Chary Networking Notes

7/28/2019 Chary Networking Notes

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INDEX

1.NETWORKING

2.PROTOCOLS

3.TOPOLOGY

4.CABLES

5.NETWORKING DEVICES

6.COLOUR CODING

7.OSI- LAYERS

8.TCP/ IP

9.VLSM

10.ROUTER INPUT OUTPUT DEVICES

11.ROUTER MODES

12.BASIC IOS COMMANDS

13.ROUTING PROTOCOL TREE

14.STATIC AND DEFAULT ROUTING

15.DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS

15.1) DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOLS [RIP,IGRP]

15.2)LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS [OSPF,ISIS]

15.3) HYBRID ROUTING PROTOCOLS [BGP,EIGRP]

16.REDISTRIBUTION ROUTING PROTOCOLS

16.1)DISTANCE VECTOR TO ADVANCED DISTANCE VECTOR

16.2)DISTANCE VECTOR TO LINK STATE RP

16.3)ADVANCED DISTANCE TO DISTANCE VECTOR

16.4)ADVANCED DISTANCE TO LINK STATE

16.5)LINK STATE TO DISTANCE VECTOR


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16.6)LINK STATE TO ADVANCED DISTANCE VECTOR

17.HOW TO CONFIG MULTIPLE AS NOS IN EIGRP

18.HOW TO CONFIG MULTIPLE AREAS IN OSPF

19.STATIC V-LANS

20.DYNAMIC HOST CONTROL PROTOCOL (DHCP)

21.V- LAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL (VTP)

22.NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATIONS (NAT)

23.SERVERS

24.ACCESS CONTROL LISTS (ACL)

25.FRAME-RELAY

26.POINT TO POINT PROTOCOL (PPP)

27.HOW TO BREAK A PASSWORD OF A ROUTER

28.HOW TO CONFIGURE THE TELNET PASSWORD

WEBSITES: for interview questions.

Router reallay.com

Fri3.comusername/demouser

Tcpiguru.com/ccna-interviewquestions-withanswers/


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1.NETWORKING:

Def: Two or more systems are connected together for transfering the data and share the data

and resources

Examples: Hard disk , Scanner, Printer,USB, Server

Advantages:

Reduce the wastage of cost Reducing wastage of time Easy communication Network performance is very high

2.PROTOCOLS:

Set of rules and instructions or regulations for a particular service is called as protocol

Types of protocols:

1. Tcp/ip :transfer control protocol and internet protocol2. Ipx and spx :internet private exchange3. Apple tac4. Port : physical and logical connection of a point is called port

3.TOPOLOGY:

Perfect structure of a network

Types:

1. Bus2. Ring3. Star4. Mesh

Bustopology: all systems are connected in one way direction.

Ringtopology: all pcs are arranged in circular way.

Startopology: all systems are connected within centralized device is called hub.

Meshtopology: all the systems are connected each other.

GATEWAY: Entry and exit point of a network is called gateway.

TCP/IP: It is an end to end point connectivity to send the information from source to

destination through wan or lan.


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IP Address: It is Numerical Identification of a host.

Subnet mask: It is used to identify the how many number of hosts portions, and how many

network portions in LAN or WAN.

4.CABLES:

There is a 3 types of cables for the communication .

1. STP and UTP: shielded twisted pair and unshielded twisted pair.2. Coaxial cable3. Fiber optics

1.STP : it is a thin net quantity , it supports 10 mbps speed of transferring the data 10/t

STP cable supports max distance 10 to 50 mtrs

2.UTP : it is a thick net quantity , it supports 100 mbps speed of transferring the data in a lan

It supports max distance 100 to 500 mtrs.

In UTP cables there is a 3 types of categories

1,cat 510 mbps

2.cat 5+ -- 10 /100 mbps

3.cat 6100/1000 mbps

Coaxial cables: this type of cables is used for access the streaming of data, this co-axial

cables max supports the distance based upon area.

Fiber optic: flexibility.

By using this cable provide dedicated (constant) Band width speed, this fiber optic cable used

for distance of kilometers

5.NETWORKING DEVICES:

1. HUB2. SWITCH3. ROUTER4. MODEM1.Hub: hub is a broad cast device , its working on Layer 1(physical layer)

Hub doesnt maintain any informations. Hub sending the informations without any request to

all the systems in a network. Hub is also called as collision domain. Its maintain CSMA/CD.

In hub each port called as collision domain because all ports having single root for sendingand receiving.


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2.Switch: switch is uncast device

It works on layer 2(data link layer) ,switch maintains MAC table (media access control ),in

switch data transferring based upon source MAC ID ,DESTINATION MAC ID ,switch isalso called as multicasting broadcast devices

In switch,data transferring in the form of frames ,internal switch function as a unicast

external is a broadcast

3.Router: router is multicasting the device working on layer 3(network layer )

It is using to communicate two or more different types of networks, router maintaingsou-

rceipandport,destinationip and port. Router is also called as a inter networking device

because,its maintaining operating system

In router forwarding the packet form one network to another network.router is also providing

the best path to reach the destination. in router data transferring in the form of packets.

4.Modem:- it is a modular device, its working on layer 1 modem converting signals analog to

digital .digital to analog vice versa

In modem data transferring in the form of bits

5.Repeatets:- amplification boxes is also called as repeaters

In repeaters receiving weak signal converting into strong signals.

Its working on layer 1(physical layer)

6.COLOUR CODING:

Default colur codes in UTP cables are 4 pairs, 8 wires.

1.White orange

2.Orange

Pair 1

3.White green

4.green

Pair 2

5.white blue

6.blue

Pair 3

7.white brown

8..brown

Pair 4

STRAIGHT CABLE COLOUR CODE: It is used for to communicate different type of

networking devices .

Ex; switchsystem, systemhub, laptopswitch, switchrouter.


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SWITCH PC

White Orange White Orange

Orange Orange

White Green Whiten Green

Blue Blue

White Blue White Blue

Green Green

White Brown White Brown

Brown Brown

Note: In straight cable both side should be the different devices with same colourcode .

CROSS CABLE COLOUR CODE: It is used for to communicate same type of network

devices, in cross cable both side should be the same devices with different colour code .

Ex: switchswitch, routerrouter, laplap.

SWITCH SWITCH

White Orange White green

Orange Green

White Green White orange

Blue Blue

White Blue White blue

Green Orange

White Brown White brown

Brown Brown

7.NETWORK LAYERS OSI LAYERS

DOD:DEPARTMENT OF DEFFENCE (FIRST INTRODUCED)

ISO IN 1984

APPLICATION

LAYER

IT RECIEVES THE DATA FROM THE USER

PRESENTATIONLAYER

CODING,ENCRIPTION,COMPRESS

SESSION

LAYER

ITS MAINTAINS SOME

SESSIONS,TERMINATING,ESTABLISH THE

SESSIONS.

TRANSPORT

LAYER

SEGMENTATION,MULTI/DEMULTIPLEXING,

FLOW CONTROL,ERROR CHECKING

NETWORK

LAYER

IT RECIEVES THE SEGMENTS AND

CONVERT INTO PACKETS

DATA LINK

LAYER

IT RECIEVS THE PACKETS AND

CONVERTING INTO FRAMES


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ICMP-(port -1) Internet control message protocol,request ,reply,errors.

Segment:-dividing into small units

Route:- from source to destination between the path is called route

NETWORK LAYERS

OSI LAYERS :-

operating system interface ,open system interconnected

there are around seven layers each layer having different working function because,fo the

data moving in a network like, segment,packets,frames ,bits

1. APPLICATION LAYER :application in the sense gather or collection multipleinformation from the user or customer in the mean of application layer receive the

data from the user what the user can access

(.doc..exl,.pdf,.bat,smpt,http,telnet,pop3,)some services

Application layer is also called user interface layer /destoplayer/upper layer/software

layer.

Application layer also identifies some services

1.total port no.(1-65,535)

2.reserved port no.( 1-1023) predefined

3.open port no(1024-65535)

Some services:-

http-80 -hyper text transfer protocol

smtp-25simple mail transfer protocol

pop3-110post office protocol

telnet-23 -

ssh-22secure shell

ftp-21file transfer protocol

https-443

PHYSICAL

LAYER

IT RECEIVES THE FRAMES AND

CONVERTING INTO BITS


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port-numbers.

Port Number Description Applicable Protocol

0 Reserved TCP and UDP 1 TCP port service multiplexer TCP and UDP 5 Remote job entry TCP and UDP 7 Echo TCP and UDP 20 FTPdata TCP 21 FTPcontrol TCP 22 SSH TCP and UDP 23 Telnet TCP and UDP 25 SMTP TCP and UDP 53 DNS TCP and UDP 67 BOOTP/DHCPserver TCP and UDP 68 BOOTP/DHCP - client TCP and UDP 69 TFTP TCP and UDP 80 HTTP TCP and UDP 101 NIC host name server TCP and UDP 107 Remote Telnet service TCP and UDP 109 POP2 TCP and UDP 110 POP3 TCP and UDP 115 SFTP TCP and UDP 118 SQL TCP and UDP

123 NTP TCP and UDP 135 DCE endpoint TCP and UDP 143 IMAP TCP and UDP 161 SNMP TCP and UDP 162 SNMP trap TCP and UDP 166 Sirius TCP and UDP 179 BGP TCP and UDP 213 IPX TCP and UDP 220 IMAPv3 TCP and UDP 389 LDAP TCP and UDP 401 UPS TCP and UDP 500 ISAKMP UDP 513 Login TCP 513 Who UDP 515 Lpd TCP 520 RIP UDP 546 DHCPv6 client TCP and UDP 547 DHCPv6 server TCP and UDP 647 DHCP failover TCP 666 Doom (video game) UDP 989 FTP data over TLS/SSL TCP and UDP 990 FTP control over TLS/SSL TCP and UDP 992 Telnet over TLS/SSL TCP and UDP 1023 Reserved TCP and UDP


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2.PRESENTATION LAYER:

It is responsible for receives the data from the application layer, then its converting into

the system language,secure language/standard language

In this layer maintains 3 modules.

1.CODING: In this module converting the data into system understanding purpose

(binary code0,1)

Ex: .doc-010101

2.ENCRIPTION: it is nothing but hiding mode or unreadable format. In this module

data will be putting some secure language or standard language.

Ex: .doc xxxxx ,gmail: user name and password .

3.COMPRESS: By using compress reduce the data size , because of the data moving

very fast in a network. In this mode collecting the total information. Then its converting

into compress mode .i.e. zip file.

3.SESSION LAYER:

It is responsible for the receiving the data from presentation layer , and deviding into

some sessions . it is also responsible for maintaing the sessionsm terminating the sessions

and establish the sessions, then after deviding into sessions. Its assigning numerical

identifications to some particular sessions .

Ex: .doc-1/1, .exl -1/2 , .pdf-1/3 , .smtp-1/4 , .http-1/5, .pop3-1/6

4.TRANSPORT LAYER:

It is responsible for receives the data from session layer and its deviding into some

segments. It is end to end point connectivity to sending/receiving the data. It is

maintaing some tasks.

1. Identifieng the services2. Segmentation3. Multiplexing/demultipelxing4. Folw control5. Error checking (segment missing)

1.IDENTIFIENG SOME SERVICES:

TCP UDP

1.Tranmission control protocol 1.User/Universal datagram protocol

2.It is collection oriented (physical /wired) 2.It is collection less (logical /wireless)3.It is acknowledgement service 3.No acknowledgement ,only request


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4.It is reliable 4. It is unreliable

5.Its performance is slow , because it waits

for acknowledgement from the source.

5.Compare to TCP UDP is faster

6.Entire TCP service should be carrying with

port no 6

6.Entire UDP services should be carrying

with the port no 17

7.Ex: ftp, smtp,http,telnet,ssh 7.Ex\:DHCP ,DNS,TFTP

2.SEGMENTATION:Deviding into some units is called segmentation.

Transport layer working based upon to identifying the port nos . By using port nos its

differentiate which service having acknowledgment , which service having

unacknowledgment.

3.MULTIPLEXING/DEMULTIPLEXING:

Multiplexing is nothing but many to one , its gathering same type of services in a single way,

demultiplexing is nothing but, deviding into same services from the single way.

4.FLOW CONTROL: By using this to reduce the wasted of bandwidth, reduce the wasted

of data size. By using flow control we can utilize the data into some different task.

5.ERROR CHECKING: This task is responsible for maintaing the checking

function(inspection). In between the data process, slash communications , its identifying any

segment missing, or error checking between the process, and its is also responsible for

sequence and reassembling .. again its recollect the data ans sends to the next layer.

5.NETWORK LAYER :

Network layer is responsible for receive the segments from the transport layer and its

converting into packets

In this its mantaing the two protocols

1.Routing protocol

2.Routed protocol

Route: From the source interface to destination interface between path is called route.

1.Routing protocols(wan) : Exchange the information between the two routers or two

networks. With the support of some protocols.

Ex: RIP,IGRP,EIGRP,OSPF,BGP

2.Routed protocols(lan): Exchange the information between the end devices

Ex: TCP/IP, IPX, APPLE TALK


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Its also providing best path to reach the destination based upon source ip , port no. below

devices are working in the layer.

Ex: routerL3 device, L3-switch.

6.DATALINK LAYER:

It is responsible for receives the packets and its converting into the frames .Its maintaing two

sublayers.

1.MAC- media access control

2.LLC- logical link control

MAC (LAN): It is a physical ip address of a system. Its having 48 bits . in that 24user id

,24- vender id.

It is uniq id.

LLC (WAN): It tells about informations of wan encapsulation protocol it means receiving the

specific information from specific protocol.

Types of wan encapsulations

1.HDLC-HIGH LEVEL DATA LINK CONNECTION

2.PPPPOINT TO POINT PROTOCOL

3.FRAME-RELAYITS PACKET SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY BASED UPON ISP

Below devices are working in the layer

Switch/bridge/nic (network interface card)/Additional lan card

7.PHYSICAL LAYER:

It is receving the frames from the datalink layer and its converting into bits .nothing but

system language/power language /binary language/mechanical language.

Ex: HUBS, CABLES, REPEATERS,MODEMS

OSI LAYERS TCP/IP LAYERS

1.APPLICATION LAYER

2.PRENTATION LAYER

3.SESSION LAYER

SOFTWARE LAYER /APPLICATION

LAYER

4.TRANSPORT LAYER IOS LAYER

5.NETWORK LAYER INTER NET LAYER


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6.DATALINK LAYER

7.PHYSICAL LAYER

HARDWARE LAYER

8.TCP/IP: Transmission control protocol and internet protocol.

In TCP/IP there is 3 ways of identifications.

1. Physical (mac)2. Logical (ip)3. Hostname (wipro)

It is end to end point connectivity to send the data from the source to destination in a lan or

wan through ip address (inter net protocols ).

TCP/IP is also called as a logical ip address of a system. Its having 32 bit address.

In TCP/IP there is two versions IP V4(32 bit) and IP V6(128 bit).

In TCP/IP there is a 5 classes.

Class A (1-126)

Class B (128-191)

Class C (192-223)

IP V4 using for LAN and WAN

32 bit

Class D (224-239) multicasting

Class E(240-254) research and development

IP V6 128 bit

Total TCP/IP range 0-256 0-host

(1-254)valid ips

255.255.255.255broad cast ipit is for using sending the data to entire group or particular

network at a time .

256- network id .

SUBNETMASK: By using subnet mask it can identify that ip add belongs to which class .

By using subnet mask we can identify how many host portions how many network protions

in a lan.

Class A255.0.0.0 /8-netwrks, 24-hosts

Class B255.255.0.0 /16-networks, 16-hosts

Class C255.255.255.0 /24-networks, 8-host

PRIVATE AND PUBLIC IPS:

CLASSES PRIVATE IP PUBLIC IP

Class A(1-126) 10.*.*.* Remaining ips are publicClass B(128-191) 172.16.*.* Remaining ips are public


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172.31.*.*

Class C(192-223) 192.168.*.* Remaining ips are public

9.VLSM: Variable length for sub net mask.

Def: Deviding one logical ip to no of segments is called VLSM.

Advantages: By using VLSM reduce the wastage of ip address

And reduce the wastage of band width

CIDR: Class less inter domain routing .

It is nothing but class less ipranges . CIDR table see below

Class A Class B Class C/8- 255.0.0.0 /16- 255.255.0.0 /24- 255.255.255.0

/9- 255.128.0.0 /17- 255.255.128.0 /25- 255.255.255.128

/10- 255.192.0.0 /18- 255.255.192.0 /26- 255.255.255.192

/11- 255.224.0.0 /19- 255.255.224.0 /27- 255.255.255.224

/12- 255.240.0.0 /20- 255.255.240.0 /28- 255.255.255.240

/13- 255.248.0.0 /21- 255.255.248.0 /29- 255.255.255.248

/14- 255.252.0.0 /22- 255.255.252.0 /30- 255.255.255.252

/15- 255.254.0.0 /23- 255.255.254.0 /31- 255.255.255.254

10.ROUTER INPUT OUT PUT DEVICES:


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WAN PORTS(INTERNET) LAN PORTS(NETWORK)

Fast ehernet

ADMINISTRATOR PORTS

1.Serial 0/0

2.Serial 0/1

3.Serial 0/2

4.Serial 0/3

1.fa 0/0

2.fa 0/1

3.fa 1/1

4.fa 1/0

1.console ports(configuring)

2.auxilary port(remote

access)

Internal components of a Router :

1. Mother board2. RAM and NVRAM3. Processor- Motorola4. Bios- basic input out put system5. CMOScomplimentary metal oxide semiconductor6. ROM/flash7. Boot sequence

Router classifications:

1. Access layer router2. Distributed layer router3. Core layer router

1)Access Layer: This type of routers is used for to communicate two or more networks in

within organization.

Ex of series: 800,900,1000,1100,1200,1400,1500,1600,1700,1800,1900,2100,2500

2)Distributed layer router : this type of router is used for communicate from head offices to

branch offices. With the support of isp.

Ex: 2600, 2800,2900, 3200, 3400,3600,3700,4800,4500,6400,6600.

3)Core layer routers: This type of router is used for between WAN . it is also called as back

bone of a router .

Ex: 7200, 7600, 8000,9000, 10000, 11000,12000.

Types of a routers:

1)Modular routers : modifications can possible ( adding interfaces. Create inter face)

Ex: distributed router core layers

2)Demodular routers:

Modifications is not possible its a constant.

Ex: access layer routers


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Some Router Venders :

1. CISCO2. MULTICOM3. DAX4. NORTEL5. DILIC6. JUNIPER

Router path in a system:

Start/program/accessories/communications/hyperterminal

Or

Go to run command and type hyperterm

In LINUX type minicalms

11.ROUTER MODES:

1. Router > : previlised mode2. Router # : enable mode3. Router(config)# :configure mode4.

Router(config-if)# : interface mode

5. Router(config-subif)# : sub interface mode6. Router(config-router)# : router mode7. Router(config-line)# : line mode8. Router(config-console)# : console mode12.BASIC IOS COMMANDS:Internetworking operating system.

It is a operating system which maintains by the vender of cisco for using communicate

between the two cisco devices .by using ios to configure interfaces informations in a router .

DCE information and Routing protocols informations.

1.How to assign name to a router?

Router>en

Router#configure t

Router(config)#hostname chary

Chary(config)#

2.How to assign interface in lan to a router?


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Router(config)#interface fa0/0

Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

3.How to remove fa0/0?

Router(config)#interface fa0/0

Router(config-if)#no ip add

4.How to assign serial interface to in wan?

Router(config)#interface s0/0


Router(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000


5.How to create sub interface fa0/0.1?

Router(config)#interface fa0/0.1

Router(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router(config-subif)#no shutdown

6.How to assign password to a router?

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Router(config)#enable secret cisco

7.How to remove password?

Router(config)#no enable password

Router(config)#noenable secret

8.How to take the back of router ios image (internal)?

Router#copy running-config startup-config

9.How to restore the ios image internal?

Router#copy startup-config running-config

10.How to take back up of external ios image?


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Router#copy running-config TFTP: ip address

11.How to restore the external ios image?

Router#copy TFTP: ip address running-config

12.How to assign telnet password to a router?

Router(config)#line vty 0 6

Router(config-line)#password google

13.How to remove the telnet password to a router?


Router(config-line)#no password

14.How to see the current configuration of a router ?

Router# sh running-config

15.How to see the interface informations in a router?

Router# ship interface brief

Router(config)# do shipint brief

16.How to see the routing protocols info?

Router# show ip protocols

17.How to see the individual interface informations?

Router# show ip int fa0/0

Or

Router# show int s0/0

18.How to see the total information in router?

Router# show tech-support

19.How to see the version of ios?

Router# show version

20.How to see the operating system of a router?

Router# show flash


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13.ROUTING PROTOCOL TREE:

14.STATIC AND DEFAULT ROUTING

Static: administrator manually sets the or configure the routes informations to a router .

Rules of static routing :

1. Both side serial interface (wan) should be in same network.2. Both side fast eathernet (lan) should be in different network .3. Without DCE,DTE communication could not be established .

Requirements of static routing:

Source information should be know the destination information. And destination information

should be know source information.

Syntax of static route:

Router(config)# ip route destination LAN subnetmask destination WAN

Ex: router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2

AD: Administrative distance

It is a value of router and ranking of routing protocol.

It is a trust worthynius concept.


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DCE DTE

1.data communicating equipment 1.data terminal equipment

2.it is a ISP end of the point 2.it is the customer end of the point .

3.its generate the clock rate 3.its accept the clock rate

4.its treated as a primary master 4.its treated as a primary slave.

5.ex: leased lines in DCE v.35 cables , x.703modem

5.leased lines in DTE are ROUTER

Ex: broad band in DCE modem Ex:broad band in DTE system

ENCAPSULATION PROTOCOLS:

HDLC PPP

1.High Level Data Link Connection 1.Point to Point Protocol

2.It is cisco proprietary protocol 2.PPP is open standard protocol

3.It supports only when both side are same

vender

3.It supports both side should be in different

vender

4.It does not support encryption 4.It supports encryption

5.It does not support authentication 5.It supports authentication

About static:

Static AD value is 1

In static routing both side only trusted networks or known routes can entering in a lan. It

reduce the wastage of bandwidth .

Its having security .static routing working based upon the exit points.

It is realiability and dedicated. Its performance is fast.

DEFAULT ROUTING:

Def : administrator no need to configure the routes information to a router .

default routing AD value is 255 its utilizing more band width its providing less security. In default routing both side trusted and untrusted networks are entering into my lan As well as by this reason default routing its utilizing more band width and is also not

providing sufficient security.

It is also working based upon the exit points.


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Steps for router 1

Router>enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#int fa0/0



%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to

up

Router(config-if)#int s0/0






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For static route:

Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2

For default route:


Steps for router 2:

Router>en

Router#config

Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.








Router(config-if)#no shut

For Static route:


For default route:


15.DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOLS

15.1) Distance vector routing protocols ( RIP , IGRP):

Dynamic means recognizing the routes information by it self.

Distance vector routing protocol is working depends on distance / direction (metric values)


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RIP: Routing Information Protocol.

It is a distance vector routing protocol RIP is class full range protocol AD value is 120 In RIP every 30 sec it will getting updates from the nighbour (broad cast). It supports 16 routes / 15 hop counts Entire RIP working based on Belmonfordalgorithm. In RIP there is two versions. Version 1 and Version 2.

VERSION 1 VERSION 2

1.Distance vector routing protocol 1.distance and advanced distance routing

protocol

2.Every 30 sec will getting updates (broad

cast) 255.255.255.255

2.updates are getting (multicasting)224.0.0.9

3.classfull routing protocol 3.it is class less

4.it does not support for VLSM 4. it supports for VLSM

5.it supports max. small organizations 5.it supports max. small and big

organizations.

6.eg:- RIP,IGRP 6. eg:- EIGRP,OSPF

RIP TIMERS:-

1. Updated timer(30 sec.)2. Invalid timer (180 sec.)3. Hold timer (180 sec.)4. Flush timer (temporarily removing )(240 sec.)

Disadvantages of RIP:-

1. More bandwidth utilizing because every 30 sec. will getting updates (broad cast).2. It supports only small organizations.3. Formatting the routing loops. Temporarily removing the updates.

IGRP:

Interior gate way routing protocol It is a distance vector routing protocol Ad value -100 Every 60 sec it will get updated from neighbor It is also class full routing protocol IGRP supports 100 routers Doesnt support for VLSM


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First we enter the interface informations like as above.

Steps For Routing information protocol RIP: for Router 1

Router(config)#router rip

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1


Router(config-router)#ex

Router(config)#

To show the route in router 1 :

Router(config-router)#do ship route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route


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Gateway of last resort is not set

C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:59, Serial0/0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

Steps For Routing information protocol RIP: for Router 2

Router(config)# router rip



Router(config-router)#ex

Router(config)#

To show the route in router 2 :











R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:59, Serial0/0


For see the routing protocol info : router 1 and router 2

Router(config-router)#DO SH IP PRO


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Routing Protocol is "rip"

Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 13 seconds

Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240

Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set

Redistributing: rip

Default version control: send version 1, receive any version

Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain

FastEthernet0/0 1 2 1

Serial0/0 1 2 1

Automatic network summarization is in effect

Maximum path: 4

Routing for Networks:

1.0.0.0

192.168.2.0/ 192.168.1.0

Passive Interface(s):

Routing Information Sources:

Gateway Distance Last Update

Distance: (default is 120)

15.2)ADVANCED DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOL (EIGRP,BGP):

EIGRP:

Enhanced interior gate way routing protocol It is advanced version of distance vector routing protocol It is cisco proprietary routing protocol It works only on cisco devices It is class less routing protocol (supports two) In EIGRP every 90sec will getting multicast (224.0.0.9) It support max default 100 routers upto 255 routers


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Entire EIGRP working based upon dual algorithm diffusion updated algorithm Ad value

Internal AD value -90

External AD value -170

Eigrp topology working based upon ASno AS:-autonomous system

AS:Definition:-collection of multiple network information from the single administration

Total as number:-1 t0 65,535

EIGRP working function maintain the metric values metric:-bandwidth+load+reliablity+delay+maximum transmission unit

Eigrp maintains 4 maximum equallpaths .it supports some protocols. TCP/IP , IPX. APPLE

TAC.

It is very fast convergence (exchange).

How to configure the single AS no s in EIGRP:

First we have to configure the interface information to two routers


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Configure in router 1:

Router(config)#router eigrp 10



Router(config)#do ship pro

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "



Default networks flagged in outgoing updates

Default networks accepted from incoming updates

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum hopcount 100

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1Redistributing: eigrp 10


Automatic address summarization:

Maximum path: 4


192.168.1.0

9.0.0.0


Gateway Distance Last UpdateDistance: internal 90 external 170

To show the path:

Router(config)#do ship route











D 192.168.2.0/24 [90/2172416] via 9.1.1.2, 00:02:51, Serial0/0



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Router(config)#router eigrp 10



Router(config-router)#

Router(config)#do ship pro

Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10 "



Default networks flagged in outgoing updates

Default networks accepted from incoming updates

EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0

EIGRP maximum hopcount 100

EIGRP maximum metric variance 1

Redistributing: eigrp 10


Automatic address summarization:

Maximum path: 4


192.168.2.0

9.0.0.0



9.1.1.1 90 1105138Distance: internal 90 external 170

To show the path in router 2:

Router(config)#do ship route




E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area





D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 9.1.1.1, 00:04:27, Serial0/0



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15.3) LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOL:OSPF,ISIS

OSPF-Open Shortest Path First It is link state routing protocol and open standard routing protocol. (no venders) OSPF is a class less routing protocol . It supports VLSM In OSPF hello packets are sent every 10 sec. In OSPF its getting updates sent by the way of multicasting ip add (224.0.0.5) OSPF working depends upon DIKJSTRA orSPF(shortest path first)algorithm. It supports protocols TCP/IP ,APPLE TALK, IPX. In OSPF AD value is 110. It supports unlimited hop counts .or routers In OSPF its working based on area and PID value .

PID range(1-65535) Process ID. It maintains network ID information of individual routers in a topology. It is a fast convergence. In ospfhirachical design with multiple area. In ospfarea 0 is called back bone area. In OSPF supports for communication by using wild card mask . Wild card mask is a inverse sub net mask. Campare to EIGRP it s work in any

router/any vender.

Its working depends on cast value.OSPF maintains 3 types of tables

1. OSPF nighbour table2. OSPF database table3. OSPF interface table

1)OSPF nighbour table: this table is maintains nighbour information.

2)OSPF database table: Its maintaining total network informations .

3)OSPF interface table: It maintains individual routers interface informations.


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How to configure a router 1 in OSPF:

First we have to configure the interface informations. Then next step

Router(config)#router ospf 10


Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.255 area 1


Router(config-router)#do ship pro

Routing Protocol is "ospf 10"



Router ID 192.168.1.1

Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa

Maximum path: 4


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192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

9.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1



192.168.1.1 110 00:00:07













O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/65] via 9.1.1.2, 00:01:32, Serial0/0


Router(config)#router ospf 20(PID )



Router(config-router)#do ship pro

Routing Protocol is "ospf 20"




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Router ID 192.168.2.1

Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa

Maximum path: 4


192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1

9.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1



192.168.2.1 110 00:00:07












O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/65] via 9.1.1.1, 00:03:20, Serial0/0


16.REDISTRIBUTING (RD) ROUTING PROTOCOLS:

Two communicate two different types of routing protocol is called Redistribution .other wise

receiving network information or routing information from particulars protocol to send to

different protocol is called redistribution.

By using redistribution we can communi9cate two or more different protocols.

Ex:

1. Distance to advanced distance vector routing protocol2. Distance to link state routing protocol3. Advanced distance to link state routing protocol


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4. Link state to advanced distance routing protocol5. Link state to distance vector routing protocol6. Advanced to distance vector routing protocol16.1) distance to advanced distance:

RIPEIGRP:

First we configure the interfaces in router 1 and router 2.and RD

Then next step

STEP 1:

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1


R2(config)#router eigrp 10



STEP 2: configuration in Redistributing router RD


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RD(config)#int s0/0

RD(config-if)#ip add 9.1.1.2 255.0.0.0

RD(config-if)#encapsulation hdlc

RD(config-if)#clock rate 64000

RD(config-if)#no shutdown

RD(config)#int s0/1


RD(config-if)#en




STEP 3:

RD(config)#router rip

RD(config-router)#network 9.1.1.2

RD(config-router)#ex

RD(config)#router eigrp 10


%DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP 10: Neighbor 11.1.1.2 (Serial0/1) is up: new

adjacency

STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 10 metric 10



RD(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 10 10 10 10 10 -(metric values )


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16.2)distance vector to link state routing protocol:

RIPOSPF :

First we have to give the interface information to all routers. Then go to step 1.

STEP 1:




R2(config)#router ospf 111

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.255 area 1



RD(config)#int s0/0



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RD(config)#int s0/1


RD(config-if)#en




STEP 3:




RD(config)#router ospf 111

RD(config-router)#network 11.1.1.1 0.255.255.255 area 1

STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute ospf 111 metric 10



RD(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets


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16.3)Link State to distance vector routing protocol:

OSPFRIP:


STEP 1:








RD(config)#int s0/0



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RD(config)#int s0/1


RD(config-if)#en




STEP 3:






STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets


RD(config-router)#redistribute ospf 122 metric 10


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16.4)Link state to advance distance vector routing protocol:

OSPF-EIGRP:


STEP 1:








RD(config)#int s0/0




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RD(config)#int s0/1


RD(config-if)#en




STEP 3:






STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100subnets


RD(config-router)#redistribute ospf 133 metric 10 10 10 10 10


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16.5)Advanced distance to link state routing protocol:

EIGRPOSPF:


STEP 1:








RD(config)#int s0/0




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RD(config)#int s0/1


RD(config-if)#en




STEP 3:






STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute ospf 133 metric 10 10 10 10 10


RD(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100subnets


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16.6)Advanced distance to distance vector routing protocol:

EIGRPRIP:

First we have to give the interface information to all routers.

STEP 1:







STEP 2: It is same as above.

STEP 3:




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STEP 4:


RD(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 10 10 10 10 10


RD(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100metric 10

17.HOW TO CONFIGURE THE MULTIPLE ASNO IN EIGRP:

First we have to Give the interface informations to all routers

STEP 1:


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STEP 2:













STEP 3:



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RD(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 111 metric 10 10 10 10 10







RD(config)#router eigrp122




RD(config)#router eigrp133





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18.HOW TO CONFIG MULTIPLE AREAS IN OSPF :

First we have to give the inter face information in all routers .then go to step 1

STEP 1:










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STEP 2: here A0 is 5th router in area 0 it is back bone of a router .

A0(config)#router ospf 155

A0(config-router)#network 1.1.1.2 0.255.255.255 area 1





19.STATIC V-LANS: ( port based v-lan/sticky-configure v-lan/inter v-lans):

In switch there are 24 ports .in that

23 &24 (G/0 , G/1) are trunk ports.

It is IEE802.1Qconcept.

In switch we can create ( 1- 1005)

v-lans.

Every cisco switch can act like as

server because of revision value.


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How to create vlans in a switch:

Switch(config)#vlan 10

Switch(config-vlan)#name accounts

Switch(config-vlan)#ex

Switch(config)#vlan 20

Switch(config-vlan)#name productions

Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 30

Switch(config-vlan)#namejava

How to assign range in vlans in switch:

Switch(config)#int range fa0/1-2

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access

Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10

Switch(config-if-range)#ex









Switch(config)#ex

How to configure the trunk ports :

Switch(config)#interface fa0/23

Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#no shut

Switch(config)#interface fa0/24


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Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#no shut

How to see the trunk ports in v-lans :

Switch#show int trunk

How to see the vlans info in switch:

Switch#show vlanbrief

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------

1 default active Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10

Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14

Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18

Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22

Fa0/23, Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/2

10 accounts active Fa0/1, Fa0/2

20 productions active Fa0/3, Fa0/4

30 java active Fa0/5, Fa0/6

1002 fddi-default active

1003 token-ring-default active

1004 fddinet-default active

1005 trnet-default active

How to configure the router in v-lans:

Router(config)# int fa 0/0

Router(config-if)# no ip address

Router(config-if)# no shut down

Router(config)# int fa 0/0.1

Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q 10

Router(config-subif)# ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0


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Router(config-subif)# no shutdown









20. DYNAMIC HOST CONTROL PROTOCOL:

To providing ip address to all the systems in automatically is called DHCP.

Its having port no 67, client68.

It is working based on BOOTP protocol

The relation between server and client is called DORA

DORA- Discovery Offer Request Acknowledgement.

By using DHCP reduce the wastage of time.

In DHCP two types of ranges are there

1)Excluded range (192.168.1.0 to 1.9)

This range ispredefined for important machines (management level PCs),routers , switches,

firewall, servers,printers.

2)Reserved range (192.168.1.10 to 1.255)

This range is mention future expenture of networks (only users).

Syntax: Router(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.9

Note: dot1Q is LAN encatsulation protocol

it is using for identify the v-lan tag or ID


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How to configure the DHCP in a router:

Router(config)# ip dhcppool

Router (dhcp-config)# network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

Router (dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.1

Router (dhcp-config)# option 150 ip 192.168.1.1 (150 is numerical identification of dhcp)

Router (dhcp-config)#dns-server 9.1.1.1

How to remove pool l name;

Router(config)# no ip dhcppool

How to see the pool names and dhcp configuration:

Router# show running-config

And

Router# show ipdhcp binding

21. VTP ( V-LAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL):

Trunk : to share the v-lans information from switch to router or switch to switch.

VTP is v-lantrunking protocol To control the all switches from one switch is called VTP vtp has 3 modes . server mode , transparent mode , client mode . all switches should be in server mode it s a purly IEEE 802.1Q trunk concept ( to carry the v-lans information from switch

to router /switch to switch)

by using VTP to control revision value because of in cisco switches by default all switches should be in sever mode (revision

value =0)

In VTP its working based upon trunking between devices In VTP there are 3 types of modes 1)VTP SERVER ,2)VTP TRANSPARENT, 3)VTP CLIENT.

1)VTP SERVER: in VTP server advertise the vlans information from sever to clients by

using trunks . VTP server switch treated as a primary master in a LAN.

In VTP server possible for create v-lans, delete v-lans, modified v-lans.


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In VTP server switch having some v-lans information its a permanent data base (permanent

/start up /NV ram)

Its receives the request from the transparent /client and sends to v-lans information by using

trunks .

2)VTPTRANSPARENT:

It does not participating in VTP modes . because it doesnt maintain any information from

server .

In vtp transparent we can not create up to 4096 v-lans(extended v-lans)

VTPtransparent is a mediator between the server and client .

It receiving the request from client and sends to server and again receiving reply from server

to client .

3)VTPCLIENT:

It is same like as a server

It is also maintaining v-lans information (temporary/runningconfig)

In this is not possible create v-lans ,deletevlans, modify v-lans.

VTPclient switch is also maintaining v-lan information while switch is in ON.


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How to assign vtp in switch:

First we configure vlans in server switch. Then configure the router for v-lans. (same like

as above v-lans concept) next

First select switch 1(server switch):

Switch1(config)#vtp mode server

Switch1(config)#vtp domain wipro

Switch1(config)#vtp password cisco

Switch 2(transparent switch):

Switch2(config)#vtp mode transparent



Switch 3 & 4(client switches):

Switch3(config)#vtp mode client



How to see the VTP status:

22)NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSALATIONS (NAT):

There is 3 types of NAT .

1)Static NAT

2)Dynamic NAT

3)PAT (port address transalations)

Note : without dynamic NAT we cant configure the PAT.

Switch# show vtp status


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1)STATIC NAT:

Its converting the one private IP into one public IP.

Syntax forstatic NAT:


Router(config-if)#ip nat inside


Router(config)#ip nat outside

Router(config)# ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.1 1.1.1.100

2)DYNAMIC NAT:

One private IP is converting into no.of public IPs within the pool range.

Syntax fordynamic NAT:


Router(config)# ip nat inside source static (insidelocal IP) ( inside global IP)


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Router(config-if)#ip nat inside


Router(config)#ip nat outside

Router(config)# ipnat

Router(config)# ip nat pool chary 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.9 netmask 255.0.0.0

Router(config)# ip nat inside source list 10 pool chary

Router(config)#access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

3)PAT:port address translations

No of private IPs converting into one public IP is called PAT.

Ex: internet

Syntax for PAT:

Router(config)# ip nat inside source list 10 interface s0/0 over load

23.SERVERS:

DHCP SERVER:

Dynamic host control protocol.

Assigning IP address to all systems in a network automatically or dynamically.

Working based on port no 67, client 68.

Relation between server and client is DORA.

DHCP working based on BOOTP protocol. DHCP server sending IP address to client.

DNS SERVER:

Domain name server.

It resolving IP address to host name and host name to IP address.

Router(config)# ip nat pool netmask

Router(config)# ip nat inside source list 10 pool

Router(config)# access-list 10 permit


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DNS server working based on port no53.

In this servers two types of zones

1)forward look up zone (nameip)

2)reverse look-up zone (ipname)

It is also providing multiple domain names .

MAIL SERVER:

It is exchanging the servers . send mail .

It has 5 protocols .

1)smtp- 25: simple mail transfer protocol( its out going mail)

2)pop3-110: post office protocol version 3 ( it is a incoming mail from outside )

3)imap4- incoming mail access protocol version 4.

By using this imap 4 we get multiple mails from out side.

4)nntp-169: network new transfer protocol .

It is a sending online news .

5)www/http- 80: hyper text transfer protocol

Before we create a mail server first we create FQDNfully qualified domain name.

Ex: http:\\www.wipro.com

FTP-21: file transfer protocol.

It is using to send or transfer the file between intranet and internet

20- for download

21- for upload.

ACTIVE DIRECTORY:

Centralized srorage data base which is create user name information, groups information ,

pass word information , tcp/ip information , system information.

By using active directory assigh the users .


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24.ACCESS CONTROL LIST:

To control the flow f traffic or keep on process from inside to out side or from outside to

inside .

In ACL two types of ACL

1)STANDARD ACL

i)named ACL

ii)numbered ACL

2)EXTENDED ACL

ACL rules:

If we want to config in router first we should give deny statement. In acl must and should one permit statement Once we assigned ACL in a router is not possible to rename or modify only delete . It is also called as packet filtering fire wall By default all services enabled from out side Then we assign deny state ment Total ACL range lies between 1 to 199.

STANDARD ACL:

Standard ACL lies between 1 to 99.

In standard ACL all services blocked from both side.

Allow - accept the traffic

Denyblock the traffic

In standard ACL is not possible to block specific services .

EXTENDED ACL:

It lies between 100 to 199.

In extended ACL we can stop specific services from both side.

Smtp, ftp, telnet, http, pop3, etc

By using extended ACL can also block networks /hosts.

Example of some network to hosts.

1. Host to host blocking2. Host to network blocking


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3. Network to host blocking4. Network to network blocking5. ftp blocking6. http blocking7.

smtp blocking

8. pop 3 blocking9. how to restrict telnet.

STANDARD ACL:(1-99)

How to assign basic security for L2 &L3 devices in standard ACL:

Syntax for standar ACL:

Router(config)# access-list 10 deny host 192.168.2.11

Router(config)#access-list 10 deny host192.168.3.12

Router(config)#access-list 10 permit any


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Router(config-if)#ip access-group 10 out

Router(config-if)#ip access-group 10 out

EXTENDED ACL:

1)Host to host blocking:

Syntax for host to host blocking:

Router(config)#access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.1.11 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.10 0.0.0.0

Router(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any


Router(config-if)#ip access-group 101 in

2)Host to network blocking:

Syntax:

Router(config)#access-list 101deny ip 192.168.1.11 0.0.0.0192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255




3)Network to host:





4)network to network:

Note : in extended ACL if we want to block particular host or system with the support of wild

card mask.

To block the particular system we use 0.0.0.0

To block the entire network we use 0.0.0.255

host network

host host

hostnetwork


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5)ftpblocking:

Router(config)#access-list 111 deny tcp 192.168.1.6 0.0.0.0 eq ftp 192.168.2.100.0.0.0




6)http blocking:

Router(config)#access-list 111 deny tcp 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq http 192.168.2.100.0.0.0




7)smtpblocking;

Router(config)#access-list 111 deny tcp 192.168.1.7 0.0.0.0 eq smtp 192.168.2.100.0.0.0




8)pop3blocking:

Router(config)#access-list 111 deny tcp 192.168.1.7 0.0.0.0 eqpop3 192.168.2.100.0.0.0




ftp server

Web server

Mail server


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25.FRAME-RELAY:

Def: to share the between the peers (nighbours).

Framerelay is purely packet switching technology .its working depends on Layer2. And its

working based on the DLCI value .

DLCI : Data Link Connection Identifier.

It has unique value This DLCI value provided by the ISP . By using frame-relay reduce the wasted of bandwidth. (mis use, disconnections) To share the bandwidth equally between the peers or between the same domain

routers.

In frame-relay ther are two types of connection.1)PVC: Permanent virtual circuit.

2)SVC: Static virtual circuit.

1)PVC : PVC is a permanent virtual connection between the peers,(365 days established, )

We need to pay the total amount of 364 days to ISP person ( utilize or not utilized).

2)SVC: Temporary connection between peers in svc connection no need to pay the money

ISP person (365 days)

When we are utilizing svc then only we can pay money to ISP.

In frame relay two types protocols.

i).IETFInternet Engineering Task Force

ii).Frame-relay lmilocal management interface type cisco.

There is 4 types of connection in frame-relay

1. Frame-relay mapping2. Frame-relay point to point method3. Frame-relay point to multipoint4. Non broad cast multi access


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How to configure the frame-relay mapping:

Virtual single connection between the peers is called frame relay mapping.

Basic configure in routers:

Router1(config)#int fa0/0

Router1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

Router1(config-if)#no shutdown

Router1(config-if)#int s0/0


Router1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

Router1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 9.1.1.2 101 broadcast


Router1(config-if)#bandwidth 64


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Verification commands:

Router# show frame-relay map

Router# show frame-relay pvc


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How to configure point to point to method in frame-relay:

Configure steps in routers:




Router1(config)# int s0/0

Router1(config-if)# no ip address

Router1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relayietf

Router1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco

Router1(config-if)#exit

Router1(config)# int s0/0.1 point-to-point

Router1(config-subif)# ip add 9.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

Router1(config-subif)#no shutdown



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Router1(config)#int s0/0.1

Router1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 101

Router1(config-subif)#bandwidth 64






Router2:
















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Router3:



















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26.PPP: POINT TO POINT PROTOCOL:

PPP is WAN encapsulation protocol between two peers.

PPP is a Link Control Protocol/ Network Control Protocol (LCP/NCP).

PPP supports two protocols

1).Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)

2).Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).


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How to configure the ppp in routers:

Syntax for PPP:

Router1(config)#username wipro password ?

0 Specifies an UNENCRYPTED password will follow

7 Specifies a HIDDEN password will follow

LINE The UNENCRYPTED (cleartext) user password

Router1(config)# username wipro password 0 wipro@9






Router1(config-if)# encapsulation ppp

Router1(config-if)# ppp authentication pap chap

Router1(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username ibm password 0 ibm@9

Router1(config-if)#clock rate 64000


Router2(config)# username ibm password 0 ibm@9






Router2(config-if)# encapsulation ppp

Router2(config-if)# ppp authentication pap chap

Router2(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username wipro password 0 wipro@9


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Router2(config-if)#clock rate 64000


27.HOW TO BREAK A PASSWORD OF A ROUTER:

STEP1:

Router# copy running-config startup-config

Then click the restart button.

Then press cntrl+breakquickly.

Next we see rommon mode in a router CLI (command line interface).

rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142

rommon 2 > reset

Self decompressing the image :

##########################################################################

[OK]

STEP2:

Router# copy startup-configrunning-config

HOW TO RECOVERY THE PASSWORD:

Router# copy startup-config running-config

Router# reload

Then press cntrl+break.

RESTART BUTTON


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rommon 1 > confreg 0x2102

rommon 2 > reset

Self decompressing the image :

##########################################################################

[OK]

Router>

Router>en

Password:

Password:

28. HOW TO CONFIGURE THE TELNET PASSWORD

Telnet is remote password of the router. For remote accessing.

Router(config)#enable password ccsp

Router(config)#enable secret ccsp


Router(config-line)#password ccie

Router(config)#aaa new-model

Router(config)#aaa authentication login SECURE-TELNET local

Router(config)#aaa authentication login default local

Router(config)#username wipro password 0 ccsp

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