Characterizing and Classifying...
Transcript of Characterizing and Classifying...
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides for
ROBERT W. BAUMAN
MICROBIOLOGY
Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Most diverse group of organisms
• Habitats
• From Antarctic _________ to thermal __________
• From colons of animals to cytoplasm of other prokaryotes
• From _____________ to supersaturated brine
• From disinfectant solutions to ___________
• Only a few capable of colonizing humans and causing disease
Prokaryotes
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.1
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• All reproduce asexually
• Three methods
• Binary fission (most common)
• Snapping division
• Reproductive structure formation
Reproduction of Prokaryotic Cells
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.3
Snapping Division
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.5
Reproductive Structure Formation
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Result from two aspects of division during binary fission
• Planes in which cells divide
• Separation of daughter cells
Arrangements of Prokaryotic Cells
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6a
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6b
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6c
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6d
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.6e
Arrangements of Cocci
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7
Arrangements of Bacilli
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7a
Arrangements of Bacilli
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7b
Arrangements of Bacilli
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7c
Arrangements of Bacilli
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.7d
Arrangements of Bacilli
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Produced by Gram-________ Bacillus and _________
• Each vegetative cell transforms into ____ endospore
• Each _______ germinates to form ____ vegetative cell
• = defensive strategy against _____________________
Endospores
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.8
Endospore Formation
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.8
Endospore Formation
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.9a
Locations of Endospore
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.9b
Locations of Endospore
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Extremely resistant to ______________________ and lethal chemicals
• Stable resting stage
• Can remain viable for _____________________ years
• Serious concern to ___________, health care professionals, and ___________
Endospores
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Currently based on genetic relatedness of rRNA sequences
• Three domains
• Archaea
• _______
• Eukarya
Modern Prokaryotic Classification
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Archaea
• Unique rRNA sequences
• No _____________
• Different membrane ______
• AUG start codon = methionine
• Types
• ______________
• Thermophiles
• ___________
• Methanogens
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bacteria
• Deeply Branching Bacteria
• Phototrophic Bacteria
• Cyanobacteria
• Green sulfur bacteria
• Green nonsulfur bacteria
• Purple sulfur bacteria
• Purple nonsulfur bacteria
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Gram Positive Bacteria
• Low G + C
• High G + C
• Clostridia
• Mycoplasmas
• Bacillus
• Listeria
• Lactobacillus
• Streptococcus
• Staphylococcus
• Corynebacterium
• Mycobacterium
• Actinomycetes
• Actinomyces
• Nocardia
• Streptomyces
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.3.1
Summary of Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.3.2
Summary of Selected Gram-Positive Bacteria
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• ___________ and ___________ group of bacteria
• Proteobacteria - Five distinct classes
• Alphaproteobacteria
• Betaproteobacteria
• Gammaproteobacteria
• Deltaproteobacteria
• Epsilonproteobacteria
• Chlamydias
• Spirochetes
• Bacteriods
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.4.1
Summary of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 11.4.2
Summary of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria