Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air...
Transcript of Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air...
![Page 1: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996)
• November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision. • Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 collided with Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763 • killing all 349 people on board both planes. • Root cause of the disaster was communications difficulties in the Kazakhstani
plane. • None of the Kazakhstani flight crew, except the radio operator, understood
English.
![Page 2: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2 2
Pilot’s Perspective
Sustaining Language Proficiency
By
Yousaf Hashmi Horizon International Flight Academy
UAE
![Page 3: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
OVERVIEW
• Brief History of Horizon
• English Language Proficiency
• Horizon’s strategies • Conclusion
![Page 4: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
HORIZON AT A GLANCE • Owned by Mubadala • Inception in 2002 as a GCAA approved Rotary Wing Training Organization • First batch of RW students graduated in 2003 • Fixed Wing Training started in 2007 • Total Students (to date) : more than 1500 (RW & FW) • JAR Approval in 2010
• EASA Approval June 2015
• Approved ISO 9001 : 2008 • Aviation English Training and ELP Testing since 2010 • ELPAC approval by Euro Control in 2015.
![Page 5: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Horizon Family
![Page 6: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
ELT & ELP TESTING AT HORIZON
• Horizon identified a great demand for ELT in the aviation industry
• Started ELT and ELP testing in 2010
• Evolved into a very important element of Horizon Training.
• Offers Basic English Language Training (ELT) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP) i.e. Aviation English
• Provides ELP testing.
![Page 7: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
ELP
ACQUIRE SUSTAIN
![Page 8: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
AQUIRING ELP
Aviation Training
L1 Native English
Speaker
L2 Non-Native
English Speaker
ICAO LEVEL
6
ICAO LEVEL
5/6
Weak ELP
ESP
ICAO LEVEL
4
High ELP
ELT
Aviation Training
Aviation Training
ESP
No significant gain in ELP
Duration needs to be identified
![Page 9: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
SUSTAINING ELP
ICAO LEVEL
6
• Validity period • Accountability
• Non Standard RTC • Slang • Diverse Accents • Idiomatic expressions • Intonations
ICAO LEVEL
5
Weak ELP
ICAO LEVEL
4
Validity 3 Years
No regulation if L4 continue
High ELP
L2 Non-Native
English Speaker
L1 Native English
Speaker
L2 Non-Native
English Speaker
• Good language skills • Good RTC skill • Will have more tendency to adhere
to standard RTC
![Page 10: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
POTENTIAL PROBLEM
ICAO LEVEL
6
Weak ELP
ICAO LEVEL
4
L1 Native English
Speaker
L2 Non-Native
English Speaker
Communicate
![Page 11: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
IMPLICATIONS OF LOW ELP
Low ELP poses a potential hazard for safety in terms of:
• RTC
• Professional Aviation training • Flight crew
• ATC
• Engineers and Technicians
• Ground handling staff
![Page 13: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
ELP Vs TRAINING & SAFETY
ELP
THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE TRAINING
FLIGHT TRAINING
ELP
![Page 14: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Holistic Perspective
Design and Development
Training Testing
![Page 15: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
DESIGN
Limitations resulting from mass produced curriculums:
• One size fits all concept
• Aviation English designed to address candidates with higher ELP levels (generally CEFR B1)
• Most programmes do not cater for target demographics and cultural sensitivity.
• Important pre-requisite for ESP: “Needs Analysis” is missing
• Scenario based designs that may not be applicable.
• Most focus on fixed wing
![Page 16: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
ICAO GUIDELINES
ICAO Doc 9835
Chapter 4
Page 4-9
Memorization of ICAO phraseologies alone does not constitute language proficiency and aviation English training should not be limited to phraseologies.
![Page 17: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
MODULES
ELT ESP
Advanced Foundation
![Page 18: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Design
ELT
SKILLS • Listening • Reading • Speaking • Writing
Aviation English
SYSTEM
• Vocabulary • Grammar
Aviation terminology
![Page 19: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Holistic Perspective
Design and Development
Training Testing
![Page 20: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TRAINING
Limitations and issues: • Lack of regulatory framework
• Pre-entry level • Training duration and requirements • ICAO Level 4 minimum at the time of issuance of aircrew license
• Fossilized Errors • ELT Instructors
• Native speaker??? • Qualification • Experience • Lack of appreciation and sympathy (for/from)
• Customer approach • No regulations for Non-licensed flight crew training • “Language training providers encounter unrealistic
expectations on the part of clients and sponsors who want short term language training solutions, a “magic bullet” for language learning.” ICAO Doc 9835 Page 4-11
![Page 21: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
EXISTING MODEL
FLIGHT TRAINING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
ICAO LEVEL 4
3 YEARS
NO ELP PREQUISITE
COGNATIVE OVERLOADING
![Page 22: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
HORIZON MODEL
FLIGHT TRAINING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
ICAO LEVEL 4
Pre- Entry ELP
Check IELTS/TOEFL
YES
ESP
ELT
Significant ELP improvement is not expected during aviation training. Part time ELT/ESP to be provided to avoid digression.
![Page 23: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
Holistic Perspective
Design and Development
Training Testing
![Page 24: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
ELP TESTING
Limitations and Issues:
• Most of the tests being used are: • Not ICAO approved
• Not all tests require the evaluators to be formally trained and approved.
• Regulatory authorities accept test even if its not approved by ICAO
• ICAO Level 4 validity period needs to be revised
• ICAO Testing scales leave a room for margin
• ICAO Level 6 criteria; a potential risk for RTC?
![Page 25: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
POTENTIAL CONFLICT
ICAO RATING SCALE
LEVEL 6
VOCABULARY Vocabulary is idiomatic, nuanced and sensitive to register. ICAO Doc 9835 Part II A-7
CHAPTER 3 LINGUISTIC AWARENESS
Pilots and Controllers should: • Avoid jargon, slang, and
idiomatic expressions • Be clear, concise, and direct • Speak slowly and clearly ICAO Doc 9835 Page 3-1
ICAO Doc 9835 Appendix E Page E-13 Para 3.6.1 Gives an account of RTC between two native English speakers using non-standard language and causing stress on non-native listeners on the same frequency
![Page 26: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
OUR STRENGTHS IN ELT
• Qualified and Experienced Instructors • Aviation Background • Indigenously designed and developed unique Aviation English
program, tailor made for our customers, based on “Needs Analysis”
• Ability to customize and design ESP program to customer
requirements • Feedback system to continuously monitor training effectiveness
and identifying areas for improvement
• Work in close harmony with flying department to cater for student needs.
• Measurable improvements in our students.
![Page 27: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
VALUE ADDED FEATURE
• In March 2015 Horizon achieved approval by EURO CONTROL as a English Language Proficiency Test center.
• In October 2015 Horizon got GCAA approval for ELPAC
ELPAC
![Page 28: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Blended Learning
CLASS ROOM LEARNING TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
![Page 29: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
HORIZON ELT TEAM
![Page 30: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
EXTERNALLY VERIFIED STUDENT PROGRESS
Group of 20 Students
English Comprehension Test (ECT) Score Average = 39
Horizon ELT + ESP training = 1100 hours (average)
After HIFA ELT/ESP programme ECT Score Average = 70
![Page 31: Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) Meetings Seminars and Worksho… · 1 Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996) • November 12, 1996, Aviation History’s worst mid-air collision.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042606/5f988f4ec4877870842aab98/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
CONCLUSION
• Global Harmonization for ELT and testing systems
• More regulatory oversight of ELT and ELP Testing
• Level 4 validity needs to be revised
• Mandatory to enhance Level 4 to 5 after 3 re-validations
• Level 6 training to be ensured for effective communicative interaction with low ELP ( Pilot-ATC )
• Minimum Level 4 requirement for all aviation personnel involved with RTC of any sort, e.g. Fire fighters, Mechanical Sweepers, airport security personnel etc
• Refresher RTC course before re-validation of ELP test, including Level 6
• All other aviation personnel to acquire a minimum basic ELP