CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form.
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Transcript of CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form.
![Page 1: CHEMICAL BONDS How atoms combine to form different bonds How to predict what type of bond will form.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d9c5503460f94a84d9a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHEMICAL BONDSCHEMICAL BONDS
• How atoms combine to form different bonds
• How to predict what type of bond will form
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TYPES OF BONDSTYPES OF BONDSElectrons are what cause atoms to “bond.”
Two main types of bonding• IONIC bonding: atoms transfer electrons • COVALENT bonding: atoms share
electrons
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IONIC BONDSIONIC BONDS
• Held by +/- attraction
• Form ions (e- transfer) & conduct electricity
• OPPOSITE sides of Periodic Table
non-metal +
metal
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IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDING
PRACTICE: draw the formation of sodium chloride Step 1: Na + Cl Na + Cl Step 2: draw dots around the reactants Step 3: draw dots and charges around the products
sodium gives eleaving it with a full
valence orbital
chlorine gains e- leaving it with a full valence orbital
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PREDICTING IONIC BONDINGPREDICTING IONIC BONDING
Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal)Opposite sides of PT (i.e. metal + non-metal)
Big difference in Electronegativity (Big difference in Electronegativity (≥ 1.8)≥ 1.8)
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NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDSNAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
1.1. Name of 1Name of 1stst element (metal) element (metal)
2.2. Root of 2Root of 2ndnd element (nonmetal) element (nonmetal)
3.3. Root + “-ide”Root + “-ide”
LiFLiFlithium + fluorine lithium + fluorine lithium fluoridelithium fluoride
MgOMgOmagnesium + oxygen magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxidemagnesium oxide
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COVALENT BONDSCOVALENT BONDS
• Held by sharing electrons(co=together valent=valence e-)
• Does NOT conduct electricity
• Usually same side of PT non-metal + non-metal
or metal + metal
Special type of covalent is metal to metal = metallic bond
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COVALENT BONDINGCOVALENT BONDING
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PREDICTING COVALENT BONDINGPREDICTING COVALENT BONDING
Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal)Same sides of PT (non-metal + non-metal)
Small difference in Electronegativity (Small difference in Electronegativity (< 1.8)< 1.8)
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NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDSNAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS
1.1. Same as ionic (add –ide)Same as ionic (add –ide)
2.2. Add prefixes:Add prefixes: First WordFirst Word
• 1 = (understood)1 = (understood)• 2 = di2 = di• 3 = tri3 = tri• 4 = tetra4 = tetra• 5 = penta5 = penta• 6 = hexa6 = hexa
Second WordSecond Word• 1 = mono 1 = mono • 2 = di2 = di• 3 = tri3 = tri• 4 = tetra4 = tetra• 5 = penta5 = penta• 6 = hexa6 = hexa
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PRACTICE NAMINGPRACTICE NAMING
COCOCarbon monoxideCarbon monoxide
COCO22
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
SOSO22
sulfur dioxidesulfur dioxide
CClCCl44Carbon tetrachlorideCarbon tetrachloride
HH22OODihydrogen monoxideDihydrogen monoxide
SiSi55PP44 Pentasilicon tetraphosphidePentasilicon tetraphosphide
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PREDICTING BONDS USING PREDICTING BONDS USING PT & ELECTRONEGATIVITYPT & ELECTRONEGATIVITY
How can you tell if a bond is ionic or covalent? Opposite or same sides of PT (covalent = SAME) ELECTRONEGATIVITY! (the ability to attract e-)
Electronegativity difference ≥1.8 = IONIC
< 1.8 = COVALENT
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
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Bonding practice:
Na Cl
0.9 3.0
3.0
-.9
2.1 >1.8? Yes!
IONIC
Na Cl
metal non-metal
Opposite sides?
Yes! IONIC
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Bonding practice:
C Clnon-metal non-metal
Opposite side?
No!COVALENT
C Cl
2.5 3.0
3.0
-2.5
0.5 >1.8?
No! COVALENT