PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

INNOVATION & MANAGEMENT

November 30-December 2, 2011

Kitakyushu, Japan

Chief Editors

Ken Kaminishi, Geert Duysters, Arnoldo de Hoyos

Associate Editors

Deng Mingran, Ye Jianmu

Editorial Board

Alessandro Rossini, Antonio Vico Manas, Aquatias Christine,

Ard-Pieter de Man, Chen Jing, Chen Xiaohong, Dash Wu, Deng Mingran,

Diego Conti, Fernando Grisi, Hu Xiangpei, Hu Zhenhua, Irmtraut Mecke,

John Rijpma, Jiang Zhongwei, Jiang Dianchun, Josu Takala,

Kazuhiro Fukuyo, Kazuya Inaba, Ladislau Dowbor, Li Hua, Liu Xielin,

Li Yuan, Marisa Gianetti , Motonobu Kubo, Nakio Ohshima,

Nguyen Huu Phuc, Nobuo Hirohata, Rosa Alegria, Ruth Y. Lopez Trigo,

Sun Shusheng, Tomohisa Kimura, Walter Mcmanus, Vitoria C. Dib,

Wim Vanhaverbeke, Wei Jiang, Wilfred Dolfsma, Xie Kefan, Xu Lida,

Ye Jianmu, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Zhang Ding

The 8th International Conference on Innovation and Management (ICIM 2011)

Organized and Hosted by

Yamaguchi University, Japan

Co-organized by

Tilburg University, The Netherlands

Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Brazil

Wuhan University of Technology, China

Organizing Committee Chairman:

Ken KAMINISHI (Yamaguchi University, Japan) Co-Chairman:

Greet DUYSTERS (Tilburg University, The Netherlands) Arnoldo de HOYOS (Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo, Brazil) HU Shuhua（Wuhan University of Technology, P.R.China）

Executive Committee

Director: Takashi MUKOUYAMA(Yamaguchi University)

Members（Alphabet order）

CHEN Yun(Wuhan University of Technology) DENG Mingran (Wuhan University of Technology) HE Shan (Wuhan University of Technology) JIANG Zhongwei (Yamaguchi University) Kazuhiro FUKUYO (Yamaguchi University) Kazuya INABA (Yamaguchi University) Ken KAMINISHI (Yamaguchi University) Motonobu KUBO (Yamaguchi University) Naoki OHSHIMA (Yamaguchi University) NGUYEN Huu Phuc (Yamaguchi University) Sakae KAWAMURA (Yamaguchi University) Shigeyuki HARUYAMA (Yamaguchi University) Tomohisa KIMURA (Yamaguchi University) XIE Kefan (Wuhan University of Technology) YE Jianmu (Wuhan University of Technology) Yoko ISHINO (Yamaguchi University) Yoshiyuki MATSUURA (Yamaguchi University)

  ·I·

CONTENTS

Part 1

University-Industry Collaboration, Strategic Alliance, Open Innovation and Distributed Innovation

Individuals’ Power and the Learning and Innovation in Multi-stakeholder Societies on Collaborative

Platforms Powered by Digital Social Media

Chathura Prasanna Rajapakse, Takao Terano··················································································· 1

Knowledge Innovation Based on Cooperation of Industry, University and Research Institute

Xu Yebiao, Xu Fengju····················································································································· 8

Research on Hulunbeier Industry-Academia-Research Strategic Alliance in China from Governmental

Perspective

Li Qihua········································································································································ 12

Interdisciplinarity: an Impulse to Creativity and Innovation

Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda, Christine Syrgiannis, Telma Teixeira de Oliveira Almeida,

Ana Lúcia Gomes da Silva············································································································ 20

On Developing Industry-Academia-Research Alliance in China Based on Circular Economy

Li Lvcheng···································································································································· 26

Research on Building the Long-term Sustainability Strategic Alliances

Zhou Mengnong, Deng Xiaona ····································································································· 33

Study of the Process of University Technology Commercialization: the Roles and Effects of Educational

Courses

Megumi Takata ····························································································································· 37

Study on Effect of Higher Education to the Upgrading of Industrial Structure

Liu Xiaodong, Li Bai ···················································································································· 49

Research on Partner Selection of Vertical Strategic Alliance

Mo Xiaoniu, Qin Yuanjian ············································································································ 53

On Obstacles of Sustainable Development and Government Support Behavior for Industry, Academy

and Research Strategy Alliance

Fan Shujuan ·································································································································· 58

An Analysis on Game Theory of Knowledge Transfer Efficiency in Innovation Networks

Li Lingling, Liu Guoxin ················································································································ 63

Study on Computer Aided Innovation Tools Supporting in Distributed Innovation Process

Shao Ya, Li Xia ····························································································································· 67

  ·II·

Part 2 Environmental Innovation and Sustainable Development

Innovative Cities: the Way of Management, Sustainability and Future

Arnoldo Jose de Hoyos Guevara, Diego de Melo Conti, Gilmara Lima de Elua Roble, Julyana Moreira Santos, Renata Martins Corrêa ·········································································· 71

Carbon Emissions Embodied in China’s International Trade Based on Input-Output Method Wang Dan ····································································································································· 81

The Effective Use of Social Capital for the Declining-population Society Makoto Hadeishi, Kazuhiro Fukuyo······························································································ 86

Research on Ecological Improvement in the New Socialist Countryside Based on Imitative Biology Group System

Li Liguo ········································································································································ 92 Education & Innovation: a Path to Sustainable Development

Adalzira Regina de Andrade Silva, Andyara de Santis Outeiro, Ivani Catarina Arantes Fazenda ····································································································· 98

Brand-Economics and Case Study of Recycling Crop Stalks Yuan Wenhua, Sun Yueyao···········································································································104

Green Development Model for Resource-based Cities on the Basis of Circular Economy Yun Guangzhong, Cheng Guoping, Li Gang ················································································110

Sustainability Trends and Implementation in Academy and Consulting Arnoldo de Hoyos, Beatriz M. Telles, Leandro Petrokas, Marcus H. Nakagawa···························116

Internal Mechanism and Interpretation of Coordinated Index of Sustainable Development System Gao Yongyan, Si Guangnan··········································································································127

Sustainability in Retail Stores: a Case Study in Brazil Alexandre Las Casas, Renata Martins, Gilmara Roble, Diego Conti, Roberto Coutinho···············131

The Study of Sustainable Development of Real Estate Based on System Dynamics Ma Guofeng, Lv Jingjing ·············································································································140

Study on the Growth Modes of SMEs among Cluster Based on the Viewpoint of Ecology Wang Yan, Mei Qiang, Li Mingxing·····························································································144

Study on Management and Compensation Mechanism of Transboundary Water Pollution Based on Game Theory

Xue Rui, Liang Weichao ··············································································································148 Research on Evaluation of Circular Economy Development

Jiang Guogang, Chen Jing············································································································153 Carbon Finance and Its Pricing Mechanism: an Evidence from EU ETS

Xu Xiaoli, Huan Zhijian···············································································································158 Empirical Analysis of Chinese Agricultural Listed Companies’ Growth

Hao Xiaoyan ································································································································164 On Chinese Business and Sustainability

Kou Huili ·····································································································································168

  ·III·

Study on Environmental Protection and Institutional Innovation in China Gan Kaipeng ································································································································172

Review on the Research of Emissions Trading of Major Pollutants Li Jingming··································································································································176

Challenge and Opportunity of Low-carbon Development for Petroleum and Petrochemical Enterprises Xu Xiao, Deng Mingran···············································································································180

On Environmental Innovation and Sustainable Development: an Exploration into the Environmental Development in the Region of Northwestern China

Zou Hongbing ······························································································································187

Part 3 Product, Industrial and Regional Innovation

Influence of Product Architecture on the Competition Between LCD and PDP Technologies Osamu Sato, Shuzo Fujimura·······································································································193

Impact of Technological Innovations on Quantity and Quality of Employment in Beijing: a Micro-Econometric Approach

Liu Dun, Li Maofeng ···················································································································203 Development of Concurrent Engineering Tool for Early Design of Mechatronics Product

Yusuke Odoh, Tatsuya Kasamatsu, Tsuyoshi Koga ······································································210 An Empirical Study on Impact of Absorptive Capacity on Enterprise Profit and Innovation Performance

Liu Lu··········································································································································216 Co-integration Analysis of the Relationship Between Industrial Structure Change and Economic Growth in Hubei Province of China

Chen Zhi, Song Chengshun, Liao Pingfan····················································································221 Study on Influences of Channel Relationship Quality to New Product Diffusion Performance

Liu Pan, Chen Tao························································································································225 Deformation Analysis of Solder Junction by Using of Electromotive Force Method

Akiyuki Morishita, Naoki Ohshima, Ken Kaminishi ····································································231 Innovation, South-North Trade and Manufacturing Industry Agglomeration

Yin Desheng·································································································································236 An Empirical Research on Industrial Structure Optimization of Provincial Area Based on Two-oriented Society

He Dan, Zhao Yulin, Li Wenchao ·································································································241 Impact of the Novel Protein Structure Prediction on R&D Process in Drug Discovery and Development

Yoko Ishino··································································································································247 Research on Risk of Innovative Levels Based on Hierarchical System

Guan Zhou, She Lian, Yu Chengxi ·······························································································253 Study on Logistics Operation Pattern of Dynamic Alliance-based Industrial Clusters

Zhou Rong, Cheng Guoping·········································································································260

  ·IV·

A Comparison in Hydrogen-Environment Embrittlement Response Between T6 and T73 Tempers of 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Ryo Yoshioka, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki ············································264 Hydrogen-environment Embrittlement in High-purity Al-Zn-Mg(-Cu) Alloys

Shogo Itonaga, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki ···········································269 Hydrogen-Environment-Assisted Cracking under Static and Frequent Types of Loading in Aluminum Alloys

Junya Fushikawa, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Shuhei Osaki ·······································273 A Comparison of Effect Between Domestic versus Foreign Brands on Consumer Purchasing Decision in Ghana

Samuel Kwadwo Frimpong··········································································································277 Estimating and Forecasting the Contribution Rate of Agriculture Scientific and Technological Progress Based on Solow Residual Method

Zhu Jinhe, Cui Dengfeng··············································································································281 Research on the Evaluation of Urban-Rural Integration Process in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

Cui Dengfeng, Zhu Jinhe··············································································································288 Contact Width Evaluation of New 25A-size Metal Gasket Considering Forming Effect

Didik Nurhadiyanto, Moch. Agus Choiron, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi·······················296 Study on Deformed Mode of Thin Metal Gasket Based on Experiment and FEM

Kazuya Ushijima, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi, Dai-Heng Chen ···································302 Tightening Evaluation of New 400A Size Metal Gasket

Moch. Agus Choiron, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi························································307 Research on Construction of Fiscal and Tax Mechanism of China's Energy-saving Industry

Yang Feng, Wang Dongwei, Si Danmin ·······················································································313 Study on Strategies to Speed up Modern Service Industry in Hubei Province of China

Ye Houyuan, Tian Rui ··················································································································318 Empirical Analysis on Regional Innovation: Base on Innovative Enterprises in Fujian Province of China

Lv Linfeng, Chen Yalan ···············································································································327 An Empirical Analysis on Inner Impact Factors of Independent Innovation of Innovative Pilot Enterprises in Fujian Province of China

Wang Yi, Chen Yalan ···················································································································331 Effect of Deformation Mode of Cylindrical Tubes with Corrugated Surface Dimensional Errors

Shigeyuki Haruyama, Daiheng Chen, Ken Kaminishi, Takuya Niyama········································335 System Model and Analysis of Three-dimensional Dynamics for Flexible Multi-body System

Shohei Yamamoto, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Tadashi Sumimoto, Junji Kaneko ································342 The Empirical Analysis on Relationship Between Infrastructure Investment and Regional Economic Growth in China

Fu Wenjun, Zhang Jing ················································································································349 An Emperical Study on the Strategies to Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Tanzania

Abdulla R.Abdulla, Maryam M.Othman, Zhao Hongzhong ·························································354

  ·V·

Dynamic Comparative Advantage and Technology Innovation of China’s Shipbuilding Industry Zhang Meixia, Fan Zhongmin ······································································································361

Study on Competitiveness of Automotive Industry in Guangxi Province of China Pan Yuan, Ma Lu··························································································································366

Comparative Study of Large-scale Investment in Plantation in Least Developed Countries Applying the Investment Profitability Analysis Model

Nobuo Hirohata, Kazuhiro Fukuyo ······························································································370 Research on Application of Activity-based Costing in Enterprise Product Pricing

Yu Dandan ···································································································································375 Study on Evaluation of Urban Industrial Parks in China

Hu Shuhua, Dai Dongqiang··········································································································379 Study on Auto Collaborative After-sales Service Based on Value Flow Technology

Li Chilin, Zhang Qin ····················································································································383 Price Skimming on a Successful Marketing Strategy: Study of Ipad Launching as Apple’s Innovative Product

Ma Huimin, Jose Antonio Hernandez···························································································389 Analysis on Hotel Service Innovation and Value Promoting Paths Based on Value Chain Theory

Fan Linsheng, Han Yu, Wang Na··································································································394 Competitiveness of Machinery Industry of Guangxi Province in China Based on Factor Analysis

Ma Lu, Pan Yuan, Xiao Lingfeng ·································································································398 A Study on Product Design Management and Its Trends

Deng Jun ······································································································································403 Promoting Regional Economy and Management Improvement by Applying Service Economy

Liu Wenbo····································································································································409 Study on Policy Adjustment to Promote the Steel Industry Innovation

Wang Wei, Wang Wenjun ·············································································································413 Research on Innovation and Development Strategy Based on Animation Derivatives

Li Yue, Zhu Mingjian ···················································································································418 Design Management and Product Innovation Design

Tong Yijie ····································································································································422 The Empirical Research on Independent Technology Innovation, Knowledge Transformation and Enterprise Growth

Zhang Binbin, Ding Jiangtao, Li Mingxing, Zhang Tongjian························································426 Research on Factors of Smartphone Diffusion Based on Innovation Diffusion Theory

Qian Zheng ··································································································································431 MICE Industry Clusters Using Location Quotient Estimation: a Case from of Guangzhou City of China

Zhang Lili, Lu Tracy (Ying) ·········································································································435

Research on Innovative Development of Tourism E-Commerce in Hubei Province of China Zhao Meilin, Gui Xiaomiao ·········································································································441

  ·VI·

Part 4 Organizational, Institutional and Management Innovation

Influence of Goal Orientation in Performance Appraisal on Staff Innovative Behavior: Mediating Effect of Innovative Climate

Yin Runfeng·································································································································445 Strategic Project Portfolio Management: an Empirical Investigation

Sergey Filippov, Herman Mooi, Roelof van der Weg ···································································452 Project Management Incorporating Dynamic Simulation & TRIZ

Toshihiro Ioi, Seiichiro Hata, Shigeru Nagami, Hiroshi Okuhara ·················································463

Research on Entrepreneurial Capacity Evaluation Index System of the Self-employed: Based on 603 Samples Analysis

Ye Chunxia ··································································································································469 An Empirical Study on Consumers Satisfaction of College Students to Movie Theater

Zhao Yanmin································································································································476 Network Analysis of Project Communication Based on Graph Theory

Naoki Ohshima, Akihito Kawashima ···························································································481 Research on the Risk Management Model of Development Finance in China

Zou Huixia, Jiang Lingwei ···········································································································486 Microcosmic Analysis on the Formation of the Professional Moral Hazard of the China’s Central Enterprises Operators

Zhu Jiangbin, Hu Jie ····················································································································491 An Analysis of the Great East Japan Earthquake by Scientific Information Asymmetry Models

Yuko Hayashi·······························································································································497 Impact of External Learning and Organizational Flexibility on Radical Innovation

Xu Rui, Zhao Liankun··················································································································506 Analysis on Personnel Dispatched Business Management of Software Service Outsourcing Enterprise: Based on Psychological Contract

Li Ruoyang, Qin Yuanjian, Zheng Changbo ·················································································512 Risk Assessment for Project Plan Collapse

Naoki Satoh, Hiromitsu Kumamoto, Norio Ohta··········································································518 Proposal of Risk Mapping Method for Risk Chains

Kazuhiko Kato, Daisuke Iwasaki, Toshiyuki Horiuchi ·································································524 Study on Influence on Internal Control Quality by Corporate Governance Structure of Listed Companies in China

Guo Chunfei, Hong Hong ············································································································530 Study on the Maturity of People Capability in Innovative Enterprises

Yang Dingquan, Ma Lu, Xu Xiwei ·······························································································536 A Method for Analyzing Service Failure Causes

Yusuke Kurita, Takumi Ota, Koji Kimita, Yoshiki Shimomura·····················································541

  ·VII·

A Study on the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Contextual Performance of Knowledge Workers Guo Ying······································································································································549

The Relationship Between Ownership Concentration and Investor Protection: from an Endogenous Perspective

Chen Chaohui, Zhang Jian ···········································································································554 Consideration and Classification of the Integrated Manufacturing in Petrochemical Complex

Kazuya Inaba ·······························································································································559 The Correlation of Benefit Distribution Between Shareholder and Employee & Its Effect on Corporate Performance: a Case Study of Chinese 90 Listed Companies

Zeng Yan, Wang Weiping ·············································································································567 An Empirical Research on the Relationship Between Stock Ownership Incentive and Performance of Listed Companies

Chen Xin, Yang Zhihua ················································································································573 A Three-Player Game Model for the Green Supply Chain in the Home Appliance Industry

Xu Ai, Hu Xiangpei, Gao Shufeng ·······························································································578 On the Analysis and Improvement of the Rural Financial System in Shenyang City of China

Guo Jing·······································································································································584 Evaluating College Instructors Performance under the Harmonious Management Theory

Wang Qifeng ································································································································589 Study on Application of ABCM to Construction Project

Yang Jianyun································································································································594 Time Selection of Enterprise Strategy Innovation Based on the Effectiveness of Strategy

Zhou Fengying,Du Wengeng, Diao Zhaofeng ··············································································599 A Study on Inheritance and Innovation in System Conversion Process of Family Businesses

Shen Leping, Li Honghai ·············································································································604 Followers’ Unethical Behavior and Leader-Member Exchange: the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction

Liu Songbo, Hu Wei·····················································································································609 Coding: Key Technology of Establishing the Competency Model

Li Dongmei··································································································································615 Study on Adjustment Mechanism of Contribution Rate of China’s Individual Account Pension

Zhang Jinfeng ······························································································································620 Evolution of Innovation Network Governance Mode from Analysis of University Spin-Off Companies’ Growth: a Case Study of Neusoft Group

Liu Yang, Ding Yunlong···············································································································624 Forecasting the Quantity Trend of Human Resources with Higher Education in China Based on Correlation – Regression Analysis

Tang Wenling, Wang Huadong ·····································································································632 Strategic Choice in Emerging Countries, Joint Ventures: Based on the Evidence of China and Guinea

Abdoulaye Oury Bah, Zhao Fuqiang ····························································································637 Empirical Research on Correlation Between Internal Control and Enterprise Value

Dai Chunlan, Peng Quan, Huang Jiating ······················································································645

  ·VIII·

A Research on the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Method Kong Qing ···································································································································650

On Evaluation Index System and Evaluation Method of Enterprise Internal Control Liu Jun, Gao Lijun, Ji Tao ············································································································656

Study on Psychological Capital and Organizational Identity Wang Huimei, Li Xuan ················································································································662

Innovation in Supplier Management of Chinese Sporting Goods Company ANTA Zhang XiuLan, Jiang Fei ··············································································································666

Research on System Development of New Hospital Human Resource Management Based on Performance Assessment

Jin Ke···········································································································································671 Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Enterprise Technical Innovation Capacity Based on Fuzzy Theory

Li Junlin, Xue Guiying, Liu Li ·····································································································676 Research on the Internal Control of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises under Comprehensive Risk Management

Chen Xiaofang, Nie Huili·············································································································680 Time-space Management: New Trend of Assets Management in Colleges and Universities

Zeng Jianyou, Tang Qin ···············································································································685 Research for Dynamic Mechanism and Path of Green Management in Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises

Chen Qi, Jin Kangwei ··················································································································691 Research on Solutions to China’s Food Safety Control Based on Innovative Society Management Background

Li Xiaoqin····································································································································695 Forecasting the Demand of Emergency Supplies: Based on the CBR Theory and BP Neural Network

Fu Deqiang, Liu Yun, Li Changbing·····························································································700 Flexible Control on Operational Risk Conduction of Commercial Banks

Deng Mingran, Li Xiaobei, Shen Jun ···························································································705 Chain Model of Employee Loyalty Management

Xie Baoguo, Xia Mian ·················································································································710 Study on PLM-based Industrial Design Processes

Wang Xia ·····································································································································714 Research on Management Innovation of the National Defense Students under the Guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development

Lin Xuanjin··································································································································719 Orientation Model of Elite Education and Mass Education

Ye Peng········································································································································723 Research on the Relationship Between Reform of Enterprise Income Tax and Enterprise Earnings Management

Zhang Jian, Chen Chaohui ···········································································································729

  ·IX·

The Function Changes and Education Mode Reshaping in Accounting under Ecological Environment Attribute

Zhang Yalian, Zhang Weimei ·······································································································733 Publicly-funded Education: Object of Educational Reform in China

Hu Shuhua, Li Jun························································································································738 Equilibrium Analysis for the Supply and Demand of the Rural Financial Service System in China

Li Zhe, Gan Jingjing ····················································································································742 A Research on the Management Innovation by Integrating System of Network Education

Guo Yaping ··································································································································746 Research on Chinese Financial Enterprises’ Overseas Acquisitions Based on a Case Study

Geng Mingying, Ding Xiaohong, Geng Xiaoyu ···········································································749 Fuzzy Comprehensive Decision on Ship Acquiring by Financing Lease and Loaning

Liu Yibin, Li Yaling, Zhu Rongyan, Cheng Zhiyou ······································································754 Study on the Application of DISC Behavioral Style in Talent Management in Banking Industry

Gao Weiming ·······························································································································760 Investigation on Speculation from Management Perspective

Wu Yafei, Sun Rong·····················································································································768 Development Trend of Enterprise Organization Vulnerability: a Literature Review

Wang Chao, Liu Jing····················································································································773 Topdown: an Innovative Choice for the Reform and Development of Chinese Football

Zheng Yuan ··································································································································777 On University Striding Development Through Academic Organization Structure Innovation: the Case of the University of Tsukuba

Zhou Qunying, Zhou Shutong ······································································································783 Encouraging Knowledge Worker to Generate Innovation Behavior: an Empirical Research Based on Technology Acceptance Theory

He Qin, Lu Juan ···························································································································788 Structure Optimization of College Students’ Service System Based on Cyber Culture Identities

Wei Chao, Li Jianping, Yang Yang ·······························································································792 Understanding the Innovation Concept

Umidjon Ahunjonov Maxamadumarovich, Bojan Obrenovic, Mahammadsidik Amonboyev ·······796 Analysis of Enterprise Development Strategies Based on the Features of Different Stages in Enterprise Life Cycle

Wang Yue, Zhu Hanxiong ············································································································802 Research on Development and Management of Coaches in Commercial Fitness Clubs

Ai Xiangnan·································································································································807 The Cross-cultural Factors in the Business Administration

Li Lifang ······································································································································811 Research on Operation Model of Financial Cooperative for SMEs

Dong Bing····································································································································815 Mechanism and Methods of Enterprise Financing System Flexibility

Zhang Ganggang, Ma Inhua ·········································································································819

  ·X·

BIM and Its Effects on the Project Managers Chen Baoping ······························································································································825

Prevention and Countermeasures of the Human Capital Burnout for the Air Traffic Control Department of China

Mo Guoyong································································································································828 Research on Internal Control of Highway Construction

Cheng Xiao, Huang Changjiang ···································································································832 Study on the Mechanism Innovation of Enterprise Culture Construction

Li Jinhong ····································································································································837

Part 5 S&T Policy, Intellectual Property and Knowledge Management

Research on Relationship of Heterogeneity of Management Team and Tacit Knowledge for Companies after Merger and Restructuring

Feng Yaming, Shang Haiyan, Xu Hui···························································································843 Proposal of Knowledge Creation Process for Innovation Aim in Research and Development

Kazuhiko Kato, Yuu Iwama, Toshihiro Ioi····················································································849 The Application of Knowledge Management in Customer Relationship Management

Pan Huiming, Guo Yi ···················································································································855 Research on Discrepancy of Business Model in Intellectual Venture Capital Firms under Chinese and American Patent System

Zhang Junrong, Chen Long ··········································································································860 Antecedents and Outcomes of Innovativeness

Sungho Lee ··································································································································865 Moderating Effects of Organizational Justice to Knowledge-based Psychological Ownership and Knowledge Sharing

Zhu Xinyan, Zhang Xin ···············································································································875 Patent Collaborative Development Mode and Platform Construction of Supply Chain Enterprises

Liu Jieming, He Fang···················································································································880 The Research on Information Sharing Behavior in Digital Age: Enabling Collaboration for Innovation

Xie Fei ·········································································································································888 Analysis on Network Architecture of Discipline Growth in Innovative Universities

Li Chunlin, Liu Lili ······················································································································892 Research on the Relationship Between Invalid Patent and the Validity of Patent Contract

Huang Liping, Zhang Lina ···········································································································897 On the Era of Knowledge Authority

Wang Huawei, Zou Xiaoshun·······································································································901

  ·XI·

Research on Evaluation Indicators of Tax Policy Performance for Technology Innovating Enterprises:

Based on Balanced Scorecard

Niu Yanshao·································································································································906

Study on Knowledge Sharing Pattern in Industry Clusters Based on SECI Expand Model

Li Gang, Feng Yanfei ···················································································································911

Relationship Between Psychological Knowledge Ownership and Knowledge Sharing: Adjustment for

Organizational Fairness

Liao Qianqian, Qin Yuanjian, Zhang Xin ·····················································································916

Research on Implementation of Intellectual Property Strategy in China’s Agriculture-related Enterprises

Hu Shensong, Wei Jilin, Wei Fang································································································921

Study on Collaborative Utilization of Intellectual Property in Strategic Alliance

Yang Liuqing, Wang Sirong ·········································································································927

Study on Agricultural Information Services in Technology Transfer Based on Information Push

Technology

Zhao Zengfeng, Cao Wenwen, Duan Qingwei··············································································933

Research on Homeostatic Mechanism of Enterprise Knowledge Ecosystem

Li Geng, Xie Shoumei··················································································································937

Research on Technology Management Innovation and Technology System Reform of Hubei Province of

china

Zhang Lan····································································································································943

Research on Constructing Effective Patent Early Warning Mechanism in Central Region of China

Guo Jianping································································································································949

Part 6 Operation Innovation and IT Applications

Requirement Model for Mechanical, Electrical and Software Integrated Products Using SysML

Tadashi Gotoh, Takao Eguchi , Tsuyoshi Koga, Kazuhiro Aoyama ··············································956

Research on Teaching Innovation under Network Conditions in Universities

Zhao Xia ······································································································································965

Costing of Liquids and Chemicals in Port Industry

Zhou Guoqiang, Ma Li·················································································································970

Recommender Systems Based on Doubly Structural Network

Na Chang, Takao Terano ··············································································································975

Architecture of Customer Knowledge Management System Based on Online Reviews

Zhao Dan ·····································································································································982

Realization of the Sales Forecast of the Enterprise Based on VS.NET and MATLAB

Hu Qing, Zou Yao, Liu Yanan ······································································································986

  ·XII·

SME Supply Chain Collaboration Innovation Using an Online Hub: Introduction of a Case in Korea

Yongma Moon, Dongmin Shin, Sungho Lee ················································································990 Feasibility Analysis on ULS-based Rapid Logistics System in Wuhan City of China

Meng Fang, Jin Jiang, Sun Shusheng ···························································································999 Agent-Based Modeling: Introduction and Perspective

Takao Terano······························································································································1003 Operations Strategy Optimization Based on Developed Sense and Respond Methodology

Liu Yang, Wu Qian, Zhao Shi, Josu Takala·················································································1010 On Obstacle and Future of Web Publishing

Qu Shengwei······························································································································1016 Testing Mechanism and Its Practice on Library System Construction in Colleges and Universities

Yang Hanni, Hu Binggui ············································································································1020 Analysis on Development Differences of Informationization among the Four Regions of China

Deng Zelin, Feng Fengling, Zhang Wenjing ···············································································1024 Strategic Priorities on China’s Informationization

Zhang Long, Feng Fengling, Wang Xuan ···················································································1030 Innovation of Service Quality Management in China Based on Service Quality Theory

Luo Jianwei································································································································1036

Part 7 Miscellaneous

Research on the Selection of Logistics Service Integrators in Emergency Supply Chain

Su Jun, Cao Lijun, Huang Yong ·································································································1040 Axially Crushed Characteristics of Compact Impact Absorption Member

Shigeyuki Haruyama, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Dai-Heng Chen, Aidil Khaidir ·····································1047 Study of Energy Absorption of Combined Model of Cylindrical Compression-Expansion Tube and Thin Cylindrical Tube

Takanori Kozeni, Shigeyuki Haruyama, Ken Kaminishi·····························································1052 Empirical Analysis on Capital Allocation Efficiency of Hubei Listed Companies according to Industries

Hu Huaxia··································································································································1057 Study on the E-commerce Trust Based on Evolutionary Game Mechanism

Wei Mingxia, Zheng Shuang ······································································································1064 Income Elasticity of Calorie Intake in United States

Wang Biao ·································································································································1074 The Empirical Analysis on Environmental Effects Caused by China Foreign Trade

Zhao Difei, Zheng Weiteng ········································································································1079 Research on the Influence of Country-of-origin Effect to Brand Attitudes of Chinese Consumers on Luxury Goods

Wang Dan, Chen Yani, Han Jintao······························································································1088

  ·XIII·

Customers’ Needs for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting: an Analysis of Weblog Data Junichi Kato ·······························································································································1093

Local Firm’s Response to Global Financial Crisis: a Case of an Apparel Factory in Lao PDR Bounlouane Douangngeune········································································································1097

A Case Study on Satisfaction Evaluation of College English Elective Courses under the Cognitive Theory

Peng Aimin ································································································································1102 Linear Regression Analysis of Gross Output Value of Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Industries

Liu Haime, Chen Yun·················································································································1106 The Survey of Chinese College Students’ Autonomous English Learning in Self-access Language Learning Center

Cao Huan ···································································································································1112 Research on Job Dissatisfaction and Its Impact on Private Sector Investment in Ghana

Wei Jianguo, Samuel Kwadwo Frimpong···················································································1116 Empirical Study of Credit Risk Measurement in Manufacturing Industry: Based on Financial and Market Information

Tang Zhenpeng, Liao Jingjing ····································································································1120 A Review on Innovative Method of Communicative Language Teaching

Chen Lei ····································································································································1130 Research on the Role of Government in the Management Reform of the Large-scale Stadium

Lin Youliang, Zhu Mingjiang ·····································································································1135 An Investigation into the Impact of Information Disclosure on the Stock Liquidity and Company Performance

Bian Na, Huang Hongmei, Wang Shuhua···················································································1140 Game Analysis of Google’s Information Dissemination Strategy in China

Bojan Obrenovic, Slobodan Obrenovic ······················································································1145 Class Formation of Rural Migrant Workers and Change of Management in Chinese Enterprises

Wu Qingjun································································································································1151 Study on the M&As Strategies of the Chinese Paper Enterprises

Lai Binhui, Zhang Tao················································································································1156 Research on Grading the Potential of Listed Port and Shipping Companies in China Stock Market

Zheng Yibin, Peng Shaofeng ······································································································1162 Evaluation on Economic Performance Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Ruan Xianjing, Yang Qing ·········································································································1167 An Empirical Analysis on the Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigeria Economy

Oji-Okoro Izuchukwu, Huang Huiping ······················································································1173 Analysis of the Stock Market Volatility and Its Spillover Effect in China

Xu Bu ········································································································································1179 An Innovative Strategy to Improve ESP Writing: the Application of Genre Analysis to Study Medical Research Articles

Peng Yuan, Wei Wande···············································································································1183

  ·XIV·

Enlightenment from the Internationalization Strategy Models of Haier Group of China Yi Yan, Yao Guanli·····················································································································1187

Research on Evaluation Index System of Waterway Construction Project Expenditure Budget Performance

Wang Sirong, Yang Liuqing ·······································································································1192 The Evaluation on the Capacity of Agriculture Logistics Service in Hubei Province Based on PCA and Cluster Analysis

Liu Mingfei, Ma Jun, Li Jun·······································································································1197 Risk Pre-control on Multi-project Management for Large-Scale Construction Enterprises

An Jianmin·································································································································1201 Study on Ownership Structure and Preference for Seasoned Equity Offerings of Listed Companies in China

Yang Zhihua·······························································································································1207 Comparison of Electrical Coal Pipeline Transport and Rail Transport Based on Social Costs

Zhou Hongmei, Yi Zhenglin, Huang Zhilong ·············································································1211 An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting Participation Decisions of Exhibitors

Feng Wei, Zhao Weidong ···········································································································1216 Fiji’s Transformation from Sugar to Tourism Industry

Navneel Shalendra Prasad, Yuan Guohua, Asa Romeo Asa ························································1221 Research on Competitiveness of Chinese Construction Enterprises by Factor Analysis

Zhang Suxian, Wang Jin·············································································································1225 An Empirical Study on Financial Early Warning of Chinese Petrochemical and Plastic Manufacturing Listed Companies

Xu Lixin, Shi Xueming ··············································································································1230 Research on Evaluation Index System for Automobile Enterprise Brand Value

Chen Zhaohui, Li Jing················································································································1234 An Empirical Study on the Most Effective Medium for Goods and Services Tax (GST) in Sierra Leone

Matilda Zainab Kamara, Liu Mingfei·························································································1239 Research on Retailers’ Marketing Tactics Integration Based on Customer Value Strategy

Cheng Yun··································································································································1242 Is the Small-sized Rural Household More Efficient?

Li Gucheng, Feng Zhongchao ····································································································1247 Evaluation of Disaster Perception of University Students in Wuhan City of China and Suggestions on Disaster Reduction Education

Chen Juan ··································································································································1260 Research on the Relationship Between Logistics Investment and National Economic Development of China

Liu Shuang·································································································································1265 The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Togo [1991-2009]

Assiobo Komlan Mawugnon, Fang Qiang··················································································1269 The Application of Weighted Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis in Student Loans Default

Tang Qin, Zeng Jianyou, Li Xing, Zhang Hongyang ··································································1274

  ·XV·

Research on the Multiple Level Performance Management System Based on KPI Cheng Huijun·····························································································································1278

Microblog: Micropower to a Civil Society Wang Hongguang·······················································································································1282

Research on Strategy to Establish Competitiveness for Micro and Small Enterprises in Bolivia Fernando Nelson Villaverde Chavez ··························································································1287

Risk Factors and Efficiency Measurement in Togolese Banking Sector: the Case of ECOBANK-Togo Kolani Pamane, Fabrice Boko ····································································································1293

A Study on Financial Risk Analysis in Pension Funds Investment: an Implication of Exchange Rate Exposure

Abba Abubakar Shehu················································································································1301

Research on Flexible Budget of Marketing Expenditure

Li Xiaobei, Dai Shengli··············································································································1309

Strategic Performance Appraisal Based on BSC and SEM

Wang Bing, Deng Mingran, Zhao Fuqiang ·················································································1314

Research on the Choice of Focus Strategy Based on ELC

Deng Mingran, Wang Bing, Zhao Fuqiang ·················································································1319

The Cause and Prevention of the E-commerce Credit Risk

Zhang Yuanyuan, Ma Ying ·········································································································1324

SWOT Analysis and Strategy of High Level Tennis Talent Cultivation in Colleges

Xia Shanshan, Sun Jinrong, Fan Xiaodong·················································································1328

Study on the Special Adjustment Methods for Calculating EVA

Liu Cheng ··································································································································1333

Study on Effects of Ritual in Marketing

Fang Yingfeng····························································································································1337

On Effective Communication of Cross-cultural Enterprises

Lan Qing, Zheng Jia···················································································································1341

Application of MS-Project in Scientific Research Project Management

Li Yanjin ····································································································································1346

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management

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Individuals’ Power and the Learning and Innovation in Multi-stakeholder Societies on Collaborative Platforms Powered by

Digital Social Media

Chathura Prasanna Rajapakse, Takao Terano Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan

(E-mail: chathura@trn., terano@dis.titech.ac.jp)

Abstract: In social groups, some individuals have a better say than the others. Thus, when it comes to sharing new ideas and making decisions, their voice is better heard over the others. This can be considered as a situation, where power dynamics are applied in social learning. With the advancements of social media, organizations and the knowledge management community have started thinking of creating platforms to co-create value by getting the involvement of multiple stakeholders for learning and innovation. Such platforms results larger societies of stakeholders with divergent interests, where power dynamics are more likely to occur. Given that the influence of power is not adequately researched in social and organizational learning domains, in this paper, we present an agent-based computational model of a learning organization to evaluate the impact of individuals’ informal power on learning outcomes. Key words: Power; Organizational learning; Social innovation; Social media; Social learning 1 Introduction

Advancements in social media technologies have opened up new ways for organizations to learn and innovate. As some researchers have pointed out some years ago, one way of increasing innovation capacity is by widening the framework of participation to a wider community[8]. Furthermore, as some recent research point out, to foster innovation, organizations need to develop places, which they call platforms for collaboration, for different stakeholders to come and work creatively [16]. There are some interesting discussions going on in online forums about the potential of social media to foster innovation by shifting all or part of the innovation process from R & D department to a larger crowd, which comprise of employees, experts, customers, etc. According to those discussions, social media enables the communication and processing of innovative ideas of a wider community.

But most organizations and processes are inherently complex entities, which comprise of multiple interdependent components and a change in one component is more likely to occur unexpected changes in many other components. Consequently, interests of the stakeholders who represent those components are more likely to have conflicts with each other. Therefore, idea sharing is not a smooth process as it is commonly perceived in most organizational learning theories. An idea conceived in an individual’s mind has to be accepted by the others in order to be shared and become ‘organizational’ for implementation. One important factor in this context, which has been largely ignored though, is individuals’ power to influence others[2], [4].

In any social group, there are some individuals who have a better say than the others. One’s say in a given social group reflects how positively he or she is perceived in that society. Such positive perceptions enable them to make the others to behave in ways that they would otherwise not behave. This ability can be considered as informal power of individuals rather than formal positional power. As the digital platforms for collaboration powered by social media enables larger societies of stakeholders with divergent interests, learning in such societies can also be influenced by such power dynamics. In this research, we are mainly interested in the likelihood of informal power dynamics that exists in societies to occur in digital societies and their impacts on the learning outcome of the organization.

Taking the Agent-based modeling approach, which Robert Axelrod calls the third way of doing science, we propose a computational model of a learning organization, in which socially connected member agents of a complex organization actively participate in enhancing organizational performance, having individuals' ‘Say’ as the basis of corporation. This paper is to introduce our proposed model and discuss its potential to serve our purpose. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we discuss the related work and in section 3, we explain the proposed model. Section 4 and 5 provides the discussion and future work respectively

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management

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2 Related Work 2.1 Multi-stakeholder participatory learning, social media and individuals’ power

There is a vast body of research in organizational learning processes, most of which having the commonality “learn (individually), share and store”. It means that learning occurs in individuals, they share what they learned among each other and finally the shared learning gets stored in organizational routines and procedures. A comprehensive review on this topic can be found in [2]. Having its roots in organizational learning models of Argyris, Senge, Wenger, etc, [7] has introduced a social learning model to explain how learning takes place in social communities. According to their model, for social learning to take place, three conditions have to be met. 1. It should demonstrate that a change in understanding has taken place in the individuals involved. 2. It should demonstrate that this change goes beyond the individual and becomes situated in wider social units. 3. It should occur through social interactions and processes between actors within a social network.

However, as many researchers point out, sharing is not taking place so easily. According to [4], organizations are inherently political arenas and consequently, so are the processes of organizational learning. The ideas and opinions of individuals resulting from their learning have to be accepted by others in order to be implemented at the organizational level. As discussed in [4], which ideas get accepted largely depends on which actors in organizations are most able to influence organizational decision making. A similar idea is presented in [2], where they address the issue of power in relation to organizational learning in the context of Corporate Environmental Management. They discuss the process of corporation among multiple stakeholders with divergent and conflicting interests. Sharing the view of influence as an equivalent to power, they state that influence occurs when a stakeholder makes another actor behave in ways that he or she would not otherwise do.

A similar idea to what we call ‘Say’ here can be found in [3], which they name as ‘People Sensemaking’. According to them, ‘People Sensemaking’ is the process a person goes through to get a general understanding of ‘Who someone is’. In[6], the same authors use a case study of an internal social network of a large enterprise to explain how it helps to maintain effective ties among its members in terms of communication and sharing. Taking the same case study, in [3] they show how ‘People Sensemaking’ occur in such a socially connected environment. 2.2 Computational modeling of complex organizations

According to [10], computational models of complex systems such as teams, task forces and organizations can be used to reason about the behavior of those systems under diverse conditions. Also known as computer simulation, it involves representing a model as a computer program. Complex systems, as stated in [11], by their very nature resist analysis by decomposition. Alternatively, to take a computational modeling approach means not having to assign an objective to an organization and instead modeling the agents that comprise it with explicit attention to how decisions are made and how the interaction of these decisions produces organizational output [5]. It enables to work with a vast parameter space and avoid issues arising from non-linear relationships, which are very common in natural processes.

As a technique for computational modeling of complex organizations, the use of NK model has been discussed in [5] and [12]. Even though it has its origin in the Biology field, NK model has been introduced to the organizational modeling field by Dan Levinthal in 1997 [12]. In this perspective, the primary task of the organization is to constantly search for and adopt routines that improve (not necessarily maximize) its performance. The NK Model has two main parts namely, the NK Landscape and the agents that continuously search the landscape. This is seen as typically taking the form of managers of various departments independently searching for better routines[5]. The two main parameters of the NK Model, N and K, represent the number of functions (or components) that comprise the organization (N) and the number of dependency relationships that each function (or component) has (K). In the original NK Model, each function could take two values, either ON or OFF and the search space was made based on each combination of such ON/OFF values. But there is a vast body of research that uses the NK Model with many variations from the original model[12]. Each function and the associated dependencies create the individual payoffs of each function. The overall payoff of the organization then becomes the mean of individual payoffs.

Many organizational models that uses NK model have been introduced in[5] while more specific discussion on application of NK Model for organizational strategy has been presented in [12]. In addition, a model that uses the NK Model to analyze organizational deviation and KAIZEN activities has been explained in [13].

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management

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3 The Proposed Model As shown in Figure 1, the proposed model represents a complex organization, which comprise of a

group of member agents who are connected by a social network. We assume here that this social network bypasses any hierarchical boundaries in the organizational structure. Agents individually learn new ideas to improve the organizational performance and share their ideas with other members through the social network. The ideas that are accepted by many other members get qualified to be implemented and become organizational knowledge. Once a new learning is implemented, the associated payoff is granted to the member agents with a feedback, which in turn affect their future behavior.

Figure 1 Overview of the Proposed Model

Figure 2 Representation of the complexity of the organization

As shown in Figure 2, the complex organization in our model is represented with N number of

functions (or components), and K number of dependency relationships with other functions. Selection of the K number of other functions has two options. One is to select the next K number of functions of each function as the functions, upon which the particular function depends. For example, as shown in Figure 2, function 3 depends on function 4 and 5 as K is set to 2. Similarly, function 10 depends on function 1 and 2. The other option is to randomly select K number of functions instead of selecting the K number of adjacent functions. In our model, these two options are controlled by a parameter. Apart from that, each function can be at D number of states, which is also a parameter in our model. Each state is represented as an integer value ranging from 0 to (D-1). For example, if D is set to 10, each function can be at state 0 to 9 as shown in Figure 2.

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management

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Figure 3 NK Model based lndividual and Organizational Utility Landscapes

3.1 Modeling the search space

Each function in the complex organization comprise of a random amount of agents who hold that particular function as their prime interest. Since each function depends on K number of other functions, each agent in the system gets a search landscape of (K+1) dimensions. For example, agents in Figure 3 have a 3 dimensional individual search spaces as K = 2 in the given organization. Given that there are D number of possible states for each function, each individual search landscape has D(K+1) possible value combinations. The payoff value corresponding to each value combination is selected randomly.

This results in unique individual utility functions for each agent in the system, which makes idea sharing conflicting. The organizational utility for a given value combination then becomes the average of all individual utilities (payoffs) for the particular value combination. As the payoff values are selected randomly and K can range from 0 to N, the individual utility landscapes become complex and rugged. Individual learning takes place when the individual agents continuously search for improvements in such utility landscapes. Taking an evolutionary approach, we use a real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) [14] to represent individuals’ learning. 3.2 Modeling agents’ decision rules

As each agent has a unique individual utility function, new learning always result in different payoffs for different agents. As shown in Figure 4, new learning of agent A, when compared to individual utility functions of A and B, results in a higher payoff for agent A but a very poor payoff for agent B. Therefore, in an ideal situation, B would have rejected the new idea of A. But the same new idea, if implemented at the organizational level, has the potential to give reasonably good payoffs for both A and B. Due to this uncertainty, agents in our model do not take decisions to accept or reject new learning by merely evaluating against their individual utility functions. Instead, they use their perception about the individual who propose the new idea to evaluate the potential outcome.

Here, agents’ perceptions about other agents are basically determined by their past experiences and each agent maintains a history of outcomes of new learning of all agents it has interacted so far. For example, Agent B in Figure 5 has a history of learning outcomes of Agent A. According to the table in Figure 5, a given new learning of A can be ‘G’ (good) or ‘B’ (bad) when evaluated against B’s individual utility function. The same new learning could have given ‘Good’ or ‘Bad’ payoffs to B, if implemented at the organizational level. Otherwise, it could have been ‘Failed’ to be selected for implementation. Using the table, for example, B can know how many times new learning of A, which was evaluated as good (G) according to his individual utility function, has actually given ‘Good’ outcomes if implemented at the organizational level.

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Innovation & Management

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Figure 4 How new learning results in conflicts among agent’s interests

Having such a history enables evaluating new learning in terms of the conditional probability of

being ‘Good’ at the organizational level. If P(Good/G) denotes the probability of being ‘Good’ when evaluated as ‘G’ at the individual level and P(Good/B) denotes the probability of being ‘Good’ when evaluated as ‘B’ at the individual level, according to the Bayes’ Theorem;

P(Good/G) = P(G/Good) × P(Good) P(Good/B) = P(B/Good) × P(Good)

The prior probability P(Good) denotes the probability of the particular agent’s new learning to become ‘Good’ at the organizational level. Initially, P(Good) = P(Bad) = P(Fail) = 1/3.

Figure 5 How an agent evaluate new learning of another agent

3.3 Functionality of the model

Our proposed model is driven by individual agents’ desire to maximize their payoff by contributing to the improvement of the organizational utility. For that they continuously search in their individual utility landscapes for new and better ideas. Thus at each time period, agents come up with newly learned ideas. However, in a natural setup, not all agents come up with new ideas at an equal rate. To maintain this difference in idea generation, we have introduced a probability variable for each individual, which determines whether that individual learn a new idea or not at a given time period.

Since agents are connected socially by the social network, each agent gets new ideas learned by others from those who are connected to them. Thus, at each time period, each agent has a pool of new ideas to consider both learned by him or herself and by other agents in the society. Agents evaluate their pools of ideas at each time period based on the probability of giving good results as explained before

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and if they find a better idea than the one they currently hold, they accept it and pass it to the other agents that they are connected with.

The organization, which is also an agent in our model, scans the society of its stakeholder agents at each time period and picks up the mostly spreaded idea for implementation. Once it is implemented, it evaluates the utility to the society and distributes that utility equally to the entire society. Once the agents receive the utility based on the new idea implemented, they evaluate whether it is good or bad to him or her and update the history table of the respective individual who came up with that idea accordingly. 4 Conclusion

The history of learning outcomes that a given agent maintains about him or herself as well as the agents connected to him or her acts as a memory component of that agent. As the agents use that memory to evaluate the likelihood of a new idea to give a better outcome, it can be considered as a process, in which the perception about the owner of the idea plays a key role in getting acceptance to a given idea. Putting another way, the ideas of agents who have a better performing history are more likely to be accepted than that of others. Therefore, we believe that such agents in our model mimics the individuals who have a better say in a social group.

Furthermore, the learning process under this model corresponds with the Social Learning framework of [7]. As the individual agents, at each time period, come up with better ideas through the continuous search in their individual utility landscapes, it can be considered as similar to a change that occurs in individual’s understanding (point 1). As the learned new ideas get spread through a social network of members it can be considered as corresponding with point 3. Finally, the fact that mostly spread new ideas get implemented at the organizational level can be considered as getting situated in a wider social unit (i.e. Organization) (point 2). In addition to that, as the social learning framework discussed in [7] is based on ideas of existing organizational learning theories, our model can be considered as contributing to the existing social and organizational learning literature by exploring the impact of individuals’ informal power on the learning outcomes.

This model is currently under development using the agent development toolkit of Repast Simphony [15]. As a result, we are lacking with results for further discussion. Once implemented, we expect that it will explore some interesting insights about the phenomena being researched. Besides, we have identified some limitations of the current model, which we expect to rectify in a second version. One is, it may not be natural to assign only one prime interest to a member in an organization. Rectifying this may result in more complex individual utility functions. But in our opinion, this will not make a significant impact to the accuracy of the answer to the main research question apart from contributing to enhance the validity of the model to the natural process. Another limitation is that our social network is a static network generated randomly. This is also not representing the natural process and therefore we expect to make it a dynamic network with agents adding and deleting links with other agents depending on the outcomes of their communication.

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