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The St. Charles Historic District encompasses an area 8)4 blocks long

and 1)4 blocks wide, fronting on the west bank of the Missouri River.

The Historic District is bounded on the north by the south line of

Madison Street; on the east by the Missouri Hiver; on the south (east

of Main Street) by the north line of Chauncey Street and (west of

Main Street) by a line running along the west line of Main Street

100 feet south from the south line of the Boonslick Road and thence

westwardly JO feet to a point 50'6" south of the Boonsliek Road;

and on the west by an alley running north and south from Boonslick

Road to Madison Street or the extensions of the alley where an alley

does not exist. South Main Street forms the long axis of the district.

(Boundaries established by St. Charles City Ordinance No. 3375, refer

to the attached site plan Bap.) The district is oriented 22 degrees

east of north.

Throughout the old section of St. Charles the streets are laid out

in a regular grid with blocks 325 x 250 feet square. Typically the

short sides of the blocks are oriented north and south and the longer

sides, east and west. The longer sides of each block are connected

by an alley which bisects these sides at their midpoint. The St.

Charles Historic District includes blocks 13-20 along the river.

These blocks have an irregular eastern edge which was determined by

the high-water line of the Missouri River. The Historic District's

second range of blocks, on the west side of South Main Street, con

sists of the eastern halves of blocks 23-30 and the northeast corner

of block 22.

The area contains a total of approximately 102 buildings of which

approximately 60 are noteworthy, and 10 are worthy of further study

in order to establish their importance within the context of the

district. The greatest concentration of noteworthy structures occurs

on South Main Street between Tompkius Street and First Capitol Drive.

Houses closely resembling those of the district are also scattered

throughout the city of St. Charles, but they are not of sufficient

concentration to warrant including the entire city within the boun

daries of the Historic District.

The structures on South Main Street are aligned, with facades adja

cent to the sidewalk and ridge roofs commonly sharing the sane

northeast-southwest orientation as South Main Street. Character

istically the structures are 1# to 2)4 stories high with a rectangular

plan front block and rear ell additions. The ridge roofs of the

front sections are oriented parallel to the street passing in front.

Chimneys" are centered on the"vertical aidlines of the gable end walls.

In several examples adjacent structures have their gable end walls

abutted. The structures were built for commercial and/or residential

occupancy. The two story structures typically have living quarters

located above the street level businesses. '

UNDERSTATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

,p '• \ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

L REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

/ (Continuation Sheet)

Missouri

St. Chai-laa

FOR NPS USE ONLY

7-ST. CHARLES HISTORIC DISTRICT

The surviving examples of the earliest buildings in the district

date from the early _nin«teenth. ceatury. These structures are

typically constructed of masonry (brick or stone) on a low stone

foundation with a plain street facade and fenestration evenly

distributed on each facade but not necessarily symmetrical (with

respect to the vertical midline of the facade). The front

entrances are only one or two steps above street level. Typical

finish includes simple wooden cornices, and monolithic stone

lintels or brick relieving arches over the window and door open

ings. Windows are generally 6 over 6 light, double-hung sash.

Openings include entrances to passageways and carriageways giving

access to the rear from the street. Several examples of the

pedestrian passageways survive. The carriageways have been filled

in with additional buildings, except at the First Missouri State

Capitol Building where the carriageway has been restored to its

original form. The rear aspects of the early St. Charles buildings

have ell extensions with galleries along one side. The back yards

include small gardens, storage sheds, outbuildings of necessity,

and wells.

Primary examples of buildings dating from the early nineteenth

century are the 1) Missouri First State Capitol Building, 208-

216 South Main Street, which was constructed prior to 1820.

(Kenneth £. Coombe, "A Restoration Plan For the First State

Capitol of Missouri, St. Charles, Missouri," p. 29) and 2) Stone

Bow, 314-330 South Main Street, constructed ca. 1815. (Building

permit granted to Thomas Lindsay for construction of the north

section, 1815, archive of the late Edna McElhiney Olson, St.

Charles, Missouri.)

The First Missouri State Capitol Building is a series of three

adjoining structures, built of handmade brick, two stories high

and one room deep. Each unit has a central door and flanking

windows on the street level, separated by the arched passageway

which extends the depth of the buildings to the rear yard. The

street level openings are balanced on the second floor by a row

of eleven windows. All windows have 12 over 12 light double-

hung sash. A single ridge roof with hand-split wood shingles

covers the three structures. This building is owned by the

Missouri State Park Board. An extensive $500,000.00 restoration

project for the building, is nearing completion.

Form 10-3<K)o

(July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL; REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY • NOMINATION FORMjr. . '\

(Continuation Sheet)

Missouri

FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

n£>,<?, &4. oo a.7

7 (#2)ST. CHAHLES HISTORIC DISTRICT

Stone fiow consists of two stone buildings, two and one-half stories

high. The stone buildings were formerly separated by a twenty

foot wide carriageway which is now occupied by a brick structure

dating from the mid-nineteenth century. The later brick building

has the same form and profile as the stone row. The row is in

residential and commercial use at present. Extensive repair and

restoration work is needed.

Both the First Missouri State Capitol Building and Stone Dow are

listed oa the National Register of Historic Places as separate

sites.

Mid-nineteenth century alterations to early buildings in the dis

trict include the addition of Mansard roofs, gable windows, orna

mental shingles, wrought iron, more elaborate cornice treatment

and federal type doors with flanking lights. These features were

also incorporated into the buildings constructed in the South Main

Street area, during the old to late nineteenth century.

The federal style two story brick residence at 625 South Main

Street dating from ca. the late 1830's (Edna McELhiney Olson,

comp. Historical Saint Charles. Missouri. 1967, n.p.) exhibits

some of the features which began to appear near the mid-nine

teenth century. The house is back from the street instead of

flush with the sidewalk. The primary facade is symmetrical,

five bays wide with the entrance door centered on the front.

The north and south gable end walls have double end chimneys

connected with a parapet wall. Old views of the house (Olson,

1967, n.p.) show a white picket fence surrounding the yard. The

first floor is 10 steps above the ground level on a high founda

tion.

The Schemmer Brothers Wagon and Blacksmith Shop, constructed 1890,

(Olson, 1967, n.p.) represents the late nineteenth century period

of construction in a form that is still compatible with the

Historic District. This structure exhibits the decorative poten

tial of brickwork. The facade is a false front gable end orna

mented with brick pilasters and corbeled features framing the

raised central portion. The cornice detailing includes corbeled

brick and brick dentil work.

Form 10-300o

(July 1969)



NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES



Missouri

St. Charles

FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Number all entries)

7 (#3)ST. CHABLES HISTORIC DISTRICT

Structures of historical importance in the district include

several inns, called "taverns." Notable among remaining examples

is the Western House located at the southwest corner of the Boon-

slick Hoad and South Main Street. This brick structure is 2#

stories high on a stone foundation. The south and north gable end

walls have double chimneys connected by a parapet wall. The pri

mary (east) facade is 5 bays wide. The windows have double-hung

sash with both 6 over 6, and 2 over 2 lights. Jack arches support

the weight of the wall above the window openings. The doorways

have transoms above and relieving arches. Old views of the struc

ture show a wooden awning, with open, railed deck above, over the

sidewalk along the South Main Street (east) side. The front gallery

is now missing, but a side balcony is cantilevered at the second

story level on the south side. This balcony is protected by a

shed roof, and it is supported by wooden braces which angle out

from the wall. Two ell extensions to the rear form a narrow open

courtyard. Both ells have wooden balconies at the second story

level. A corner entranceway has been cut into the northeast

corner of the building.

A number of wood structures were once present in the district.

Fire and deterioration have removed the majority of the wooden

examples from the scene. Present condition of the remaining

buildings varies, but a high proportion of the exemplary period

structures are either under restoration or are restorable.

f Check One or MOT

n Pre-Columbior

0 15th Century

as Appropriate)

| Q 16th Centu.

D 17fh Centui

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i (if Applicable to lT nineteenth. C6nturyAREAS OF SIGNI FtcANCE (Check One wr More a

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CD Art

Q Commerce

Q Communications

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Q Education

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Architecture

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The St. Charles Historic District has prinary importance as an area

in which a high concentration of late eighteenth to early nineteenth century structures hare sunriTed with little alteration front their

original appearance. St. Charles also has historical associations

of major significance on a local and regional level. The extent of

the historical significance of St. Charles is not yet fully under

stood, but additional research on the early history of the city

will unquestionably clarify the nature and degree of the city's

importance in Missouri history.

Several of the properties in the district are especially noteworthy

for their architectural design and their historical associations,

but superceding the importance of any single structure, is the orer-

all importance, the tout enseable, encompassing the characteristic

form of the period structures, the arrangement of the structures on

their parcels of land, near the street; the layout of the parcels

within each block, some having additional structures behind those

fronting OB the street; and the dimensions of the blocks, alleys,

sidewalks and streets. All of these features which retain the lay

out of the original town plan, contribute to the importance of the

area as a representation of town planning and development in the

eastern Midwest at the turn of the nineteenth century.

The form of the buildings reflects the limitations imposed by avail

able capital, building experience, the labor force and locally

available construction materials: handmade brick, quarried lime

stone and hewn timber. Similar early development occurred else

where in the Midwest, but has frequently been supplanted by succes

sive waves of construction. The nearby St. Louis riverfront, for

example, once had a similar appearance.

The pleasing visual aspect of the South Main Street area draws attention to the city's historical associations. St. Charles was

founded in 1769 by Louis Blanchette. The city has historical sig

nificance as the first white settlement north of the Missouri Hirer.

Blanchette, a French Canadian hunter, founded the settlement as a

Form 10-300o

(July 1969)

.--- •: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

, I '• - , NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

p RATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

''' ,,. INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM


Missouri

St. CharlesFOR NPS USE ONLY

70. y. af(Number «W,

ST. CHARLES HISTORIC DISTRICT

fur trading post, originally called "Les Petits Cotes" because

of the surrounding hills. The Tillage was settled priaarily by

French traders, hunters and farmers. The Spanish, who ruled the

Louisiana Territory from 1770-18C4, Bade little effort to colo

nize St. Charles or the surrounding area.

Following the purchase of the Louisiana Territory by the United

States GoTernment in l&A, the influence and importance of St.

Charles increased. Located south of the confluence of the

Mississippi and Missouri Rivere, this Tillage soon became an

important outfitting station for both land and water transporta

tion routes to the West.

Heriwether Lewis and William Clark embarked on their heroic voyage from St. Charles on Hay 21, I8o4. The journals of this

expedition describe St. Charles as follows:

This Tillage Contns. about 100 houses, the most of them

small and indefferent and about 450 inhabitents Chiefly

French, those people appear Pore, polite and harmonious.

(Bernard DeVoto, ed., The Journals of Lewis and Clark.

1953, p. *>.)

In addition to its importance as a major river port, St. Charles

was the departure point for the Boonelick Road. Originally blazed to serve the Boone brothers in their salt manufacturing

works in Howard County, this road quickly became the settlers'

route to Arrow Rock, at which point the Boonslick Trail joined

with the Santa Fe Trail. A portion of the trail is visible as

it runs from the intersection of South Main Street and Boonslick

Boad to Highway 9<t (just over a mile in length). On the south

west corner of South Main Street and Boonslick Boad stands the

Western House, which served as a hostelry, stable and black

smith shop.

The St. Charles Historic District is also significant as" the

scene of the First Missouri State Capitol (l821-lo26K The

buildings which house the capitol are presently being restored

by the Missouri State Park Board, and have been listed on the

National Register of Historic Places as the "First Missouri State

Capitol Buildings."

Form 10-300o

(July 1969)





Missouri

St. CharlesFOR NFS USE ONLY

7M-df OOA?


The ,St. Charles Historic District is currently included in a

244 acre project area of the Land Clearance for Redevelopment

Authority of the City of St. Charles, Missouri. The project

is officially designated: First State Capitol Urban Renewal

Project, Project No. Mo. R-63, St. Charles, Missouri.

The following statement on the current status of the project

in St. Charles was prepared by Mr. James H. Quackenbush,

Executive Director of the Land Clearance for Redevelopment

Authority of the City of St. Charles, Missouri. Mr. Quackenbush

supplied the statement at the request of the Missouri State

Historical Survey and Planning Office in order to comply with

the directive in the April, 1970 issue of the National Register

Newsletter pertaining to National Register properties located in

urban renewal areas:

The Land Clearance for Redevelopment Authority of the

City of St. Charles, Missouri, has completed the first

year of a two-year survey and planning study for the

"First State Capitol Urban Renewal Project" in the

City of St. Charles, Missouri.

The Project is financed under a $310,896 Contract for

Advance which was executed July 10, 1969, by the

Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development. . . .

The proposed project area, consisting of 244 acres,

includes the downtown central business district (CBD),

one mile of undeveloped frontage along the Missouri

River, a Historical District, and the surrounding

residential and commercial areas. The designated pro

ject area is bounded generally on the east by the

Missouri River, on the south by Reservoir Avenue, on

the west by Fifth Street and on the north by Clark

and Adams Streets. The Project comes under the com

bined jurisdiction of the St. Charles LCRA, the City of

St. Charles and the U.S. Department of Housing and

Urban Development (HUD).

R. W. Booker and Associates, Inc., a St. Louis firm of

engineers, architects and planners, has been engaged

in the research and planning of the project. The

Booker firm will render certain technical advice and

assistance to the Authority in the preparation of an

Form )0.300o

(July 19691






Missouri


ENTRY NUMBER

'.?, A -f, oo A 1(Number all entries)

8. (# 3)


Urban Reneval Plan for the First State Capitol Project.

A federal grant of $4,602,402 has been reserved for

the execution of the proposed St. Charles Urban Renewal

Project. Within the project boundaries is the nearly

restored historic First State Capitol building. . . .

The Urban Renewal Plan will be a blueprint for action

to revitalize the Central Business District; reduce

traffic and parking problems; renovate, preserve and/

or restore the Historical District; develop the Missouri

River waterfront; conserve and rehabilitate the sur

rounding residential and commercial areas within the

Project; and to design and install certain improvements

and public facilities such as streets, curbs, sidewalks,

storm sewers, street lights, sanitary sewers, water

lines, landscaping and park improvements.

(James H. Quackenbush, Executive Director of the Land

Clearance for Redevelopment Authority of the City of

St. Charles, Missouri, accompaniment to a letter to

the Missouri State Historical Survey and Planning

Office, June 25, 1970.)

NATIONAL /-

REGISTER

r•îifi(ia;OR : 8WtieGt?*r>M!eAL'«e.FEKgMCES : :-;'^vy^j^;v*^v'^-&N^^S;w,;i;:^:,;vS- ;.;:;: J'H";.':.- vSsSw:;

1. Cal dwell. Dorothy, Historic Sites Catalogue, Columbia: VonHoffaan Press Inc., 1963.

2. DeVoto, Bernard. The Journals of Lewis and Clark. Boston: HoughtoaMifflin Company, 1953.

3. Houck, Louis. A History of Missouri. (3 Tola) Chicago: H.B. Donnelley and Sons Co., 1908.

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Mi Patricia HolMP, Hasearch Architectural Httt&BiS1 *OR O AN,ZAT,DN Missouri State Park Board DATE

State Historical Surrey and Planning Office May 13, 1970

P.O. Box 176, 1204 Jeffersc

Jefferson CityK.i;&$tt':MM&&-&Ft£^rK!iW{ft$M)Kfisv: :::-W:'f

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public I.aw

in the National Register and certify that it has been

evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended

Title mrectcur. MisBour^State ParkBoard, ana Missouri State Liaison

^^J7,L 2£_^_

———

,„ »,<,«,„STATE ' CODE

Missouri 65101 24^^'-s^rptfSMS'^^SW^SiM^N^Sf!'^';

I hereby certify that this property is included in the

National Register.

Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation

SEP ? ? 1970

Date

ATTEST:

Keeper of Tê National Renter

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Tonography fro:i aerial photographs by photogrammetric methods

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ST. CHARLES, MO., HISTORIC DISTRICT

• OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE

• OF IMPORTANCE

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D OF NO IMPORTANCE OR VALUE UNDETERMINED

• DENOTES AREA NOMINATED TO THE NATIONAL

REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

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MISSOURI-KANSAS-TEXAS RAILROAD

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MISSOURI-KANSAS-TEXAS RAILROAD

ST CHARLES, MO., HISTORIC


• OF IMPORTANCE

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Form 10-30CIO

(July 1969)






Missouri

St. CharlesFOR NPSUSE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

7(1,f. HiL(Number all entries)

6.


Missouri State Historical Survey (state)

1970

Missouri State Park Board

P.O. Box 176

1204 Jefferson Building

Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 Code: 24

Form 10-3000

(July 1969)






Missouri


ENTRY NUMBER

. f>(i

4.


Houck, Louis. The Spanish Regime in Missouri. (2 vols)

Chicago: R~TT.~ Donnelley and Sons Cof, 1909.

5. Meyers, Duane. The Heritage of Missouri A History.

St. Louis: State Publishing Co., Inc., 1964.

6. Olson, Edna McElhiney. Historical Saint Charles. Missouri,

1967.

7. Olson, Mrs. Edna McElhiney, private archive, c/o 125 North

Fifth Street, St. Charles, Missouri 63301.

8. Coombs f Kenneth E. "A Restoration Plan for the First State

Capitol of Missouri," St. Charles, Missouri, 1968.

9. Quackenbush, James H. Executive Director of the Land

Clearance for Redevelopment Authority of the City of

St. Charles, Missouri, accompaniment to a letter to

the Missouri State Historical Survey and Planning

Office, June 25, 1970. On file at the Missouri State

Park Board, P. 0. Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building,

Jefferson City, Missouri 65101.

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176

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Jeffern

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Mis

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65101

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"< E

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Tfie rcFtorot] Ilisnourl First State Capitol BiilliUng.

Vicv; from the nouth-

vert to the northoact showinf the front (uest) facade of the row hin'lciuj

nt left and die nrmth fahle end vail at rirj-,t.

The arched opening at cen

ter front is the carriageway passinf; to the rear of the building.

iiaiM

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t:.'

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harl

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18

5

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inE

V

IEW

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IRE

CT

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, ET

C

Bu

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ing

at

the sit

e of

B]

an d

iet t e'

K

Landin

g,

906

South

M

ain

S

treet.

V

iew

fr

om

w

est

to

th

e east.

S

tructu

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its

the ty

pic

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appeara

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of

a one-s

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dw

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ing in

th

e his

toric

d

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him

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s are

lo

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on

th

e gable

ends.

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terio

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flo

or le

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is th

ree

ste

ps hig

her

than

th

e

front

yard

.

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St. Charles Historic District

Boundaries at

; shown on site plan map

TA

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6,

1969

LJ

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17

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Jeff

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on

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, M

issouri

6

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OR HISTORIC:

|2. LOCA'fioTT" ~~_~~

Cl

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St.

C

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Khovm on site plan

____

Q'fo

REFERENCE"

St. Charles

State Historical Survey Missouri State Park Board

DATE OF PHOTO:__4u£US.t_22j...l2S2_

Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176

Jcft>rr.oiT_Bi'-i.lfjirig,_Jefferson_.City, Missouri

65101

ES

C'R

IBE

V

IEW

. D

IRE

CT

ION

. E

TC

.

Rear view of the JOO block of South Main Street, east side of the street.

View from the southeast to the northwest.

Typical of the area are the

roar ells and wooden galleries, stairs to the back yard, fences and

various outbuildings.

KaiM

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te:

Site

It cut

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ST

AT

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24

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18

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IT:

Ron

Walk

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tate

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OT

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n6

6.

1969

12

04

Jeff

ers

on

B

uil

din

g,

Jeff

ers

on C

ity

, M

isso

uri

6

51

01

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NT

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DE

SCR

IBE

V

IEW

. D

IRE

CT

ION

. E

TC

. jj

ow str

uctu

res

on

east

sid

e

of

South

M

ain

S

treet

'betw

een

F

irst

Capit

ol

Dri

ve

and

Jackson S

treet.

V

iew

fr

om

th

e

nort

hw

est

to

the

so

uth

east.

T

hese

str

uctu

res characte

riz

e

the

buil

din

gs

of

the S

t.

Ch

arl

es

His

tori

c

Dis

tric

t in

p

rop

ort

ion

, fo

rm

an

d

use

of

mate

ria

ls.

A rear

vie

w of

these

str

uctu

res

in

the

30

0

blo

ck

of

South

M

ain

S

treet

is

als

o

in-

elu

ded

in

the

no

min

ati

on

fo

rm.

Sit:

tete

r

fci?

!!.

> !

•:....___

Via

; i;.:

i-if

lO. _

__

fefe

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ies

~ a

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1.

NA

ME

COMMON:

St. Charles Historic, pi strict

>' O R HI&TOKIC:

EN

T

RY

N

UW

i o

mo

N

_

__

____

___

_ __

____

____

_ _

____ _________

. S

TR

iJE

T

AN

D N

UM

BE

R:

____

Boundaries as shown on site plan map_________________________

Cl

TV

O

R

TO

WN

:

__ S

t.

Ch

arle

s

__

_._

_..

._..

__

__

____..______________._

___

___

_C

£D

E_ C

OU

NT

Y:

CO

DE

Mis

souri_

____________

_24™

_____S

U_G

li£rlc

s_________J83_

FE

_R

EK

Ct

__

_

_

__

_

______ __

__

__

__

__

__

__

1_

__

_J__

__

__

_________

PHOTO CREDIT:

non Halkgr. State Historical Survey, Missouri State Park Board

0_ATE OF PHOTO_:_

JUnG_6_, 1969 ______ ___

________________________ _

_________________________________________

Ui

^EGAT.VE rn ED AT/ ~Mi s B on r i" ~Statc Park BciaTdT^- ^~~Box 176

_1204 Jefferson Euildlnf;, Jefferson City, Missouri

65101

HlB

tiF

ICA

TIO

N

___

_

~"~

-

~DIRECTION, ETC.

pow structures on east side of South Main Street

"between First Capitol Drive and Jackson Street.

View from the northwest

to the Eoutlicr.st.

Those structure;; characterise the buildings of the St.

Charles Historic District in proportion, form and use of material?.. A real-

view of thcnc structures in the 300 bloc!-: of South Main Slx'eet is also in

cluded in the nomination form.

________________________ ______

______

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or. site plan

St. Charlon

Hi s-'ouri

St. Cherleo

JJSJ

HOTO cREpiTpatric:la HolEios, State Historical Survey Missouri State Park Board

DATE OF PHOTO. August 29, 1957

__.. _ ____

ssouri State Park Bo,ard, P.O. Box r/6

l?0't JcfferGun Building, Jefferson, City, HiBsouri

65101

Roar view of tho 300 block of South Main Street, east side of the street.

View from the southeast to the northwest.

Typical of the area are the

rear ells and v/ooden galleries, stairs to the back yard, fences and

various outbuildings.

iiam

iolS

ite:

/ (

; a

L ^

iite

Numb

ei ________

: Da

te o!

Pho

to:

'. .'

• i

-i i^

I Vi

ewal

Phaf

c . !/

7 ^

LU

111

Ul.'l'l L

i; S

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Ti-s D

tf'A

i.'i;;;

K'l

C!i

ri:[:

i.T

i ["

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i;

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l-JA

L

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OF

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IST

OR

IC P

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AP

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Wal-kei; State Historical Survey

^^ 156 9

i. Stats P»rk_Eo.ggd

Missouri State Perk Board, P.O. Box 1?6

DF

NT

IFIC

AT

ION

_

_

___

E viE»73iif cTT^TTETc"" Buildii^ nt the" site of BHunchette's Landing,

906 South Main Street.

View from wast to the east.

Structure exhibits

the typical appearance of a one-story dwelling in the historic district.

Chimneys are located on the gable ends.

Tho anterior floor level is three

steps higher than the front yard.

Charles - DNR · The St. Charles Historic District encompasses an area 8)4 blocks long and 1)4...

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Transcript of Charles - DNR · The St. Charles Historic District encompasses an area 8)4 blocks long and 1)4...