Chasing Waterfalls: Exploring the airwaves with RTL-SDR
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Transcript of Chasing Waterfalls: Exploring the airwaves with RTL-SDR
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RTL-SDR & Software-Defined
Radios
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I'm a radio nerd.
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N0RUA
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1/5/2013 / ZD7FT / St. Helena Island (6,866 mi)
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2/23/2014 / RX0AK / Asiatic Russia / 5,460 mi
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Public Service
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Cool experiments
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It's all around us!
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It's all around us!• AM/FM audio broadcast
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It's all around us!• AM/FM audio broadcast
• TV broadcast
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It's all around us!• AM/FM audio broadcast
• TV broadcast
• Cell phones, wifi
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It's all around us!• AM/FM audio broadcast
• TV broadcast
• Cell phones, wifi
• Bluetooth, etc.
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It's all around us!• AM/FM audio broadcast
• TV broadcast
• Cell phones, wifi
• Bluetooth, etc.
• But...
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How does it work??
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Components
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Componentstransducer
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Componentstransducer
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Componentstransducer
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Componentstransducer
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Componentstransducer
Oh yeah, the antenna goes here.
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Componentstransducer
Electromagnetic Radiation aka!~~~ Radio Waves ~~~
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Direction of travel
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Wavelength
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Wavelength
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Wavelength
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Wavelength
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Frequency
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Hertz = Hz = Cycles per second
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Time!(sec)
1 2 3
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Time!(sec)
1 2 3
f = 1 Hz
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Time!(sec)
1 2 3
f = ~ 4 Hz
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Time!(sec)
1 2 3
Higher Frequency = Shorter Wavelength
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A little math... (I'M REALLY SORRY)
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velocityfrequencyλ =
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velocityλ
frequency =
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the speed of light (c)
frequency (Hz)λ (m) =
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300,000,000 m/secf(Hz)
λ (m) =
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λ (m) = 300,000,00089,300,000
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λ (m) = 300,000,00089,300,000
30089.3
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λ (m) = 300,000,00089,300,000
30089.3
3.35 m~11 ft
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30089.3
3.35 m
3002400
.125 m~11 ft ~ 4.9 in
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30089.3
3.35 m
30014.2
21.1 m
3002400
.125 m~11 ft~69 ft ~ 4.9 in
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Enough of that..
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3 kHz - 300 GHz
Radio spectrum
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λ = 100 km - 1 mm
Radio spectrum
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AM Broadcast!~ 530 - 1700 kHz = 1170 kHz bandwidth
FM Broadcast!87.5 - 108 MHz
= 20.5 MHz bandwidth
Wi-Fi/etc!2.4 - 2.5 GHz = 100 MHz bandwidth
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Modulation
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= encoding information in a signal
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beeeeeep beep beeeeeep
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K
beeeeeep beep beeeeeep
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AM
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FM
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Propagation
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Line of Sight
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Groundwave
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Skywave
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Ionosphere60 - 500 km altitude
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IonosphereDay
"D" Layer
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IonosphereDay
"E" Layer
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IonosphereDay
"F1" Layer
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IonosphereDay
"F2" Layer
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IonosphereDay
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IonosphereDay
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Ionosphere
F Layer
E Layer
Night
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F Layer
E Layer
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F Layer
E Layer
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F Layer
E Layer
Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF)
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F Layer
E Layer
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skip distance
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Auroral
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Meteor Scatter
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What's out there?
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
• Gov't Agencies (US or otherwise)
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
• Gov't Agencies (US or otherwise)
• WEFAX, other data & telemetry
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
• Gov't Agencies (US or otherwise)
• WEFAX, other data & telemetry
• "Numbers stations"
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
• Gov't Agencies (US or otherwise)
• WEFAX, other data & telemetry
• "Numbers stations"
• Pirates
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WTF's out there?HF/Shortwave
• Broadcasters (AM / Shortwave)
• Hams
• Gov't Agencies (US or otherwise)
• WEFAX, other data & telemetry
• "Numbers stations"
• Pirates
• Lots more!
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
• Fire/Police/EMC/Mall Cops
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
• Fire/Police/EMC/Mall Cops
• Airport/ATC/ADS-B
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
• Fire/Police/EMC/Mall Cops
• Airport/ATC/ADS-B
• Pagers & other text (Taxi Dispatch)
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
• Fire/Police/EMC/Mall Cops
• Airport/ATC/ADS-B
• Pagers & other text (Taxi Dispatch)
• Baby monitors
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WTF's out there?VHF/UHF & beyond
• FM Broadcast
• Hams
• Fire/Police/EMC/Mall Cops
• Airport/ATC/ADS-B
• Pagers & other text (Taxi Dispatch)
• Baby monitors
• FUN stuff in the 433 MHz band (unlicensed)
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Software-Defined Radios
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RTL-SDR
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So what?
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So what?• Hobby
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So what?• Hobby
• Experimentation
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So what?• Hobby
• Experimentation
• Public Service
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So what?• Hobby
• Experimentation
• Public Service
• Cool Gear ;)
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Actual stuff you can do
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Detecting the galactic plane with an SDR
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rtl-sdr.com
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Let's listen to some radio!