uses of third periodelements

1. Aluminium ( construction ofaircraft,car,door,window and automobiles )

2. Silicon (glass, cement and pocelain )

3. Phosphorus ( re phosphorus is used in matchesindustries)

4. Sulphur ( vulcanization of rubber in tire andgunpowder industries )

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The fourth period elements

Introducing

The fourth periodtransition elements

The abudance and use of thefourth period transition elements

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Introducing

In this case the forth period elements arepotassium, calcium,scanadium,titanium,vanadium,chromium,mangannesse,iron,cobalt,nikel,copper,zinc,galium,germanium,arsenic,selenium,bromine,and krypton.

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uses

1. Scanadium usually uses in tracers.2. Titanium use as replacement for bone

3. Vanadium catalyst

4. Chomium used as apigment5. Iron

6. Cobalt used for radioisotope therapy

7. Nikel used for catalust

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Complex Ions