Technical Report

CHECKLIST OF FISHES OF THE JACQUESCOUSTEAU NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH

RESERVE AT MULLICA RIVER-GREAT BAY

Kenneth W. Able

Institute of Marine and Coastal SciencesRutgers, The State University of New Jersey

71 Dudley RoadNew Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521

This is Contribution #99-22 of the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciencesand Contribution #99-101 of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve

CHECKLIST OF FISHES OF THE JACQUESCOUSTEAU NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH

RESERVE AT MULLICA RIVER-GREAT BAY

Kenneth W. AbleMarine Field Station, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences

Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyTuckerton, New Jersey 08087-2004

IMCS Contribution #99-22NERR Contribution #99-101

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .... ........... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ 1

STUDY SITE .......... ........... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ 1

FISH FAUNA .......... ........... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... .........2

ACKNOWLEGMENTS ....... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ 3

LITERATURE CITED ......... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........ 4

TABLE 1.Checklist of saltwater and freshwater fishes in the Jacques Cousteau National EstuarineResearch Reserve at Mullica River-Great Bay.......... .......... ........... .......... ........... ...... 10

FIGURE 1.Location of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reservein southern New Jersey ......... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ...... 24

FIGURE 2.Representative physical characteristics within the Jacques Cousteau National EstuarineResearch Reserve at Mullica River-Great Bay along the coastal ocean to tidal freshwatercorridor during 1988 . ........... ...................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ...... 25

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INTRODUCTION

One of the functions of National Estuarine Research Reserves is to stimulate high-qualityresearch that will aid in the management of the coastal zone of the United States. Thispossibility is enhanced if the flora and fauna are well-known. The purpose of this paper is toprovide a detailed checklist of the fishes (elasmobranchs and teleosts) for the Jacques CousteauNational Estuarine Research Reserve at Mullica River-Great Bay in southern New Jersey. Thiseffort is part of a larger project designed to construct checklists of all the components of the floraand fauna for this relatively unaltered estuarine system (Psuty et al. 1993).

STUDY SITE

This reserve consists of over 40,500 hectares (100,000 acres) in the Mullica River-Great Bayestuary and includes a corridor of habitats ranging from tidal freshwater through oligohaline,mesohaline and polyhaline estuarine waters of this estuary and adjacent Little Egg Harbor (Fig.1, 2). Somewhat uniquely, this Reserve extends onto the inner continental shelf so as to includecoastal waters that have a strong estuarine influence. These waters are extensively studied aspart of the Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO-15) in the vicinity of Beach Haven Ridgeimmediately outside Little Egg Harbor Inlet (von Alt and Grassle 1992, Glenn et al. 1996, vonAlt et al. 1997).

The Mullica River drainage includes five major sub-basins: the Batsto River, Atsion (or Mullica)River, Sleeper Branch (or Mechesactauxin), Nescochague Creek, and Hammonton Creek. Thesejoin near the head of tidal influence near the town of Batsto, to form the mainstem Mullica River.The Mullica continues downstream from Batsto for about 34 km to enter Great Bay. Along itscourse other smaller tributaries join with the major branches including the Wading and Bassrivers. Some saltwater penetration occurs in the lower 21 km of the tidal mainstem portion of theMullica (Fig. 2). Because the sandy soils in the Mullica River drainage are low in nutrients andsoluble minerals, the surface waters are naturally low in nutrients, hardness, turbidity, anddissolved solids and pH is often low as well (Fig. 2). Downstream in the tidal portion of thesystem, water conditions are quite different as the riverine environment gradually becomesestuarine, with increased salinity and also pH (Fig. 2).

Great Bay and Little Egg Harbor are polyhaline and generally shallow (average depth at meanlow water 1.7 m; Durand 1984; Fig.1). These estuaries share many attributes with other estuariesin the Middle Atlantic Bight including a broad seasonal temperature range (Able et al. 1992; Fig.2), and moderate tidal range, from <0.7 m in Little Egg Harbor to over 1.1 m near the mouth of

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Great Bay (Chizmadia et al. 1984; Durand 1984). Dissolved oxygen is high overall in themainstem of the system with lowest values in the summer (Fig. 2) but can be quite low insubtidal habitats such as marsh creeks (Szedlmayer and Able 1993) and marsh pools (Smith andAble in review). Because the upper portion of the drainage basin is undeveloped the waterentering Great Bay is relatively clean (Good and Good 1984). Much of the 283 km of estuarineshoreline in the lower portion of the drainage basin consists of extensive Spartina alternifloramarshes (Lathrop et al. in press). These estuaries are the site of long-term environmentalmeasurements (Durand and Nadeau 1972, Durand 1988, Able et al. 1992), and are relativelyunaltered.

The National Littoral Laboratory in the vicinity of LEO-15 is centered around Beach HavenRidge (Fig. 1). The ridge, which is representative of the abundant sand ridges along the eastcoast of the U.S. (McBride and Moslow 1991) is of Holocene age (Stahl et al. 1974) and extendsnortheastward from the ebb tidal delta of Little Egg Inlet (Twichell and Able 1993). It is about 1km wide along its central and southern portions and broadens to 1.5 km at the northeastern end.It has a maximum relief of 8 m between the ridge crest and the trough on the seaward side and 4-5 m relief between the ridge crest and the trough on the shoreward side. A sidescan sonarmosaic (Twichell and Able 1993) indicates that the surficial sediments are complex andheterogenous and range from fine silts overlaying occasionally exposed clays to sandy substrateswith megaripples and large accumulations of surf clam (Spisula solidissima) shells. There arethree water masses in the vicinity of the site, based on unpublished oceanographic observationsprior to 1990 (S. Glenn, pers. comm.): 1) continental shelf waters of higher salinities (30-32‰);2) coastal water with seasonally varying salinity (27-31‰); and 3) Mullica River-Great Bayestuary water with salinities lower than coastal water. The astronomical tide is semi-diurnal,with an average tidal range of 1.2 m.

FISH FAUNA

The checklist is based on earlier extensive reviews of the fishes of New Jersey includingchecklists of saltwater fishes (Able 1992), their early life history stages (Fahay 1993) andsubsequent studies in this estuary (Able and Fahay 1998). The freshwater fishes are based on anearlier checklist (Hastings 1984). Most recently our understanding of fishes in this estuary havebeen enhanced by extensive collections by staff of the Rutgers University Marine Field Station.This current list includes 191 species in 74 families. The phylogeny and taxonomic treatmentsgenerally follow Robins et al. (1991) except where more recent treatments are reflected. Eachspecies account begins with the scientific name, author of that name, and currently used commonname following (Robins et al. 1991), designation of general distribution (marine, estuarine,freshwater) and abundance (rare, occasional, common, abundant), as well as pertinent literature

4

citations for these designations.

The fish fauna of this Middle Atlantic Bight estuary is typical of other estuaries in the region andhas been the site of extensive sampling for early stages of fishes during the last decade (Able andFahay 1998). Several descriptions of specific aspects of the fish fauna within this system havebeen published, most focusing on young-of-the-year. These include fishes in vegetated habitats(Sogard and Able 1991, 1994), marsh creeks (Rountree and Able 1992, 1993), marsh pools(Smith 1995), inlet beaches (Haroski 1998), polyhaline shores (Able et al. 1996), seasonalandhabitat patterns of use (Szedlmayer and Able 1996), ichthyoplankton and pelagic juvenilescollected near Little Egg Inlet (Witting et al. 1999), and larval and juvenile fishes of the adjacentLEO-15 study site on the Beach Haven Ridge (K. W. Able and M. P. Fahay, unpubl. observ.).The numerically dominant species are members of the families Engraulidae, Clupeidae,Fundulidae, Gobiidae, Syngnathidae, Atherinidae, and Sciaenidae. Seasonal and annualvariation in abundance of many species is pronounced.

Because our understanding of this group of diverse vertebrates is still developing, even withinthis intensively studied estuarine system (see Able and Fahay 1998), there are undoubtedly errorsor additions that can be made. Certain groups require further taxonomic work including thegerreids (mojarras), muraenids (morays), serranids (sea basses) and other tropical groups whichcommonly occur in late summer. Rare or unusual specimens from this list have been deposited inthe collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author welcomes any comments and suggestions. Earlier drafts benefitted from theassistance of Stacy Hagan and Angie Podlinski. Dorian McMillan helped to identify some of theholocentrids. This paper is Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal SciencesContribution No. 99-22 and Jacques Cousteau NERR Publication No. 99-101.

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LITERATURE CITED

Able, K. W. 1992. Checklist of New Jersey saltwater fishes. Bull. N.J. Acad. Sci. 37(1):1-11.

Able, K.W. and M.P. Fahay. 1998. The First Year in the Life of Estuarine Fishes in the MiddleAtlantic Bight. Rutgers University Press.

Able, K.W. and J.D. Felley. 1986. Geographical variation in Fundulus heteroclitus: Tests forconcordance between egg and adult morphologies. Amer. Zool. 26:145-157.

Able, K.W. and L.S. Hales. 1997. Movements of black sea bass Centropristis striata (Linnaeus)in a southern New Jersey estuary. J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol. 213(1997):153-167.

Able, K. W. and S.C. Kaiser. 1994. Synthesis of summer flounder habitat parameters. NOAACoastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 1. NOAA Coastal Ocean Office,Silver Spring, MD. 68 pp+.

Able, K. W., R. Hoden, D. A. Witting, and J. B. Durand. 1992. Physical parameters of the GreatBay-Mullica River Estuary (with a list of research publications). Rutgers UniversityInstitute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Tech. Rept. 92-06.

Able, K.W., R.E. Matheson, W. W. Morse, M.P. Fahay and G. R. Shepherd. 1990. Patterns ofsummer flounder Paralichthys dentatus early life history in the Mid-Atlantic Bight andNew Jersey estuaries. Fish. Bull. U.S. 88(1):1-12.

Able, K.W., C. Talbot and J. K. Shisler. 1983. The spotfin killifish, Fundulus luciae, is commonin New Jersey salt marshes. Bull. N.J. Acad. Sci. 28(1):7-10.

Able, K. W., K. A. Wilson and K. Heck, Jr. 1989. Fishes of vegetated habitats in New Jerseyestuaries: Composition, distribution and abundance based on quantitative sampling.Rutgers University, Center for Coastal and Environmental Studies Tech. Rept. No. 1041.

Able, K. W., D.A. Witting, R.S. McBride, R.A. Rountree and K. J. Smith. 1996 Fishes ofpolyhaline estuarine shores in Great Bay - Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey: A case studyof seasonal and habitat influences, pp. 335-353. In: Estuarine Shores: Evolution,Environments and Human Alterations. K. F. Nordstrom, and C. T. Roman (eds.). JohnWiley & Sons, Chichester, England.

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Chizmadia, P. A., M. J. Kennish, and V. L. Ohori. 1984. Physical description of Barnegat Bay.Pp. 1-28. In: Ecology of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Lecture Notes on Coastal andEstuarine Studies. M. J. Kennish and R. A. Lutz, (eds.). Springer, New York.

Durand, J. B. 1984. Nitrogen distribution in New Jersey coastal bays. Pp. 29-51. In: Ecologyof Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. M. J.Kennish and R. A. Lutz, (eds.). Springer, New York.

Durand, J. B. 1988. Field studies in the Mullica River - Great Bay estuarine system. Center forCoastal and Environmental Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, Tech Rept.

Durand, J. B and R. J. Nadeau. 1972. Water resources development in the Mullica River Basin.Part 1. Biological evaluation of the Mullica River-Great Bay Estuary. Water ResourceInstitute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.

Duval, E. J. and K.W. Able. 1998. Aspects of the life history of the seaboard goby, Gobiosomaginsburgi, in estuarine and inner continental shelf waters. Bull. NJ Acad. Sci. 43(1):5-10.

Fahay, M.P. 1992. Development and distribution of cusk eel eggs and larvae in the MiddleAtlantic Bight with a description of Ophidion robinsi n. sp. (Teleostei: Ophidiidae).Copeia 1992(3):799-819.

Fahay, M. P. 1993. The early life history stages of new Jersey’s saltwater fishes: sources ofinformation. Bull. N.J. Acad. Sci. 38(2):1-16.

Fowler, H. W. 1952. A list of the fishes of New Jersey, with off-shore species. Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Phila. 104:89-151.

Glenn, S. M., M. F. Crowley, D. B. Haidvogel, and Y. T . Song. 1996. Underwater observatorycaptures coastal upwelling events off New Jersey. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union77(25):233-236.

Good, R. E. and N. F. Good. 1984. The Pinelands National Reserve: an ecosystem approach tomanagement. Bioscience 34(3):169-173.

Haroski, D. M. 1998. Fish assemblages of inlet beaches in a southern New Jersey estuary. M.S.Thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.

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Hastings, R. W. 1984. The fishes of the Mullica River, a naturally acid water system of the NewJersey pine barrens. Bull. N.J. Acad. Sci. 29(1):9-23.

Hood, P., K.W. Able and C.B. Grimes. 1988. Biology of the conger eel (Conger oceanicus) inthe Mid-Atlantic Bight. I. Distribution, Age, growth, and reproduction. Mar. Biol.98(4):587-596.

Lathrop, R. G., M. B. Cole, and R. D. Showalter. (in press). Quantifying the habitat structureand spatial pattern of New Jersey (USA) salt marshes under different managementregimes. Wetlands Ecology and Management.

Lazzari, M.A. and K.W. Able. 1990. Northern pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus, occurrences overthe Mid-Atlantic Bight continental shelf: Evidence of seasonal migration. Env. Biol.Fishes. 27:177-185.

Levy, A., K.W. Able, C.B. Grimes and P. Hood. 1988. Biology of the Conger eel, (Congeroceanicus) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight II. Foods and feeding ecology Mar. Biol.98(4):597-600.

Matheson, R.E. 1983. Taxonomic studies of the Eucinostomus argenteus complex (Pisces:Gerreidae). Ph.D. Diss., Texas A&M University.

McBride, R.A., and Moslow, T.F. 1991. Origin, evolution and distribution of shoreface sandridges, Atlantic inner shelf, USA. Mar. Geol. 97: 57-85.

McBride, R.S. and K. W. Able. 1994. Reproductive seasonality, distribution, and abundance ofPrionotus carolinus and P. evolans (Pisces: Triglidae) in the New York Bight. Est. Coast.Shelf Sci. 38:173-188.

McBride, R.S. and K.W. Able. 1998. Ecology and fate of butterflyfishes, Chaetodon spp., in thetemperate, western north Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2):401-416.

Milstein, C.B. 1978. Sharks taken by longline in inshore New Jersey waters during 1973 and1974. Bull. N. J. Acad. Sci. 23(1):34-38.

Milstein, C.B. 1981. Abundance and distribution of juvenile Alosa species off southern NewJersey. Trans. Amer. Fish. 110:306-309.

Milstein, C.B. and D.L. Thomas. 1976a. Fishes new or uncommon to the New Jersey Coast.

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Ches. Sci. 17(3):198-204.

Milstein, C.B. and D.L. Thomas. 1976b. First record of the Cubera snapper (Lutjanuscyanopterus) for New Jersey. Bull. N.J. Acad. Sci. 21(1):13.

Milstein, C.B. and D.L. Thomas. 1977. Summary of ecological studies for 1972-1975 in thebays and other waterways near Little Egg Inlet and in the ocean in the vicinity of theproposed site for the Atlantic generation station, New Jersey. Ich. Assoc. Inc., Bull. No.18.

Morin, R. P. and K.W. Able. 1983. Pattern of geographic variation in the egg morphology ofthe fundulid, Fundulus heteroclitus. Copeia, 1983 (3):726-740.

Morse, W. W. and K.W. Able. 1995. Distribution, abundance and growth of windowpane,Scophthalmus aquosus, in the western North Atlantic. Fish. Bull. 93:675-693.

Nizinski, M.S., B.B. Collette and B.B. Washington. 1990. Separation of two species of sandlance (Ammodytes americanus and A. dubius) in the western North Atlantic. Fish. Bull.U.S. 88:241-255.

Psuty, N.P., M. P. De Luca, R. Lathrop, K.W. Able, S. Whitney and J.F. Grassle. 1993. TheMullica River - Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve: A unique opportunityfor research, preservation and management. pp. 1557-1568 In: Coastal Zone 1993, Vol.2. Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. O.T.Magoon, W.S. Wilson, H. Converse and L.T Tobin (eds.), American Society of CivilEngineers, New York.

Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea, and W. B.Scott. 1991. Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States andCanada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 20.

Rountree, R.A. and K.W. Able. 1992. Fauna of polyhaline subtidal marsh creeks in southernNew Jersey: Composition, abundance and biomass. Estuaries 15(2):171-185.

Rountree, R.A. and K.W. Able. 1993. Diel variation in decapod crustacean and fish assemblagesin New Jersey polyhaline marsh creeks. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 37:181-201.

Rountree, R.A. and K.W. Able. 1996. Seasonal abundance, growth and foraging habits of

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juvenile smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, in a New Jersey estuary. Fish. Bull. 94(3):522-534.

Rountree, R.A. and K.W. Able. 1997. Nocturnal fish use of New Jersey marsh creek andadjacent bay shoal habitats. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 44:703-711.

Smith, K. J. 1995. Processes regulating habitat use by salt marsh nekton in a southern NewJersey estuary. Ph.D. Diss. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.

Smith, K. J. and K.W. Able. (in review). Dissolved oxygen dynamics in salt pools and theeffects on fish assemblages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

Smith, W. G. 1973. The distribution of summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, eggs and larvaeof the continental shelf between Cape Cod and Cape Lookout, 1965-1966. Fish. Bull.U.S., 71(2):527-548.

Smith, W. G., J. D. Sibunka, and A. Wells. 1975. Seasonal distribution of larval flatfishes(Pleuronectiformes) on the continental shelf between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and CapeLookout, North Carolina, 1965-1966. NOAA Tech. Rept., NMFS Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish.-691.

Sogard, S.M. and K.W. Able. 1991. A comparison of eelgrass, sea lettuce macroalgae andmarsh creeks as habitat for epibenthic fishes and decapod crustaceans. Est. Coast. ShelfSci. 33:501-519.

Sogard, S.M. and K.W. Able. 1994. Diel variation in immigration of fishes and decapodcrustaceans to artificial seagrass habitat. Estuaries 17(3):622-630.

Sogard, S.M., K.W. Able and M.P. Fahay. 1992. Early life history of the tautog Tautoga onitisin the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Fish Bull. U.S. 90:529-539.

Stahl, L., J. Koczan and D. Swift. 1974. Anatomy of a shoreface connected ridge on the NewJersey shelf: implications for the genesis of the shelf surficial sand sheet. Geology 2:117-121.

Szedlmayer, S.T. and K.W. Able. 1992. Validation studies of daily increment formation forlarval and juvenile summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.49(9):1856-1862.

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Szedlmayer, S.T. and K.W. Able. 1993. Ultrasonic telemetry of age-0 summer flounder,Paralichthys dentatus, movements in a southern New Jersey estuary. Copeia1993(3):728-736.

Szedlmayer, S.T. and K.W. Able. 1996. Patterns of seasonal availability and habitat use byfishes and decapod crustaceans in a southern New Jersey estuary. Estuaries. 19(3):697-709.

Szedlmayer, S.T., K.W. Able and R.A. Rountree. 1992. Growth and temperature-inducedmortality of young of the year summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) in southern NewJersey. Copeia 1992(1):120-128.

Talbot, C. W. and K.W. Able. 1984. Composition and distribution of larval fishes in NewJersey high marshes. Estuaries. 7(4A):434-443.

Talbot, C. W., K.W. Able and J. K. Shisler. 1986. Fish species composition in New Jersey saltmarshes: Effects of alterations for mosquito control. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 115:269-278.

Twichell, D.C. and K.W. Able. 1993. Bathymetry, sidescan sonar image, and surficialgeological interpretation of the inner shelf off Little Egg Inlet, New Jersey. Misc. FieldStudies Map, MAP MF-2221, U.S. Geological Survey.

von Alt, C. J. and J. F. Grassle. 1992. LEO-15: an unmanned long term environmentalobservatory. Oceans 92, Newport Rhode Island.

von Alt, C. J., M. P. De Luca, S. M. Glenn, J. F. Grassle and D. B. Haidvogel. 1997. LEO-15:Monitoring & managing coastal resources. Sea Tech. 38(8):10-16.

Vouglitois, J., K.W. Able, R. Kurtz and K. Tighe. 1987. Life history and population dynamicsof bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) in New Jersey. Trans Amer. Fish. Soc. 116(2):141-153.

Witting, D. A., K. W. Able, and M. P. Fahay. 1999. Larval fishes of a Middle Atlantic Bightestuary: assemblage structure and temporal stability. Can. J. fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:222-230.

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TABLE 1. Checklist of saltwater and freshwater fishes in the Jacques Cousteau NationalEstuarine Research Reserve at Mullica River-Great Bay

Class ELASMOBRANCHIOMORPHI (Cartilaginous Fishes)Order Lamniformes

Family Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur). Dusky shark.

Marine; common (Milstein 1978).Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo). Sandbar shark.

Marine-estuarine; abundant (Milstein 1978).Galeocerdo cuvier (Peron and Lesueur). Tiger shark.Marine; rare (Milstein 1978).

Mustelus canis (Mitchill). Smooth dogfish.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Milstein 1978; Rountree and Able1992, 1996, 1997; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks)Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus). Smooth hammerhead.

Marine; rare (Milstein 1978).Order Rajiformes

Family Pristidae (sawfishes)Pristis pectinata Latham. Smalltooth sawfish.

Estuarine; rare (Fowler 1952).Family Rajidae (skates)

Raja eglanteria Bosc. Clearnose skate.Marine; abundant (Rountree and Able 1992; Able and Fahay1998).

Raja erinacea (Mitchill). Little skate.Marine; abundant (RUMFS unpubl. data).

Class OSTEICHTHYES (Bony Fishes)Order Elopiformes

Family Elopidae (tarpons)Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ladyfish.

Estuarine-marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Order Albuliformes

Family Albulidae (bonefishes)Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Bonefish.

Estuarine-marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

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Order AnguilliformesFamily Anguillidae (freshwater eels)

Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur). American eel.Estuarine; abundant (Able et al. 1989; Able et al. 1996; Able andFahay 1998).

Family Muraenidae (morays)Gymnothorax sp.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Ophichthidae (snake eels)

Myrophis ocellatus (Lesueur). Goldspotted eelMarine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Myrophis punctatus Lütken. Speckled worm eel.Marine-estuarine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Ophichthus gomesi (Castelnau). Shrimp eel.Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Congridae (conger eels)Conger oceanicus (Mitchill). Conger eel.

Marine-estuarine; common (Hood et al. 1988; Levy et al. 1988;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Order ClupeiformesFamily Clupeidae (herrings)

Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill). Blueback herring.Freshwater-estuarine-marine; abundant (Milstein 1981).

Alosa mediocris (Mitchill). Hickory shad.Freshwater-estuarine-marine; common (Rountree and Able 1997).

Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson). Alewife.Freshwater-estuarine-marine; abundant (Milstein 1981;

Able et al. 1996).Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). American shad.

Freshwater-estuarine-marine; status unknown (Milstein 1981;Hastings 1984).

Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Atlantic menhaden.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Able et al. 1996; Rountree and Able1997; Able and Fahay 1998).

Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Atlantic herring.Marine; common (Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayer and Able1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur). Gizzard shad.

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Freshwater-estuarine; common (Szedlmayer and Able 1996).Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur). Atlantic thread herring.

Marine-estuarine; rare (RUMFS unpubl. data).Sardinella aurita Valenciennes. Spanish sardine.

Marine-estuarine; occasional (Rountree and Able 1992; Able et al.1996).

Family Engraulidae (anchovies)Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus). Striped anchovy.

Marine; common (Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayer and Able1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes). Bay anchovy.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Vouglitois et al. 1987; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Engraulis eurystole (Swain and Meek). Silver anchovy.Marine-estuarine; occasional (Able et al. 1996, Able and Fahay1998).

Order CypriniformesFamily Cyprinidae (carps and minnows)

Carassius auratus (Linnaeus). Goldfish.Freshwater; rare (Hastings 1984).

Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. Common carp.Freshwater; rare (Hastings 1984).

Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill). Golden shiner.Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).

Notropis chalybaeus (Cope). Ironcolor shiner.Freshwater; status unknown (Hastings 1984).

Notropis hudsonius (Clinton). Spottail shiner.Freshwater; rare (Hastings 1984).

Family Catostomidae (suckers)Catostomus commersoni (Lacepède). White sucker.

Freshwater; occasional (Hastings 1984).Erimyzon oblongus (Mitchill). Creek chubsucker.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Order Siluriformes

Family Ictaluridae (bullhead catfishes)Ameiurus catus (Linnaeus). White catfish.

Freshwater; common (Hastings 1984).Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur). Yellow bullhead.

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Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur). Brown bullhead.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Noturus gyrinus (Mitchill). Tadpole madtom.

Freshwater; common (Hastings 1984).Order Salmoniformes

Family Esocidae (pikes)Esox americanus Gmelin. Redfin pickerel.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Esox niger (Lesueur). Chain pickerel.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Family Umbridae (mudminnows)

Umbra pygmaea (DeKay). Eastern mudminnow.Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).

Family Salmonidae (trouts)Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Rainbow Trout.

Freshwater; introduced-maintained by stocking (Hastings 1984).Freshwater; introduced-maintained by stocking (Hastings 1984).

Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook trout.Freshwater; introduced-maintained by stocking (Hastings 1984).

Order AulopiformesFamily Synodontidae (lizardfishes)

Synodus foetens (Linnaeus). Inshore lizardfish.Estuarine-marine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a;Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al.1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Trachinocephalus myops (Forster). Snakefish.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; RUMFS unpubl. data).

Order PercopsiformesFamily Aphredoderidae (pirate perches)

Aphredoderus sayanus (Gilliams). Pirate perch.Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).

Order GadiformesFamily Gadidae (cods)

Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus). Fourbeard rockling.Marine-estuarine; occasional (Able and Fahay 1998).

Gadus morhua Linnaeus. Atlantic cod.

15

Marine (Able and Fahay 1998).Pollachius virens (Linnaeus). Pollock.

Estuarine-marine; juveniles common (Rountree and Able 1992;Able and Fahay 1998).

Urophycis chuss (Walbaum). Red hake.Marine-estuarine; common (Able and Fahay 1998).

Urophycis regia (Walbaum). Spotted hake.Marine-estuarine; abundant (Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able andFahay 1998).

Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill). White hake.Marine; occasional (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family MerlucciidaeMerluccius bilinearis (Mitchill). Silver hake.

Marine; abundant (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Ophidiidae (cusk-eels)

Ophidion marginatum (DeKay). Striped cusk-eel.Estuarine-marine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able et al.1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Ophidion robinsi Fahay. Checkered cusk-eel.Marine; rare (Fahay 1992).

Ophidion welshi (Nichols and Breder). Crested cusk-eel.Marine, rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Order BatrachoidiformesFamily Batrachoididae (toadfishes)

Opsanus tau (Linnaeus). Oyster toadfish.Estuarine; abundant (Able et al. 1989; Sogard and Able 1991;Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Order LophiiformesFamily Lophiidae (goosefishes)

Lophius americanus Valenciennes. Goosefish.Marine; rare (RUMFS unpubl. data).

Order AtheriniformesFamily Exocoetidae (flyingfishes)

Hyporhamphus meeki Banford and Collette. Silverstripe halfbeak.Estuarine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Belonidae (needlefishes)

16

Strongylura marina (Walbaum). Atlantic needlefish.Marine-estuarine; common-summer (Rountree and Able 1992;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family CyprinodontidaeCyprinodon variegatus Lacepède. Sheepshead minnow.

Estuarine; abundant (Talbot and Able 1984; Talbot et al. 1986;Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Family Fundulidae (killifishes)Fundulus diaphanus (Lesueur). Banded killifish.

Freshwater-estuarine; common (Hastings 1984; Talbot et al. 1986).Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus). Mummichog.

Estuarine; abundant (Morin and Able 1983; Able and Felley 1986;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Fundulus luciae (Baird). Spotfin killifish.Estuarine; common (Able et al. 1983; Talbot and Able 1984;Talbot et al. 1986; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Fundulus majalis (Walbaum). Striped killifish.Estuarine; abundant (Able et al. 1989; Rountree and Able 1992;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Lucania parva (Baird and Girard). Rainwater killifish.Estuarine; common (Talbot and Able 1984; Talbot et al. 1986;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Atherinidae (silversides)Membras martinica (Valenciennes). Rough silverside.

Estuarine-marine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Ableand Fahay 1998).

Menidia beryllina (Cope). Inland silverside.Freshwater-estuarine; abundant (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Menidia menidia (Linnaeus). Atlantic silverside.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Order BeryciformesFamily Holocentridae (squirrelfishes)

Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck). SquirrelfishEstuarine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).

17

Neoniphon marianus (Cuvier). Longjaw squirrelfishEstuarine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).

Sargocentron bullisi (Woods). Deepwater squirrelfishEstuarine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).

Order GasterosteiformesFamily Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)

Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill). Fourspine stickleback.Estuarine; common (Talbot et al. 1986; Szedlmayer and Able1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. Threespine stickleback.Estuarine; common (Talbot et al. 1986; Rountree and Able 1992;Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Gasterosteus wheatlandi Putnam. Blackspotted stickleback.Estuarine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus). Ninespine stickleback.Freshwater-marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Fistulariidae (cornetfishes)Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus. Bluespotted cornetfish.

Marine; rare. (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses)

Hippocampus erectus Perry. Lined seahorse.Estuarine-marine; common in summer and fall (Rountree and Able1992; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Syngnathus fuscus Storer. Northern pipefish.Estuarine; abundant (Lazzari and Able 1990; Szedlmayer and Able1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Syngnathus pelagicus Linnaeus. Sargassum pipefish.Marine; rare (Fowler 1952).

Order ScorpaeniformesFamily Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes and rockfishes)

Scorpaena plumieri Bloch. Spotted scorpionfish.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Family Triglidae (searobins)Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Northern searobin.

Marine-estuarine; abundant (McBride and Able 1994; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus). Striped searobin.

18

Marine-estuarine; abundant (McBride and Able 1994; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Rountree and Able 1997; Ableand Fahay 1998).

Family Cottidae (sculpins)Myoxocephalus aenaeus (Mitchill). Grubby.

Estuarine-marine; common (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Family Cyclopteridae (lumpfishes and snailfishes)Liparis inquilinus Able. Inquiline snailfish.

Marine; rare (RUMFS unpubl. data).Order Perciformes

Family Percichthyidae (temperate basses)Morone americana (Gmelin). White perch.

Estuarine-freshwater; abundant (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Striped bass.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Serranidae (sea basses)Centropristis striata (Linnaeus). Black sea bass.

Marine-estuarine; abundant (Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able etal. 1996; Able and Hales 1997; Able and Fahay 1998).

Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes). Red grouper.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook). Warsaw grouper.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes). Snowy grouper.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able and Fahay 1998).

Epinephelus striatus (Bloch). Nassau grouper.Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean). Gag.Marine-estuarine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Ableand Fahay 1998).

Family Centrarchidae (sunfishes)Acantharchus pomotis (Baird). Mud sunfish.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Ambloplites rupestris (Rafinesque). Rock bass.

19

Freshwater; status unknown (Hastings 1984).Enneacanthus chaetodon (Baird). Blackbanded sunfish.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook). Bluespotted sunfish.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Enneacanthus obesus (Girard). Banded sunfish.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Lepomis auritus (Linnaeus). Redbreast sunfish.

Freshwater; rare (Hastings 1984).Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus). Pumpkinseed.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque. Bluegill.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède. Smallmouth bass.

Freshwater; introduced-status unknown (Hastings 1984).Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède). Largemouth bass.

Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur). Black crappie.

Freshwater; rare (Hastings 1984).Family Percidae (perches)

Etheostoma fusiforme (Girard). Swamp darter.Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).

Etheostoma olmstedi Storer. Tessellated darter.Freshwater; abundant (Hastings 1984).

Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow perch.Freshwater; occasional (Hastings 1984).

Family Apogonidae (cardinalfishes)Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey). Dusky cardinalfish.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Pomatomidae (bluefishes)

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Bluefish.Marine-estuarine; abundant (Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Rountree and Able 1997; Ableand Fahay 1998).

Family Rachycentridae (cobias)Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus). Cobia.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able et al. 1996).

20

Family Carangidae (jacks and pompanos)Caranx crysos (Mitchill). Blue runner.

Marine; occasional-summer and fall (Milstein and Thomas 1976a;Able and Fahay 1998).

Caranx hippos (Linnaeus). Crevalle jack.Marine; common in summer and fall (Rountree and Able 1992;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier). Mackerel scad.Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).

Decapterus punctatus (Cuvier). Round scad.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch). Bigeye scad.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Selene setapinnis (Mitchill). Atlantic moonfish.Marine: occasional-summer (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Selene vomer (Linnaeus). Lookdown.Typically marine; occasional-summer (Milstein and Thomas1976a; Able et al. 1996).

Seriola zonata (Mitchill). Banded rudderfish.Marine; occasional-summer (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able andFahay 1998).

Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Florida pompano.Marine; common-summer (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able andFahay 1998).

Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus). Permit.Estuarine-marine; common-summer (Milstein and Thomas 1976a;Able et al. 1996).

Trachurus lathami Nichols. Rough scad.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Family Lutjanidae (snappers)Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier). Cubera snapper.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976b).Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus). Gray snapper.

Marine-estuarine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a;Rountree and Able 1992; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Gerreidae (mojarras)This group of fishes are possibly diverse in New Jersey waters

21

(Able 1992) but the taxonomic difficulties are considerable(Matheson 1983) and require much more study. These fishes arerare to occasional within the Reserve.

Family Haemulidae (grunts)Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus). Pigfish.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Sparidae (porgies)

Diplodus holbrooki (Bean). Spottail pinfish.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). Pinfish.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able and Fahay 1998).

Stenotomus chrysops (Linnaeus). Scup.Marine-estuarine; common (Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able andFahay 1998).

Family Sciaenidae (drums)Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède). Silver perch.

Estuarine-marine; common (Able et al. 1996; Szedlmayer andAble 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier). Spotted seatrout.Estuarine-marine; rare (Fowler 1952).Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider). Weakfish.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Rountreeand Able 1997; Able and Fahay 1998).

Larimus fasciatus Holbrook. Banded drum.Estuarine-marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède. Spot.Estuarine-marine; common-abundant (Rountree and Able 1992;Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Rountree and Able1997; Able and Fahay 1998).

Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus). Southern kingfish.Estuarine-marine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch and Schneider). Northern kingfish.Estuarine-marine; common. (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus). Atlantic croaker.Estuarine-marine; common (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus). Black drum.

22

Estuarine-marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Family Mullidae (goatfishes)

Mullus auratus Jordan and Gilbert. Red goatfish.Marine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).

Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch). Spotted goatfish.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).

Family Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes)Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus. Foureye butterflyfish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able and Fahay 1998;McBride and Able 1998).

Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch. Spotfin butterflyfish.Marine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able et al. 1996;Able and Fahay 1998; McBride and Able 1998).

Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes)Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus). Sergeant major.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).Family Mugilidae (mullets)

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Striped mullet.Marine-estuarine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able andFahay 1998).Mugil curema Valenciennes. White mullet.Marine-estuarine; abundant (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Rountreeand Able 1992; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Sphyraenidae (barracudas)Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum). Great barracuda.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Sphyraena borealis DeKay. Northern sennet.Marine-estuarine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Rountreeand Able 1992; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Polynemidae (threadfins)Polydactylus octonemus (Girard). Atlantic threadfin.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).Family Labridae (wrasses)

Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus). Tautog.Marine-estuarine; abundant (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Sogardand Able 1991; Sogard et al. 1992; Szedlmayer and Able 1996;Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

23

Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). Cunner.Marine-estuarine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able etal. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Stichaeidae (pricklebacks)Lumpenus lumpretaeformis (Walbaum). Snakeblenny.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a).Lumpenus maculatus (Fries). Daubed shanny.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer). Radiated shanny.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Family Pholidae (gunnels)

Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus). Rock gunnel.Marine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able and Fahay1998).

Family Uranoscopidae (stargazers)Astroscopus guttatus Abbott. Northern stargazer.Marine-estuarine; occasional (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Family Blenniidae (combtooth blennies)Chasmodes bosquianus (Lacepède). Striped blenny.Estuarine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able andFahay 1998).

Hypleurochilus geminatus (Wood). Crested blenny.Marine-estuarine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Hypsoblennius hentz (Lesueur). Feather blenny.Estuarine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Able andFahay 1998).

Family Ammodytidae (sand lances)Ammodytes americanus DeKay. American sand lance.

Marine-estuarine; abundant (Nizinski et al. 1990; Able and Fahay1998).

Ammodytes dubius Reinhardt. Northern sand lance.Marine; abundant (Nizinski et al. 1990; based on ANSPcollections).

Family Gobiidae (gobies)Gobionellus boleosoma (Jordan and Gilbert). Darter goby.

24

Estuarine-marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Rountree andAble 1992; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Gobionellus oceanicus (Pallas). Highfin goby.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Gobiosoma bosc (Lacepède). Naked goby.Estuarine; abundant (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Sogard and Able1991; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).Gobiosoma ginsburgi Hildebrand and Schroeder. Seaboard goby.Estuarine-marine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Duvaland Able 1998; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Microdesmidae (wormfishes)Microdesmus longipinnis (Weymouth). Pink wormfish.

Marine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).Family Scombridae (mackerels and tunas)

Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. Chub mackerel.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able and Fahay 1998).

Scomber scombrus Linnaeus. Atlantic mackerel.Marine; abundant (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able and Fahay1998).

Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill). Spanish mackerel.Marine; occasional (Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Stromateidae (butterfishes)Hyperoglyphe perciformis (Mitchill). Barrelfish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Peprilus alepidotus (Linnaeus). Harvestfish.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Peprilus triacanthus (Peck). Butterfish.

Marine-estuarine; abundant (Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).

Order PleuronectiformesFamily Bothidae (lefteye flounders)

Bothus robinsi Topp and Hoff. Twospot flounder.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).

Citharichthys gymnorhinus Gutherz and Blackman. Anglefin whiff.Marine; rare (RUMFS, unpubl. data).

Citharichthys spilopterus Günther. Bay whiff.Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able and Fahay 1998).

Etropus crossotus Jordan and Gilbert. Fringed flounder.

25

Marine-estuarine; rare (Able et al. 1996).Etropus microstomus (Gill). Smallmouth flounder.

Estuarine-marine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Sogardand Able 1991; Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Ableand Fahay 1998).

Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill). Fourspot flounder.Marine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus). Summer flounder.Estuarine-marine; abundant (Smith 1973; Able et al. 1990;Szedlmayer and Able 1992, 1993, 1996; Szedlmayer et al. 1992;Able and Kaiser 1994; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill). Windowpane.Marine-estuarine; abundant (Smith et al. 1975; Morse and Able1995; Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able andFahay 1998).

Family Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linnaeus). Witch flounder.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Limanda ferruginea (Storer). Yellowtail flounder.

Marine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Winter flounder.

Estuarine-marine; abundant (Rountree and Able 1992; Szedlmayerand Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Soleidae (soles)Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider). Hogchoker.Estuarine; common (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Szedlmayer andAble 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay 1998).

Family Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes)Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus). Blackcheek tonguefish.

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Order Tetraodontiformes

Family Balistidae (leatherjackets)Aluterus schoepfi (Walbaum). Orange filefish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Able and Fahay 1998).Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck). Scrawled filefish.

26

Marine; rare (Able and Fahay 1998).Balistes capriscus Gmelin. Gray triggerfish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus). Planehead filefish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977; Rountree and Able1992).

Family Ostraciidae (boxfishes)Lactophrys quadricornis (Linnaeus). Scrawled cowfish.

Marine; rare (Milstein and Thomas 1977).Family Tetraodontidae (puffers)

Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum). Striped burrfish.Marine; occasional (Milstein and Thomas 1976a; Rountree andAble 1992, Able and Fahay 1998).Sphoeroides maculatus (Bloch and Schneider). Northern puffer.Marine-estuarine; common-summer (Milstein and Thomas 1977;Szedlmayer and Able 1996; Able et al. 1996; Able and Fahay1998).