Charles’ Law The Temperature-Volume Relationship.
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Transcript of Charles’ Law The Temperature-Volume Relationship.
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Charles’ LawCharles’ LawThe Temperature-Volume
Relationship
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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
• French chemist Jacques CharlesJacques Charles discovered that the volume of a gas at constant pressure changes with temperature.
• As the temperature of the gas increases, so does its volume, and as its temperature decreases, so does its volume.
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C h a r l e s ’ L a wC h a r l e s ’ L a w
The law says that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed number of
particles of gas is directly proportional to the absolute (Kelvin) temperature,
mathematically expressed as:
V = V = kkTT
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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
V = V = kkTTV = Volume
k = Charles’ Law constant of Proportionality
T = Temperature in Kelvins
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ExplanationExplanation
• Raising the temperature of a gas causes the gas to fill a greater volume as long as pressure remains constant.
• Gases expand at a constant rate as temperature increases, and the rate of expansion is similar for all gases.
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ExampleExample
• If the temperature of a given amount of gas is doubled, for example, its volume will also double (as long as pressure remains unchanged).
2V = 22V = 2kkTT
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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
Charles’ Law can be modified to a convenient form by solving
for k.
k k = V / T= V / T
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Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
• In a sample with volume V1 & temperature T1, changing either volume or temperature converts these variables to V2 and T2.
VV11 / T / T1 1 = = k = k = VV2 2 / T/ T22
Therefore:
VV11 T T2 2 = V= V22 T T11
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DemonstratioDemonstration of n of
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
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Charles’s law states that when a gas is kept at constant pressure, the volume of the gas will change with temperature.
In this experiment, balloons keep a small amount of gas (air) at an approximately constant pressure.
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As the balloons are dipped into a beaker of liquid nitrogen (-196°C; -320°F), the air inside them quickly cools. The volume of the air inside the balloons decreases as the temperature of the balloons decreases.
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As the balloons are dipped into a beaker of liquid nitrogen (-196°C; -320°F), the air inside them quickly cools. The volume of the air inside the balloons decreases as the temperature of the balloons decreases.
![Page 13: Charles’ Law The Temperature-Volume Relationship.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013112/56649e2e5503460f94b1efde/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
As the balloons are dipped into a beaker of liquid nitrogen (-196°C; -320°F), the air inside them quickly cools. The volume of the air inside the balloons decreases as the temperature of the balloons decreases.
![Page 14: Charles’ Law The Temperature-Volume Relationship.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022013112/56649e2e5503460f94b1efde/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
As the balloons are dipped into a beaker of liquid nitrogen (-196°C; -320°F), the air inside them quickly cools. The volume of the air inside the balloons decreases as the temperature of the balloons decreases.
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Relationship Relationship of Boyle’s Law of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ and Charles’
LawLaw
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Temperature in kelvins
Pressuree in kilograms per square centimeter
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Practical Practical ApplicationsApplications
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Hot AIR BalloonHot AIR Balloon
The hot air that gives the hot-air balloon its name is commonly created by a
propane gas burner that sends powerful jets of flame into the colorful rip-stop nylon envelope. Once the balloon is
aloft, its height is maintained by opening and closing the blast valve, which controls the flow of the gas to the
burner.
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