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Transcript of CHE 3115 and CHE - 4115 Chemical Engineering...
Florida Institute of Technology
College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
CHE – 3115 and CHE - 4115
Chemical Engineering Processes
Laboratory - Manual
Fall Semester 2017
by
Maria Pozo de Fernandez, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor in Chemical Engineering
ChE Processes Laboratory - Instructor
Florida Institute of Technology College of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department ________________________________________________________________________
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Fall Semester 2017
1
MEMORANDUM
TO: Students registered in CHE-3115, ChE Processes Lab. I
Fall Semester 2017
FROM: Maria Pozo de Fernandez, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Processes Laboratory Coordinator and Instructor
CC: Victoria Cowdrick
ChE Processes Lab I, Graduate Student Assistant, Fall Semester 2017
Subject: Welcome to the ChE Processes Lab. I!
Date: August 29th, 2017
Welcome to the ChE Processes Lab. I! This course will help you develop traits
that will prove to be essential on your development as a professional, such as
communication skills, time management, teamwork, “hands-on” experimental skills, and
technical skills.
The main objectives of this course are: 1. Learn to validate theory with
experiments, 2. Learn how to use different computer software packages, such as
Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), DataFit, and LabView, just to
mention a few applications, and be comfortable in the use of the computer, 3. Emphasis
in communication skills. An indirect objective of this course is to teach you about “Time
Management Skills”, since that is a tool that you will use through your professional life.
Guidelines for this course will be given to you in the introductory section and will
be reinforced through the duration of the semester. The ChE Processes Laboratory I
Manual should be used as your primary reference. If there are questions, the Instructor
and GSA are here to help you. Please, before asking for help to personnel not directly
related to this course, please direct your questions and concerns to the ChE Processes
Lab. I personnel for this semester: Victoria Cowdrick, ChE Processes Lab. GSA and Dr.
Maria Pozo de Fernandez, ChE Processes Lab. Instructor.
On behalf of the ChE Processes Lab. I personnel, let me welcome you to the lab.
We hope that your lab experience will be rewarding and useful for your success as a
future professional chemical engineer.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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1. Course Guidelines
1.1. Assignments:
A total of six experiments will be performed in this course. The students should
submit six reports, by the end of the semester. The types of reports are: short report (1),
formal report (1), team report (1) for the Filtration Hydraulics experiment, team report (1)
for the Heat Exchanger experiment, memo report (1) for Demo Experiment 1 (1), and
memo report 2 for Demo Experiment 2 (1) Guidelines for each report type are given in a
different section of this manual. The written reports should be submitted as a “hard
copy”. Reports sent via email will not be accepted, unless advised differently.
In each lab section, students are divided in groups of three/four students and a
maximum of six groups are allowed per laboratory section. The idea is to promote
discussion and interaction with the Instructor and the lab assistant, and to facilitate
teamwork. For the first experiment performed a short report will be presented.
Students are advised to read the ChE Processes Lab. I Manual
and any other reference material indicated for the experiment
to be performed, BEFORE the beginning of each experiment.
Each student should have a ChE Processes Lab. I notebook to record all the data
and keep any other information relevant to the experimental work performed during the
semester. The data should be recorded using only the front page of the page. At the end
of the laboratory session, the Instructor/Lab Assistant will sign all the data pages. Copies
of the data will be made and distributed to the group teammates before ending the lab
session.
Each group should prepare a laboratory data sheet prior starting any experiment.
The person assigned as “Data Manager” for that day, should be responsible to present a
coherent lab data-sheet for the experiment to be performed. It is encouraged that the
group tries to prepare a complete and detailed data sheet as possible, since this will help
them to think about the tasks to be performed in the lab. The “data manager” should
record in the lab notebook all the data and any other pertinent information
obtained/observed during the experiment. It is best to have more information to work
with, than to lack information. Omitting relevant information will translate in performing
the experiment all over again! The instructor and lab assistant will not be happy in
providing the means to repeat a lab, if this happens due to your lack of preparation!
The students will take a written quiz before starting the experiments. The quiz
content will be related to the reading material and experimental procedures for the
experiment of the day. The Instructor/Lab. Assistant will also ask oral questions related
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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to the experimental procedures, safety guidelines, assigned reading material, to ensure
that the team is prepared to perform the lab.
Students that have not read the ChE Processes Lab. I Manual
before coming to the lab, and have absolutely no idea of the
experimental tasks to be performed that day, will not be
allowed to perform the experiment of the day. This measure is
necessary not only for your own protection, but also, to protect
the equipment and fellow students.
1.2. Attendance:
Students registered in this course are expected to attend ALL
laboratory sessions without exception and to perform ALL the
assigned experiments. Attendance is mandatory.
If for a justified reason you miss a lab session, please refer to
the “make-up lab” section of this manual.
1.3. Dress Code:
The students will be required to wear a lab coat or a lab apron while performing
the experiments. Eye protection will also be required. It is recommended to use socks
and comfortable closed shoes, such as, sneakers. It will be preferable that the students
wear jeans or long pants and a T-shirt. Sandals, open-toed shoes, tube tops, tank tops,
spaghetti straps, short skirts, “low-riding” pants, and short shorts will not be
permitted in the lab. A teaching laboratory is not the place to make a “fashion
statement”.
For safety reasons students will not be accepted in the
laboratory premises wearing sandals or open toed shoes. Tube
tops, tank tops, spaghetti straps, short skirts, short shorts, and
“low-riding” pants, will not be permitted in the lab. Show
professionalism in the laboratory.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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1.4. Individual Learning versus Study Groups:
The students will perform the experiments as a team, but some lab reports
are individual. Each student will be required to submit a separate report for the same
experiment. The Instructor is not opposed to study groups, and that members of the team
help each other in understanding how to perform any given calculation(s) to be
performed for a specific lab. A study group is a good learning tool if that helps the
individual to learn.
It is assumed that all the individuals in a particular study group will participate in
the discussions, calculations, etc., and that the final result (a lab report, in this
particular case) should represent the effort of each individual.
The Instructor is OPPOSED that students share and/or copy
from past and/or present reports spreadsheets with already
performed calculations, diagrams, graphs, discussion of results,
conclusions, P&IDs, or any other information concerning the lab
reports.
Please refer to the explanation of “plagiarism” and Code of
Ethics of the Chemical Engineering Department.
First Offense: If a student is caught for the first time copying
from a past/present report, the student will receive zero in that
particular report.
Second Offense: If a student is caught copying for the
second time from a past/present report, the student
automatically will earn an “F” in this course and will be
reported for disciplinary action. The offense will be recorded in
the student’s permanent records.
In all reports the students will need to use different computer software, such as,
spreadsheets, graphics, word processing, etc., to generate graphs, tables , manipulate data,
etc. The software selection is left at the discretion of the student, although, it is
recommended for this course to be familiar with the Microsoft Office software (Word,
Excel, PowerPoint) and DataFit.
At this point in your career, you should be familiar and comfortable in the usage
of software packages. Use them to your advantage. In the long run, they will make your
job easier. One of the objectives of this course is to get the student acquainted with the
different types of report presentation. Soon you will be working in a professional
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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environment and the skills you learn in this course will be very useful for your
professional development.
Do not think for a minute that your report will not be read carefully. Your report
will also be compared to other reports to determine its integrity. Copying or using the
same database for graphs, tables, diagrams, etc. generated by someone else, it is against
the rules of this course. Each student should generate his/her own database, spreadsheets,
graphs, etc. If you use/copy someone else’s database, that is cheating. By copying
someone’s work you are not learning, and in the long run your performance in this course
will not be satisfactory. First, you should learn to be honest with yourself.
If you do not understand the assignment, the Instructor/Lab Assistant are always
willing to help you, to clarify concepts and answer any questions pertinent to the
experiments. Asking for the Instructor/Lab Assistant’s help is expected in this course.
Any question, no matter how simple or obvious, it is always important.
Please, do not wait until the last minute to start working on
your report or to ask questions about calculations,
presentation, etc. Allow yourself time!
The second week of each experiment is called “Calculation
Day”. Students should bring their sample calculations, including
all the calculations needed for the specific experiment, a rough
draft of the graphs, tables, diagrams, etc. It is not mandatory
to attend the lab on the “Calculation Day”, but we encourage
students to take advantage of this opportunity to make sure
your calculations are in the right track.
1.5. Late Reports:
Reports are due at the beginning of the lab period on the assigned day, and
should be handed-in to the Instructor/Lab Assistant. Late reports are accepted but
there is a 5% penalty per day late, including weekends. If a report is submitted after class,
on the same day it was due, it will be accepted with a 5% grade penalty. Reports
submitted the following day will be accepted with a 5% grade penalty. Reports submitted
two days late will be accepted with a 10% grade penalty. Reports submitted three days
late will be accepted with a 15% grade penalty. Late reports beyond three days will
accrue the 5% penalty, including weekends. All reports should be submitted in order to
pass this course. Being absent the day of the Lab will not exempt you from this rule.
In the past, students have asked to have an “Incomplete Grade” in this course,
based on a myriad of reasons. This option will not be accepted in this course, unless
there is a justified reason, such as, a serious illness, hospitalization, or any other similar
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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circumstance. Your lack of planning will not be accepted as an excuse. If any other
problem arises during the semester, this will be discussed and resolved on a case-to-case
basis.
Late reports should be handed-in directly to Dr. Pozo de
Fernandez or given to Ms. Liz Kyle at the ChE Department
Office. She will stamp the day the report was submitted and put
it in my mailbox. The Instructor will not accept late Lab reports
left under her office door or at the lab.
The instructor will only count your report as “handed-in” when
given directly to her, unless other prior arrangements were
made ahead of time.
1.6. Make-Up Lab:
If for a justified reason you cannot attend a lab session, please inform the ChE
Processes Lab personnel ASAP! You were given all the numbers we can be reached!
Students in your group will depend on you to perform the experiment. In groups of two
students, your absence can be critical! Please call to the numbers already provided and
leave a message to the Instructor/Lab Assistant in the event you cannot attend a lab
session of the day. Send an email to the instructor, with copy to the lab assistant
explaining your absence. It is the responsibility of the student to arrange a make-up time
of the missed lab period ASAP.
As it has been previously stated, each student has to perform all the lab
experiments in order to pass this course. In an event of a serious illness, accident,
hospitalization, varsity team obligations, or other justified reasons, other alternatives will
be considered. Please, talk to your Instructor to plan ahead.
Even if you have a justified reason to miss a laboratory session,
you are still responsible to submit your report on time! Late
report penalties will accrue!
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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2. Instructor’s Personal Policy:
2.1. Extra Credit:
Asking to do “extra credit” to improve the grade in this course will not be granted,
then please, do not ask for it.
2.2. Course Grading:
In the syllabus given for this semester the grading of the course has been
specified. In order to pass this course each student should submit a total of six reports.
The Instructor and Lab Assistant will give feed-back to the student on how to improve
the written report presentation, point out where improvement is needed, and point out any
other areas where there is a need for improvement in order to help the student to perform
at his/her best in this course.
Reports will be shown to the student, once a cycle of experiments has been
finished and ALL the reports for that particular cycle has been handed-in to the
instructor. Students will be able to see their reports once they are graded but they won’t
be handed back to the student. The quizzes taking prior each experiment will not be
handed back to the students, but the students will be able to see their quizzes and discuss
the outcome with the Instructor.
Lab grades will not be discussed during the laboratory session.
If it is necessary, the Instructor will call for a “conference”
between the Instructor and the student. Certain matters will
only be discussed between the student and the Instructor in the
privacy of her office. If there is a matter that needs immediate
attention, or if there is a constructive criticism to be made, or
anything else that needs to be discussed related to the ChE
Processes Lab, please bring it to the Instructor’s attention at
your earliest convenience, but not during the lab session.
The Instructor pride herself to work with her students in a
professional manner, with courtesy and respect. The Instructor
will do her best in trying to find solutions to any given problem
with an open mind in an amicable way. The Instructor is
receptive to the students’ constructive criticism and
suggestions if they are brought to her attention with respect
and courtesy. The Instructor does not make distinction among
her students; she treats them all with respect and
consideration. The Instructor expects to be treated in the same
manner by all the students.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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2.3. Office Hours:
2.3.1. Instructor’s Office Hours:
The Instructor has posted six hours per week for Office Hours as given in the
course syllabus. If the posted Instructor’s Office Hours for this semester are not
convenient for your particular schedule, please make an appointment with her for some
other time. You could also reach her via email. The Instructor will try her best to
respond to your message promptly. If she answers to your question(s) responding to your
email during the night or during the weekend, please realize that this is a very kind
gesture on her part. She is not required to do that. The Chemical Engineering
Department has an “Open Door Policy” for all students. If the Instructor is at her office,
she will gladly welcome you.
Please, realize that the Instructor’s activities during any given semester are not
exclusively related to this course. Sometimes the Instructor will have scheduled meetings
at her office hours, to accommodate other people’s schedule, or due to an emergency.
Please, be understanding and considerate and try to reach her at some other time. Leave a
voice mail or email to schedule an appointment. Apply the “Golden Rule” of living.
Please, do not expect that the Instructor will answer questions
related to a lab report due the next day; if you send her an
email message the night before the report is due. Most likely
you will receive an answer, but not in the timely manner you
would wanted it. Please, plan ahead. You should aim to finish
your reports two days prior the deadline, or at the very least, a
day ahead. Develop “Time Management Skills”. You will use
them during your whole professional life!
2.3.2. Graduate Lab Assistant (GSA) Office Hours:
The GSA Office Hours are Tuesday and Thursday from 1:00 – 5:00 PM, which
coincides with the time allotted for the lab. If you need help with your report or need to
have questions answered at another time, please schedule an appointment with the GSA
during “normal” day work hours. The GSA should not be available to answer your
questions at night, late night, or during the weekends. If the posted Instructor’s Office
Hours for this semester are not convenient for your particular schedule, please make an
appointment with the GSA for some other time.
Please be considerate. The ChE Processes Lab. GSA is also a
student with obligations outside this course. Do not expect the
GSA to be available 24/7. Please, plan ahead!
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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3. Experimental Work: Performance and Organization
In this course, like in any other course preparation is a “must”. Half of the battle
is won well before the students get into the lab to perform an experiment. Organization
skills are some of the traits the students should learn once they finished this course. Each
student and his/her teammates should get organized to perform a particular experiment
BEFORE, AT and AFTER a lab session.
Students are divided in teams of three/four students. Students
will be assigned to “play” a different role in each experiment.
These roles are: Team Leader, Data Manager and Lab. Engineer.
All the students in a team should play a different role each lab.
The roles are explained as follows.
Team Leader: the student in this role should coordinate and oversee every aspect
of the experiment that he/she will be in charge. The Team Leader should distribute
responsibilities among the members of the team. This position shouldn’t be confused
with the attitude of “sit back, give orders to the rest and do nothing”. The Team Leader
will be responsible for the materials, instruments, and equipment to perform the
experiment. He/she has to sign the “Equipment Sign-Up Sheet” given by the
Instructor/GSA at the beginning of the lab session, accepting responsibility for the
materials, instruments, and equipment given. At the end of the lab session, the Team
Leader is responsible to return to the Instructor/GSA all materials, instruments, and
equipment and leave the experimental unit and its surroundings clean.
Lab. Engineer: Students in this role should be the “experts” on how to operate
the equipment to perform all the tasks for the experimental session. The student in this
role should perfectly understand what, when, and how fast the experimental work should
be done. The Lab Engineer in agreement with the team should decide how many
experimental runs to do, how many data points to take. The Lab Engineer should aim to
collect the best set of data possible. The other two members of the team should also help
in accomplishing the tasks.
Data Manager: Students in this role should prepare the experimental data sheet
for the experiment. Also, the Data Manager should find what additional properties,
property values, graphs, fluid property tables, books, manuals, etc., are needed to
evaluate the experimental data. The Data Manager should bring a calculator, utensils,
and the “Experiment Data Sheet” prepared ahead of time (not during the lab!).
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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3.1. Experimental Work – Organization:
A week before the lab:
1. Be sure to read and understand the technical aspects and operating procedures
of the experiment to be performed, before the lab session.
2. If in doubt, ask questions to the ChE Processes Lab. I personnel before the lab
session. Make an appointment with the Instructor or GSA at your earliest
convenience. (Please, do not wait to ask questions until the “lunch time
period” before the lab session starts!)
3. The Team Leader, Lab Engineer and Data Manager should understand what to
do in regards the experimental work and how to do it efficiently and on time.
Have an organizational plan in place.
The day of the lab:
1. Make sure that the attire you wear that day is appropriate for the lab.
2. Bring goggles/safety glasses and a lab coat or apron.
3. Make sure to wear proper shoes for the lab session.
No sandals, No open toed shoes, No excuses!
Think SAFETY First
The Instructor reserves the right to deny access to the
Lab premises to any student that doesn’t follow the
Laboratory dress code.
At the start of the lab session:
1. Please, be at the lab on time!
2. Take the Pre-Lab quiz. This shouldn’t take more than 15 minutes.
3. Answer the oral questions that the Instructor/GSA will ask to the team.
4. The Team Leader accepts and signs for the equipment, instruments and
materials to be used.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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During the lab session:
1. Follow the organizational plan previously made.
2. Work at a comfortable, but steady pace.
3. Make sure to write down observations even if they don’t seem as important.
4. If time permits, check the validity of the data as it is obtained. Perform key
calculations. Do not forget to check the units!
5. Make sure that ALL the required data has been properly recorded.
At the end of the lab session:
1. Make sure to turn off the equipment, close all valves, and clean the area.
2. Make sure that there are no leaks! If you find a leak, please report it to the
Instructor or to the lab GSA.
3. Return to the Instructor or lab GSA the equipment, instruments and materials.
Ask the Instructor or GSA to sign the “Equipment Sign-Up Sheet”.
4. Check the lab notebook for completeness, clarity and neatness of the data
collected. Check the data entries.
5. Ask the Instructor or GSA to sign the experiment data sheet(s).
6. Make copies of the experiment data sheet(s) for all the team members and
leave a copy with the Instructor or GSA to be place in the lab file.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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4. Safety Guidelines
The experiments in this course have been designed without using hazardous
chemicals. For your safety, please follow these guidelines:
1. ACT and BE responsible.
2. Do your part by coming prepared to the lab.
3. Do not expect your teammates to do the job for you.
4. Horseplay or jokes or any kind will not be tolerated in the lab. Try to be alert.
5. Accidents can happen to anyone. If you are tired, please step out the lab for few
minutes and take a break.
6. Visitors are NOT permitted in the laboratory. Avoid distractions.
7. NO Smoking, NO drinking, NO eating in the lab premises. NO exceptions!
8. Doing homework or assignments for other courses during the lab session will not
be permitted. Time is precious, then try to work diligently to complete the
experiment during the allocated time. (We will be happy to leave the lab early!)
9. Put your cell phone off during the lab. Texting is not permitted during the lab.
10. Label ALL sample containers with your name, date and most of all its
content, even if it is distilled water!
11. Clean up after the lab session. Do not expect the Instructor or GSA or the next
lab team to do it for you.
12. Be familiar with the exit location, safety equipment, hoods, and First-Aid kit.
13. When in doubt…… ASK!
14. Refer to the Chemical Process Laboratory Golden Rules.
15. ACT and THINK “Safety First”.
16. Practice “Good Housekeeping” procedures
Have a Safe, Productive and Enjoyable Laboratory Experience!
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5. Technical Reports
One of the objectives of this course is to familiarize the student with different
ways to present, communicate, deliver and explain the results and conclusions in a
written and oral format. It is expected from the student to accomplish this task in a
professional manner. Description of the types of reports for this course will be given in
section 5.2.
5.1. Written Reports:
Each report has its own format, but all of them should comply with the following general
rules:
1. All reports must be typed using a word processor, double-spaced, presented in
letter size white paper. Use a font size similar to “Times New Roman” 12-point
minimum as a reference. Reports written using a font smaller than that will not be
accepted.
2. Hand-written reports will not be accepted.
3. All figures, diagrams, and graphs should be generated using a software program.
4. Figures or graphs drawn by hand will not be accepted.
5. For drawing P&IDs use a software package, such as “Paint”, “Visio”, etc.
6. All tables should be neat and clear. Do not cram too much information in just one
table. Do not forget to specify units, parameters, etc. Check for significant figures.
7. If symbols or acronyms are used, please include a nomenclature table explaining
the terms.
8. A complete list of references should be included in the lab report.
9. The report should be stapled at the upper left corner. All pages should be
numbered in order.
10. Show pride in your work. Sign your work with Excellence!
A figure, diagram, and table deemed confused will be ignored.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2. Type of Written Reports:
Specifics for each type of written reports are given as follows:
5.2.1. Short Report:
One short report will be presented, worth 15% of the final grade in the course. All
sections of the report must be typed, with the exception of the appendix (sample
calculations) that could be written neatly in pen or pencil. The graph(s), table(s),
apparatus diagram, etc. has to be generated using a word processor. The software is left
at the student selection.
Short Report Format:
Title Page (see sample section 5.2.2.)
I. Introduction (10 points)
1.1. Purpose of the experiment
1.2. General diagram of the experimental apparatus.
II. Experimental Results (15 points)
2.1. Tables of experimental data
2.2. Tables of experimental results
2.3. Figures (graphs) if applicable
III. Discussion (15 points)
3.1. Accuracy and consistency of data and results
3.2. Applicability of correlations used
(Theoretical validity, internal consistency)
3.3. Agreement or disagreement with expected results
3.4. Problems encountered while performing the experiment
(if any)
IV. Conclusions (15 points)
V. Recommendations (10 points)
VII. References (05 points)
Appendix A: Sample Calculations (25 points)
Appendix B: Experimental data (as taken in the laboratory)
Appendix D, E,… etc: Include any other relevant information
Format (Presentation, neatness, organization, completeness) (05 points)
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.2. Cover page:
Use this cover page format for the Short, Formal, and Computer reports. For the team
report write the name of all the members in the team.
________________________________________________________________________
Florida Institute of Technology College of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
CHE – 3115
ChE Processes Laboratory I
Short Report # 1
(or Formal Report, or Team Report, or Computer Report)
Experiment # 1
Pipe Flow Hydraulics
Performed by: I.M. Trying
For: Dr. Maria Pozo de Fernandez
Experiment performed on: August 28th, 2017
(This is the date the experiment was done)
Date: September 2nd, 2017
(This is the “actual” date when the report is handed-in)
Team A Grade:
Partners: I. M. Clueless
I. M. Smart
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.3. Formal Report:
One formal report will be presented, which is worth 25% of the final grade in the course.
All sections of the report must be typed, with the exception of the appendix (sample calculations)
that could be written neatly in pen or pencil. The graph(s), table(s), apparatus diagram, etc., has to
be generated using a computer. The software is left at the student selection.
Formal Report Format:
Title Page (see sample, section 5.2.2.)
I. Introduction (05 points)
1.1. Purpose of the experiment
1.2. Application of this process (include one current application
in the state of Florida)
II. Equipment and Procedures (Only if different from the handout) (05 points)
2.1. Description of the apparatus
2.2. General diagram of the experimental apparatus.
2.3. Procedure:
2.3.1. Start-Up (Equipment preparation, reagents, etc)
2.3.2. Sampling Procedures
2.3.3. Clean-Up procedures (waste disposal, etc.)
III. Experimental Results (15 points)
3.1. Tables of experimental data
3.2. Tables of experimental results
3.3. Figures (graphs) if applicable
IV. Discussion (15 points)
4.1. Accuracy and consistency of data and results
4.2. Applicability of correlations used
(Theoretical validity, internal consistency)
4.3. Agreement or disagreement with expected results
4.4. Problems encountered while performing the experiment (if any)
V. Conclusions (15 points)
VI. Recommendations (05 points)
VII. References (05 points)
Appendix A: Sample Calculations (25 points)
Appendix B: Experimental data (as taken in the laboratory)
Appendix D, E,……etc: Include any other relevant information
Format (Presentation, neatness, organization, completeness) (05 points)
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.4. Memo Report (Demo Experiment 1):
One report of this kind will be presented. The main aspect of a MEMO report is that it
has to be concise, brief and to the point, without omitting any relevant information. A maximum
of two-typed pages for the cover letter and two pages for enclosures will be accepted, for a total
of four pages. Font size similar to “Times New Roman” 12-point.
Maximum of 4 pages total for this report.
Information beyond the fourth page will not be graded.
MEMO Report Format:
I. Cover Letter:
1.1. Summary (10 points)
1.2. Introduction (10 points)
1.3. Discussion (15 points)
1.4. Conclusions (10 points)
1.5. Recommendations (05 points)
II. Enclosures
2.1. Experimental procedure (10 points)
2.2. Sample Calculations (25 points)
2.3. Graph, Figures and Tables (10 points)
III. Format (05 points)
Memo Report Cover Page Sample:
MEMORANDUM
TO: Maria Pozo de Fernandez, Ph.D.
FROM: I. M. Trying
SUBJECT: Mixing Experiment
DATE: August 28th, 2017
Summary
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
./imt
enclosures
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.5. Memo Report (Demo Experiment):
One report of this kind will be presented. The main aspect of a MEMO report is that it
has to be concise, brief and to the point, without omitting any relevant information. A maximum
of one- typed page for the cover letter and one page for enclosures will be accepted, for a
maximum of two pages. Font size similar to “Times New Roman” 12-point.
Maximum of 2 pages total for this report.
Information beyond the second page will not be graded.
MEMO Report Format:
I. Cover Letter:
1.1. Summary (10 points)
1.2. Introduction (10 points)
1.6. Discussion (15 points)
1.7. Conclusions (10 points)
1.8. Recommendations (05 points)
II. Enclosures
2.1. Experimental procedure (10 points)
2.2. Sample Calculations (25 points)
2.3. Graph, Figures and Tables (10 points)
III. Format (05 points)
Memo Report Cover Page Sample:
MEMORANDUM
TO: Maria Pozo de Fernandez, Ph.D.
FROM: I. M. Clueless
SUBJECT: Mixing Experiment
DATE: August 28th, 2017
Summary
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
./imc
enclosures
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.6. Team Report:
Two team reports will be presented (Filtration Hydraulics and Heat Exchanger). Each is
worth 15% of the final grade in the course. All sections of the report must be typed, with the
exception of the appendix (sample calculations) that could be written neatly in pen or pencil. The
graph(s), table(s), apparatus diagram, etc., has to be generated using the computer. The software
is left at the student selection.
Team Report Format:
Title Page (see sample, section 5.2.2.)
I. Introduction (05 points)
1.1. Purpose of the experiment
1.2. Application of this process (include one current application
in the state of Florida)
II. Equipment and Procedures (Only if different from the handout) (05 points)
2.1. Description of the apparatus
2.2. General diagram of the experimental apparatus.
2.3. Procedure:
2.3.1. Start-Up (Equipment preparation, reagents, etc)
5.2.5. Sampling Procedures
5.2.6. Clean-Up procedures (waste disposal, etc.)
III. Experimental Results (15 points)
3.1. Tables of experimental data
3.2. Tables of experimental results
3.3. Figures (graphs) if applicable
IV. Discussion (15 points)
4.1. Accuracy and consistency of data and results
4.2. Applicability of correlations used
(Theoretical validity, internal consistency)
4.3. Agreement or disagreement with expected results
4.4. Problems encountered while performing the experiment (if any)
V. Conclusions (15 points)
VI. Recommendations (05 points)
VII. References (05 points)
Appendix A: Sample Calculations (25 points)
Appendix B: Experimental data (as taken in the laboratory)
Appendix D, E,……etc: Include any other relevant information
Format (Presentation, neatness, organization, completeness) (05 points)
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.7. Written Report Sections:
The written report consists of different sections: Introduction, Experimental
Results, Discussion of Results, Conclusions, Recommendations and Appendix.
Depending on the type of report, other sub-sections would also be required depending on
the type of report. Please, try to follow the format given below for each section in the
report.
Report Sections:
Introduction:
In this section briefly explain the purpose or objective(s) of the experiment,
whether the data followed the theoretical principles or not, and mention some industrial
applications. Do not refer to tables in the text and do not cite any reference. Also, include
a P&ID of the equipment used. The P&ID has to be generated using computer software,
such as, Windows “Paint”, Power Point, Visio, etc.
Experimental Results:
In this section show tables for the experimental data as collected, tables of
experimental data in the proper units needed for the calculations, tables of the
experimental results, show graphs applicable to the validation of the results with the
theoretical principles. Every table and graph should “stand alone”, meaning that the title
and information given should give enough information about its content. Do not cram
too much information in one table. Do not put too many tables in just one page. Put
one/two graphs per page. Acronyms and abbreviations can be used, but include a
“Nomenclature” page to translate symbols and abbreviations used. Realize that someone
else will be reading the report.
DO NOT FORGET TO SPECIFY THE UNITS USED IN THE
CACULATIONS AND CHECK FOR SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Discussion of Experimental Results:
Four different aspects of the results obtained should be addressed in the
discussion of experimental results:
Accuracy and/or consistency of data and results.
Applicability of the correlations used (theoretical validity, internal
consistency).
Agreement or disagreement with expected results.
Discussion of problems encountered while performing the experiment.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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There is no need to address all these different aspects separately as sub-sections in
the report. It is recommended to address each of them for a particular set of results
altogether. In the ChE Processes Lab it is expected that all the results obtained will not
be perfect. It is left to the student to find “Why” the experimental data is not following
the theoretical trend, “How” to fix the problem, “Where” is the problem, and if
applicable “When” it happened. Please, be innovative! Try to look for answers and do
not blame the UO Lab equipment/instruments for all the problems in the lab.
Conclusions:
In this section state whether the experimental results followed or not followed the
theoretical predictions and/or expected behavior. State whether the theoretical principles
were validated or not validated during the experiment. Please, do not put as a conclusion
“The experiment was successful”. This statement has no meaning!
Recommendations:
In this section give recommendations on how to improve the experiment,
procedure, data taking, instructions, etc. Again, be innovative and do not blame it all on
the equipment/instrumentation.
If in the suggestions for improvement it is recommended to buy a new
instrument(s), please state the advantages on implementing this and how much this will
cost to be implemented in the future.
Sample Calculations:
For all the reports in this course the sample calculations account for 25% of the
total grade on the report. For every calculation done to generate an experimental result or
an experimental set of results, a sample calculation should be stated. For the sample
calculation state clearly the equation used, the variables, unit conversions, etc. Give as
much information as possible. Do not assume that the ChE Processes Lab personnel
would be able to understand your “logic” in doing the result calculations. For repetitive
calculations just give a sample for a set of data.
Attendance to the “Calculation Day” is not mandatory, it is
highly recommended that you attend this session. You will get
help manipulating the data and getting the graphs.
References:
Enumerate ALL references used. Yes, the ChE Processes Lab Manual is a
reference. If the reference is a person, report it as it is given in the following example:
1. Maria Pozo de Fernandez, Ph.D.; Private Communication (2017)
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.8. Figures and Tables Format
Figures: Labels for the figures goes at the bottom of the figure
Figure 1: Purification Unit Schematics
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
X1, Y1
P (M
Pa)
P-x (RL)
P-y
Figure 4: Raoult's Law values for CO2(1)/n-C4(2)
+ deviation from RL
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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Tables: Labels for the tables goes at the bottom of the figure.
Table 1: Equilibrium Values for CO2 and n-butane
CO2(1)/nC4(2) Equilibrium values
T = 19.45 oC
P (MPa) X1 Y1
0.2042 0 0
0.3447 0.019 0.273
0.5171 0.043 0.512
0.6895 0.068 0.615
0.8618 0.093 0.699
1.0342 0.118 0.739
1.2066 0.144 0.782
1.3789 0.172 0.815
1.7237 0.228 0.849
2.0684 0.286 0.877
2.5786 0.381 0.904
3.1371 0.497 0.921
3.7576 0.636 0.936
4.2403 0.749 0.948
4.7229 0.854 0.962
5.1711 0.933 0.978
5.6532 1 1
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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5.2.9. Common Mistakes and Suggestions
by Spyros Nomikos, former ChE Processes Lab GSA
General:
"We, I, you" should not be used, anywhere. Write in 3rd person.
Think about what you write and what it means. Read your report a day or two
after you've finished it. (It's important to get started early!!) You will be able
to catch mistakes and misleading remarks.
Neatness is crucial. A clean, well-formatted paper looks better and gets a
better grade.
Introduction:
Give the purpose of the experiment: Why are you doing this? How? What will
you be studying?
Results are not necessary in the introduction. (It is not an abstract)
The apparatus should be drawn using some computer software, not by hand.
Make sure to include valves, pressure gauges, and other miscellaneous
instrumentation/fittings not found in your software.
Experimental Results:
Give all tables titles. (i.e. Table 1. Pressure Drop and Flowrate measurements
for Pipes 1-3)
The table title goes at the top of the table.
Make sure you label the different headers with units and what they represent.
Think about Significant Figures. (1.00 / 9.0 = 0.1111111111 according to my
calculator, but 0.11 is the value that should be reported)
Center values and headers. Do not print spreadsheet “as is”. Get rid of "Sheet
1" headers and incorrect page numbers that Excel usually prints. Also, do not
print the entire page gridlines.
Label all graphs. {i.e. Fig. 1. Pressure Drop vs. Flowrate for Pipe #1 (0.541"
internal diameter)}
Place the graph title below the graph. Plot each graph on a single page.
Look at the scale used by Excel on the axes. Make sure the significant figures
are consistent.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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The graphs should “stand alone”. That is, there should be enough information
on the graph to interpret it without the need to read through the entire lab
report.
Discussion:
Don't say, "The results agreed with theory," without first stating the
experimental results and how close they are with the theoretical calculations.
Do the trends observed from experiment follow the theoretical trends? Use
your graphs and equations to discuss this. If necessary plot the experimental
and theoretical calculations on the same graph to better evaluate the two. You
should be able to see how the experimental and theoretical values behave with
respect to each other and how close they are to each other.
Accuracy is not an abstract quantity that may be concluded without any
calculations and/or concrete data. Saying, "The results were accurate," does
not mean anything without some reference data or values to compare them to.
Saying, "The experimental data is 12% greater than that predicted by theory,"
is sufficient. Then you can go into a discussion on why the two differ by that
much.
Conclusion:
This is where you list your results by making qualitative observations from
your graphs and how they compare to theory. (i.e. "It is observed from Fig. 1
that as flowrate increases, pressure drop increases. This is also observed
according to equation 2. [ref]") You may also list your quantitative results,
(experimental and theoretical)
Recommendations:
Saying that flowrate measurements are the demise of the lab gets you
nowhere. Think about the equations and the apparatus used. What factors
from the theoretical equations significantly affect the results and how can
those be translated into physical measurements and/or equipment?
References:
Number your references.
When you use an equation or some discussion from a book, make sure you
reference it.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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Sample Calculations:
You do not have to type them, although this makes it easier to the reader.
Be as neat as you can. Define all variables and do not forget UNITS and
Significant Figures!
Make sure you account for all calculations and unit conversions.
If you are unclear on anything, please see the
ChE Processes Lab GSA or ask Dr. Pozo de Fernandez.
CHE - 3115 ChE Processes Laboratory I Manual Fall Semester 2017 ________________________________________________________________________
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Report Type
The students should submit six reports, by the end of the semester. The following are
the different types of reports are:
Short report (1)
Formal report (1)
Team report (1) for the Filtration Hydraulics Experiment
Team report (1) for the Heat Exchanger Experiment
Memo report 1 (1) for the Mixing Experiment
Memo report 2 (1) for the Filtration Hydraulics – Glass Beads
Type of Report Experiment
Short Report Pipe Flow
Reverse Osmosis
Formal Report Pipe Flow
Reverse Osmosis
Team Report Filtration Hydraulics
Team Report Heat Exchanger
Memo Report 1 (4 pages) Mixing
Memo Report 2 (2 pages) Filtration Hydraulics – Glass Beads