Chd Change

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    coronary heart

    disease

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    the heart and blood flow

    From head

    and arms

    To right lung

    From right lung

    From legs

    and feet To legs and

    feet

    Aorta to all

    parts of the

    body

    To left lung

    From left lung

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    cardiovascular disease and

    coronary heart disease

    cardiovascular disease ( CVD, heart and

    circulatory disease)

    all diseases of the heart and blood vessels(e.g stroke, congenital heart defects, valvular

    heart disease, peripheral arterial disease)

    coronary heart disease (CHD, ischaemicheart disease)

    disease of the coronary arteries due to

    atherosclerosis

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    the coronary arteries

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    atherosclerosis

    Atheroma

    Artery wall

    Blood within

    the artery

    Atheroma

    (fatty deposits)

    building up

    Fat deposits develop,

    restricting blood flow

    through the artery

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    coronary artery with

    atheroma

    Atheroma

    Coronary Artery

    with atherosclerosis

    Coronary Artery

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    atheroma

    Atheroma (fatty layer)

    Cross Section Longitudinal Section

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    angina and heart attack

    angina

    narrowed coronary

    artery

    tightness or ache inthe chest,

    breathlessness, sick

    feeling, dizziness

    comes on with

    exertion or emotion

    goes away with rest

    - usually 2-10 mins

    heart attack

    due to suddenblockage of thecoronary artery

    chest pain like aband, indigestion,breathlessness,sickness, looking pale

    comes on at any time doesnt go away - if still

    there in 15 minutes call999

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    clarifying some terms

    Heart failure the pumping action of the heart is less

    efficient, possibly caused by raised bloodpressure, heart attack, or valve defect

    Heart attack (myocardial infarction) a coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a

    blood clot

    Cardiac arrest

    the heart stops beating when it quivers orfibrillates causing the person to collapse

    Stroke an artery leading to the brain is suddenly

    blocked with a blood clot or a bleed

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    main risk factors for

    coronary heart disease

    smoking

    inactivity

    obesity and overweight

    high blood pressure

    raised blood cholesterol

    diabetes

    family history of coronary heart disease

    excessive alcohol intake

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    smoking

    Smoking aggravates thelining of the arteries andspeeds up the process ofatherosclerosis

    carbon monoxide Takes the place of

    oxygen in the blood

    nicotine Raises heart rate and

    blood pressuretransiently

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    physical inactivity

    30 minutes a day at least 5 days a weekwhich can be split into 15 minute periods

    regular, moderate intensity activity

    brisk walking, swimming, cycling, dancing,skipping, tennis, etc.

    enough to feel warm & slightly short ofbreath, but still able to hold a conversation

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    obesity

    caused by excessive calorieintake, and inactivity

    can lead to high blood

    pressure, raised bloodcholesterol levels, anddiabetes

    increases your risk of coronaryheart disease and heart failure

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    high blood pressure

    the force of blood in the

    arteries is over

    140/85mmHg

    can be lowered with

    more activity, weight

    loss, cutting salt andalcohol

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    high blood cholesterol levels

    cholesterol is a fatty substance needed forbody cells

    it is carried on proteins called low-density orhigh density lipoproteins (LDLs or HDLs)

    saturated fats can increase levels andsometimes people have inherited raisedcholesterol levels

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    diabetes

    inability of the pancreas to produceenough insulin to control blood sugarlevels

    uncontrolled blood sugar encouragesthe build up of fatty deposits within thearterial walls

    around 1.3 million people havediabetes in the UK. This may reach 2million people by 2010

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    hormone replacement

    therapy

    oestrogen in the body may improve

    cholesterol levels and may make the artery

    more elastic

    however, hormone replacement therapy has

    not shown significant protection against

    coronary heart disease

    present evidence suggests that HRT shouldnot be prescribed solely to reduce the risk

    of coronary heart disease