Characteristics of Text Type and Purpose

These units of study correspond to text types found in the Common Core State Standards. They include: Opinion, Informative/Explanatory, and Narrative. The opinion lessons focus on supporting a point of view with reasons and information. The Narrative writing lessons focus on ways to recount an event or tell a story. Although there are commonalities among all types of writing, each text type has unique characteristics. Teaching students to recognize and use these unique characteristics helps them write with greater clarity and purpose. Below are tables listing characteristics or elements of each text type. Familiarizing yourself with this table may assist you in the planning and teaching of the lessons in each unit. Please note, not all of these characteristics are taught at each grade level.

CCSS Writing Standard 1: Opinion Writing Characteristics or Elements Notes

Organizational Structure: Introduction • States a clear position, view or opinion

on a topic Body • Supporting paragraphs are linked to the topic • Evidence is provided / cited as appropriate

Conclusion • Summarize, ask a question, circle back, etc.

Word Choice • Vocabulary specific to the subject and domain, and

appropriately reflective of the text source • Linking words to tie ideas and categories of information

together

Characteristics or Elements Notes

Organizational Structure: Introduction • States a clear position, view or opinion

on a topic Body • Supporting paragraphs are linked to the topic • Evidence is provided / cited as appropriate

Conclusion • Summarize, ask a question, circle back, etc.

Word Choice • Vocabulary specific to the subject and domain, and

appropriately reflective of the text source • Linking words to tie ideas and categories of information together

End of Unit Checklist: Narrative

Marking Key:

X = I n d e p e n d e n tly / = W ith S u p p o r t

— = N ot Y et Demonstrating

STUDENTS 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

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Informational Writing: Opinion (O1) Opinions

Minilesson Teaching Point: You can agree or disagree with an opinion. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about,

state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Materials: • Text such as Choosing a Pet (Journeys Unit 1, Week 3 Teacher Read Aloud) that presents a concept students may agree or disagree with • Premade anchor charts, one labeled "Dogs make a great pet --Agree" and the other labeled " Dogs make a great pet --Disagree." • Chart paper and pens • Large sticky notes for students • Student access to the text (Journeys anthologies)

Connection: "In our letter writing unit, we wrote one type of opinion writing when we tried to persuade someone to do something. Other times, writers simply want to express their opinion without trying to persuade us. Our opinion is our thought or feeling about something. When someone states an opinion, everyone doesn't necessarily agree. For example, I might think … (choose your own example), but someone else might think… (choose your own example). When you state your opinion, you still need to support it with reasons."

Teach (modeling): "Earlier this year we read Choosing a Pet. In the text, the author describes the reasons to choose certain types of pets and states that dogs are so popular because we can cuddle up with them, but someone else might disagree. Today we are going to reread the text. Then we are going to think and write our opinions on whether we think dogs make a great pet." Teacher uses think aloud strategy while rereading the Journeys text from earlier in the year to highlight pros and cons of having a dog. Students follow along with the text in hand. Show students the two anchor charts with the sentence frames. "When we support our opinion, we need to use details. One way to do this, is to use evidence from text. Now let's look in the book for details that support either opinion. We will write the details from the book on sticky notes and put the notes on the appropriate chart—either 'agree' or 'disagree.' When we connect to the text, we can use the word 'because.' For example, I would like to have a dog as a pet because they are cuddly.’ Another example is I would not like to have a dog as a pet because I would have to take it for a walk every day.'" Model writing these two sticky notes and putting them on the appropriate charts.

Active Engagement (guided practice): Have students (or partners) use a sticky note to record an opinion and supporting detail and put the note on the appropriate anchor chart. ELD: "Dogs make a great pet because _________."

"Dogs do not make a great pet because _________."

Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, if you would like to continue adding ideas to the charts, you may. If you have an idea for a narrative story, a letter, or a how-to you'd like to write, you may start a new piece." Closure: Teacher shares several ideas from the chart aloud. "It's clear from our charts that there are reasons that support agreeing and reasons that support disagreeing. Tomorrow we will revisit our work with opinions about the dogs." Reflection:

Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments)

Informational Writing: Opinion (O2) Opinion Graphic Organizer

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will use a graphic organizer to plan an opinion piece. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing

about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Materials: • Anchor charts from Lesson 1 • Choosing a Pet (Journeys- Unit 1, Week 3) or other text used for Day 1 lesson • Opinion Graphic Organizer (or prewrite on chart paper) • Individual copies of Opinion Graphic Organizer for students

Connection: "Writers, when we wrote letters, we used a graphic organizer to plan our thinking. We can use a similar graphic organizer to plan our opinion piece." Teach (modeling): "Here's our Opinion Graphic Organizer. First we need to decide if we agree or disagree with the statement, Dogs make a great pet.' It's okay if I have one opinion and you have a different one. Everyone needs to support the opinion they choose with reasons that connect to the book." Model writing your opinion in the first space of the graphic organizer. Use a complete sentence— either "Dogs make a great pet." or "Dogs do not make a great pet.” "Now we write the title of the book here." Indicate the second section on the graphic organizer and write Choosing a Pet. As you write, think about capitalization.

"Next, I'm going to look at our chart and choose three details to support my opinion. I'll write these details on my graphic organizer." It's not necessary to write complete sentences at this point. Model using words and phrases. "We will complete the last section, restating our opinion, in the next lesson." Active Engagement (guided practice): "Writers, now it's your turn to use an opinion graphic organizer to plan your writing. Turn and Talk, telling your partner whether you think you would or would not like to have a dog as a pet and at least one reason for your opinion." Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O -7 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Bridge to Independent Practice: Writers, today you will have time to fill out your graphic organizer. Write your opinion, record the title of the book, and choose three details that support your opinion. We will fill out the last section next time. When you are finished, you may return to a piece you started earlier." Closure: Status of the class—how many agree, how many disagree. "In the next lesson, writers, we will learn how to restate our opinion to plan our ending." Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O -8 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Name _______________________________ Date _______________

Opinion Graphic Organizer

State your opinion. Title of the book or text you are connecting to. Three reasons that support your opinion.

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Restate your opinion.

Informational Writing: Opinion (O3) Restating Your Opinion

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will learn to restate opinions. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state

an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Materials: NOTE: Read biographies aloud throughout this week in preparation for the second project in this unit. • Anchor charts from previous lessons • Choosing a Pet (Journeys- Unit 1, Week 3) or other text used for previous lessons • Opinion Graphic Organizer (or prewrite on chart paper) • Individual copies of Opinion Graphic Organizer for students from previous lesson Connection: "Writers, last time we started planning our writing on our opinion graphic organizer. Today we are going to learn some ways to restate our opinion and then fill out the last section of our organizer." Teach (modeling): "After we give our supporting details, it is important to restate our opinion to remind our readers what we think. Try to say your opinion in a slightly different way. For example, if my opinion is Dogs make a great pet," I might restate my opinion by saying, I could say, 'I would love to have a pet dog.' This time I changed 'like' to 'love.' Another example would be A dog would be a fantastic pet to have.' I changed the order of the words and included the word 'fantastic.' Active Engagement (guided practice): Turn and talk about other ideas for restating opinions. Record some examples on a new chart showing possible ways to restate opinions. If you don't get any examples of opinions that disagree with the original statement, model one or two. Bridge to Independent Practice: Writers, today you will finish filling out your graphic organizer including restating your opinion. When you are finished, you may return to a piece you started earlier.

Closure: Pop-up share of different restatements.

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-11 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments)

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-12 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O4) Drafting

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will draft an opinion piece. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state

an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Materials: NOTE: Read biographies aloud throughout this week in preparation for the second project in this unit. • Anchor charts from previous lessons • Choosing a Pet (Journeys- Unit 1, Week 3) or other text used for previous lessons • Chart paper and markers • Sample completed Opinion Graphic Organizer • Individual copies of Opinion Graphic Organizer for students from previous lessons Connection: "Writers, now that our graphic organizer is complete, it is time to begin writing our opinion piece. I will use the class plan we wrote on our graphic organizer to model how to write a paragraph." Teach (modeling): "When we start a paragraph, we need to tell our reader what we are going to be writing about— the topic. In this case, the topic is our opinion. Since we got our supporting details from a book, we need to also include the title of the book. One way we could do this is:"

"After reading Choosing a Pet, I decided I would like to get a dog as a pet."

"Another way is to use more than one sentence."

"I don't think I would have a dog as a pet. In Choosing a Pet, having a dog as a pet sounds like a lot of work.”

On a new piece of chart paper, model writing the topic sentence for your sample. Then model using your class graphic organizer to put your reasons into complete sentences and link the ideas together with words such as 'and,' 'also,' 'another,' and 'because.'

"Writers, after you finish putting your reasons into complete sentences and using linking words to connect your sentences, you are ready to finish by restating your opinion." Teacher models adding the restated opinion to the sample paragraph. Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-13 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Active Engagement (guided practice): Students orally plan their topic sentence before going off to write. Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, today you will use your graphic organizer to write an opinion paragraph including a topic sentence, your reasons, and concluding statement that tells your opinion again. When you are finished, you may want to reread your piece. Tomorrow we will be working with a partner to make sure our paragraphs are easy to read."

Closure: Partner share. Reflection:

Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-14 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O5) Editing

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will draft an opinion piece. Standard(s): W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as

needed by revising and editing. Materials: NOTE: Read biographies aloud throughout this week in preparation for the second project in this unit. • Sample paragraph written in previous lesson • Anchor charts from previous lessons • A Walk in the Desert by Caroline Arnold (SF Unit 1, Week 4) or other text used for Day 1

lesson • Chart paper and markers • Sample completed Opinion Graphic Organizer • Individual copies of Opinion Graphic Organizer for students • Highlighters for editing (see How-to Lessons and Letter Writing lessons for use of highlighters) Connection: "Writers, yesterday we started writing our opinion paragraphs. Some students are ready to edit their piece so it is easy for others to read. When you are finished writing, work with a partner to make your piece easy to read." Teach (modeling): "First, you will want to check your spelling. You have lots of resources. You have the text. You have the word wall." (List other resources in the room). "Then you will get a highlighter and edit. The highlighter helps us check carefully to see that we have punctuation at the end of each sentence and we start each new sentence with a capital letter." Students do not necessarily hear where sentences end. Use the language you have taught already to support identifying complete sentences. Use the sample paragraph to model using the highlighters.

Active Engagement (guided practice): For this particular lesson, the active engagement comes as students finish writing and get together with a partner for support. Bridge to Independent Practice: Writers, today you will finish writing an opinion paragraph and then work with your partner to check spelling, punctuation, and capital letters. When you are finished, you may work on a piece you started earlier or start a new piece. Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-15 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Closure: Teacher shares several examples from student work. Teacher decides whether or not to do anything further with this introductory piece of writing. Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-16 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O6) Character Traits

Minilesson Teaching Point: Writers use character traits to create a statement of opinion. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about,

state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Materials: • Class set of informational text about the person of your choice (sample provided for Martin

Luther King, Jr. may be copied) • List of character traits (or you may brainstorm one during the lesson) • Chart paper and pens Connection: "We have been working on writing our opinions about the desert. Sometimes people write opinions about real people they learn about. We have been reading about some important people in history (list a few)." Teach (modeling): "These people were important for different reasons. Some people were important because they were brave, generous, helpful, or creative. These descriptive words are called character traits. We can all be described with character traits. We use character traits to describe ourselves, real people, or characters in stories." Display list of possible character traits and read aloud or brainstorm a list. You can always add to the premade list. Active Engagement (guided practice): Read the text in whatever whole-group method you choose, making sure students are following the text. Then brainstorm some possible character traits that describe Martin Luther King, Jr. or your alternate choice. Record character traits to refer back to in the next lesson. Bridge to Independent Practice: "Next time we are going to choose one character trait that describes Martin Luther King, Jr. (or alternate) and look in the text for details that support our opinion. Right now you have time to finish your opinion paragraph or start something new if you're already done." Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-17 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Closure: "Partner share what you wrote about today." Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-18 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Character Traits

adventurous creative fair hard-working inspirational leader patriotic respectful thoughtful

brave curious forgiving helpful intelligent motivational peaceful successful

cooperative determined generous imaginative inventive patient resourceful team-player

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-19 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O7) Finding Supporting Details

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will use a graphic organizer to plan an opinion piece. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state

an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

Materials: • Access to informational text about the person of your choice (sample provided for Martin

Luther King, Jr.). You could reuse student copies from prior lesson or display on document camera.

• List of character traits from previous lesson • Blank graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use Connection: "Writers, when we wrote our opinions about the desert, we used a graphic organizer to plan our thinking. We can use the same graphic organizer to plan our opinion piece about an important person." Teach (modeling): "Today we are going to choose one character trait that in our opinion describes Martin Luther King, Jr. (or alternate). Then we are going to support our opinion with reasons or facts we learned from the text. We can use our graphic organizer to help us plan our writing. First we need to think about how we would describe Martin Luther King, Jr. (or alternate)." NOTE: The following sample is based on the character trait "peaceful." If your students choose something else, adjust details from text as needed. "Now that we have chosen 'peaceful' as our character trait, we will write our opinion on our graphic organizer." Model writing the opinion statement on the graphic organizer.

"Martin Luther King, Jr. was a peaceful man." "The title of the text we are using is Marching for Justice so we write that here." Model writing the title on the graphic organizer. "Writers collect many details to support their opinion just like we did on the agree and disagree charts. We will write each of the details we find in this text on a sticky note."

Active Engagement (guided practice): Read the first paragraph together and decide which detail(s) to record.

"helps other people"

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-21 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Write this phrase on a sticky note and model putting on the back of a graphic organizer. (We will be using the graphic organizer as a folder.) Continue reading one paragraph at a time and deciding if there is or is not a supporting detail in that paragraph. Possible options include: paragraph 2 - talking, marching, singing paragraph 5 - solve problems in peaceful ways, use words instead of fists, Nobel Peace Prize Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, next time we will decide which details we want to use in our piece. Today you will decide who you want to write about and choose a character trait that describes that person. You may choose one of the people we have read about, or you may choose Martin Luther King, Jr. and use a different character trait." Remember to be prepared with your project parameters around choosing a topic. "When you are ready to write your opinion statement, pick up a graphic organizer (indicate where to find the graphic organizer) and write down your opinion statement. Remember to write the title of the text as well." Have sticky notes available for students who are ready for that step. Closure: "Writers, make sure your name is on your graphic organizer. If you have sticky notes, fold your paper so the notes are on the inside and your name is on the outside." Model folding and then collect papers to check status of the class. Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-22 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Marching for Justice

People celebrate Martin Luther King Day in January to honor

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday and his work for justice. On

January 15, 1929, Martin Luther King, Jr. was born. He grew up to follow in his father's footsteps and became a pastor at the

Ebenezer Baptist Church. Part of his job was to help other

people. For 13 years, Martin Luther King, Jr. led marches and gave speeches. He wanted to change laws so all people would be

treated equally. Many people asked him to stop marching, but he didn't stop marching until laws were changed. People even

threatened to hurt his family, but he kept on talking, marching,

and singing. Now people can sit anywhere. People can eat anywhere. People can go to any school. In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his most famous speech in Washington, DC. He spoke to a crowd of over 250,000 people.

He shared his dream of equality for everyone. Dr. King died on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. He was working for justice: talking, marching, and singing. People all around the world admire Dr. King. He taught people how to solve problems in peaceful ways. He used words instead

of fists. He even won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He never

gave up on his dream.

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-23 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O8) Choosing Supporting Details

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will select the three strongest details to support their opinion. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state

an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Materials: • Access to informational text for student choice • List of character traits from previous lesson • Blank graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use Connection: "Writers, in the last lesson we collected details from the text to support our opinion and wrote those details on sticky notes." Teach (modeling): "Writers always choose the strongest details to support their opinion. Today we are going to choose our three strongest details and write them on our graphic organizer." Active Engagement (guided practice): Read the sticky notes from previous lesson. Discuss which reasons are the strongest. For example winning the Nobel Peace Prize is a stronger example of 'peaceful' than helping others. Model recording the three chosen stickies on the graphic organizer. Then demonstrate restating your opinion and recording it on the graphic organizer to complete the organizer. Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, today you will finish collecting your details on sticky notes. When you are ready, choose the three you feel are the strongest and write those on your graphic organizer. When you finish recording your reasons, restate your opinion and finish your graphic organizer."

Closure: "Writers, we will have more time to work later. If your graphic organizer is not complete, please fold your organizer so the sticky notes are on the inside and the name is on the outside." Collect the papers to check status of the class. Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-25 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Reflection:

Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments)

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-26 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O9) Drafting and Revising

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers will draft an opinion piece. Standard(s): W.2.1 Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state

an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Materials: • Access to informational text for student choice • List of character traits from previous lesson • Student graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use Connection: "Writers, now that our graphic organizer is complete, it is time to begin writing our opinion piece. We will use our plan we wrote on our graphic organizer to write a paragraph about our important person." Teach (modeling): "Remember, when we start our paragraph, we need to tell the readers our opinion the title of the text we used to find supporting details, our supporting details, and the conclusion where we restate our opinion." Active Engagement (guided practice): "Now we will work together to write our paragraph about Martin Luther King, Jr. One way we could start is:"

"Martin Luther King is peaceful. I learned this when I read Marching for Justice."

Model using your class graphic organizer to put your reasons into complete sentences and link the ideas together with words such as 'and,' 'also,' 'another,' and 'because.' "Writers, after you finish putting your reasons into complete sentences and using linking words to connect your sentences, you are ready to finish by restating your opinion." Model adding the restated opinion to the sample paragraph. Then model rereading the paragraph for clarity.

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-27 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, think about where you are in the writing process. Are you working on your graphic organizer? Are you ready to start your paragraph? When you are ready, use your graphic organizer to write an opinion paragraph about the important person you chose. Include a topic sentence, your reasons, and a concluding statement that restates your opinion. When you are finished, reread your piece checking to see if your writing is clear. Make any revisions you feel will make your message clear for readers. Closure: Partner share. Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments)

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-28 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O10) Apostrophes

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Using apostrophes correctly Standard(s): L.2.2.c. Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.

Materials: • Samples of text from familiar reads with apostrophes (Marching for Justice) • Premade Anchor Chart for apostrophes • Access to informational text for student choice • List of character traits from previous lesson • Student graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use Connection: "Writers, as I was reading through your work I noticed that we still have some confusion about when to use an apostrophe and when you don't need one." Teach (modeling): Show the premade chart. "There are two reasons to use an apostrophe. The first is in contractions such as 'didn't' or 'he'd.'" Point to examples on chart and define contraction. "The second reason is to show possession, Use an apostrophe before the 's' to show who or what owns or has something. For example, (point to chart) 'Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday' or 'his father's footsteps.'" We don't need an apostrophe in plurals—13 years, solve problems, speeches

Active Engagement (guided practice): "Turn and talk about other contractions you might use in your paragraph." Share out and record a few ideas on the chart.

"Turn and talk about other possessives you might use in your paragraph." Share out and record a few ideas on the chart.

"Turn and talk about other plurals you might use in your paragraph." Share out and record a few ideas on the chart. Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, continue writing your opinion paragraph. If you come across more examples to add to our chart feel free to get a sticky note and add to the chart. Remember to include a topic sentence, your reasons, and a concluding statement that restates your opinion. When you are finished, reread your piece checking to see if your writing is clear. Make any revisions you feel will make your message clear for readers." Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-29 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Closure: Teacher shares examples that have been added to the apostrophe chart. Reflection:

Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-30 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-31 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOl

Informational Writing: Opinion (O11) Editing

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Writers edit to make pieces easier to read. Standard(s): W.2.5 With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as

needed by revising and editing. Materials: • Access to informational text for student choice • List of character traits (or you may brainstorm one during the lesson) with those students

brainstormed in the last lesson indicated • Student graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use Connection: "Writers, last time we started writing our opinion paragraphs. Some students are ready to edit their piece so it is easy for others to read. When you are finished writing, work with a partner to make your piece easy to read." Teach (modeling): "First, you will want to check your spelling. When checking your spelling, remember to pay attention to apostrophes. Are they where they belong? You have lots of resources. You have the text. You have the word wall. You have our apostrophe anchor chart." (List other resources in the room). "Then you will get a highlighter and edit. The highlighter helps us check carefully to see that we have punctuation at the end of each sentence and we start each new sentence with a capital letter." Students do not necessarily hear where sentences end. Use the language you have taught already to support identifying complete sentences. Use the sample paragraph to model using the highlighters.

Active Engagement (guided practice): For this particular lesson, the active engagement comes as students finish writing and get together with a partner for support. Bridge to Independent Practice: "Writers, today you will finish writing an opinion paragraph and then work with your partner to check spelling, punctuation, and capital letters. When you are finished, you may work on a piece you started earlier or start a new piece." Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-33 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Closure: "Tomorrow, writers who have finished will begin sharing their opinion pieces in the author's chair. Teacher decides whether or not to do anything further with this introductory piece of writing. Reflection: Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-34 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Informational Writing: Opinion (O12) Celebrating

Shared Writing Teaching Point: Giving positive feedback to authors. Standard(s):

Materials: NOTE: This lesson happens over several days. It provides time for students to finish writing and limits the amount of student sharing in one day. • Access to informational text for student choice • List of character traits (or you may brainstorm one during the lesson) with those students

brainstormed in the last lesson indicated • Student graphic organizers (see master following Lesson O2) • Chart paper and pens • Sticky notes for student use • Sentence frames on poster or sentence strips Connection: "Writers, today is a very special day because we are celebrating all of the wonderful opinion paragraphs we have been writing about important people." Teach (modeling): "Writers, when we share in a community of writers we have an opportunity to give feedback to the author. In our opinion unit we've been working on identifying character traits, stating opinions, and choosing strong supporting details. After sharing, each author will call on a few students to offer feedback on what worked well in the piece." Teacher shares sentence frames.

"I agree with your opinion that _______ (person) is ___________ (character trait)."

"(Specific Detail) supported your opinion that __________________." "I like the way you restated you opinion by saying ______________________."

Active Engagement (guided practice): Choose several students to share from author's chair. Audience gives feedback. Bridge to Independent Practice: "If you haven't finished, this is the time to finish. If you have finished you may want to write another opinion piece, a story, a how-to, or a letter." Closure: You may want to allow several more students who have finished to share in the author's chair. If many students are finished, you could announce who will be sharing next time. Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-35 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Reflection on unit: Day 4 Resources & References: (adapted from, acknowledgments) Lucy Calkins and Abby Oxenhorn, Small Moments: Personal Narrative Writing

Grade 2 Writing! Opinion O-36 R E V IS E D Ju n e 2014 TRENTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS

End of Unit Checklist: Opinion

Marking Key: X = I n d e p e n d e n tly / = With Suppor t

— = Not Y et Demonstrating

STUDENTS

opini

on  

Uses

facts

that

supp

ort  

Edits

for c

apita

lizati

on  

reas

ons  

conn

ect o

pinion

s and

 Us

es lin

king w

ords

to  

poss

essiv

es  

contr

actio

ns an

d  

corre

ctly f

or  

Uses

apos

troph

es  

Edits

for s

pellin

g  

Intro

duce

s top

ic  

punc

tuatio

n  

Edits

for e

nding

 

State

s opin

ion