Chapters)1~3(a) - Chuo Uc-faculty.chuo-u.ac.jp/~oniki/Resources/Week2.pptx.pdf · Behavioral...

Chapters 1~3(a)

Week 2

Chapter 1

Loca5on: The Academy

Main Characters

•  Clarice Starling •  Jack Crawford

Behavioral Science Unit

•  Known as “Behavioral Research and Instruc5on Unit”


•  Also known as: •  “Behavioral Research and Instruc5on Unit” •  Or: “BRIU”


•  Began at the FBI Academy in Quan5co, Virginia in 1972

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Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit

The Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU)—originally namedthe Behavioral Science Unit—was established at the FBI Academy inQuantico, Virginia in 1972. The BRIU’s vision is to inspire excellenceand leadership in the applied behavioral sciences for the FBI and itspartners in order to further the FBI’s strategic priorities

Since its inception, the BRIU has pioneered the development of differenttactics, techniques, and procedures adopted as industry standards inbehavior-based programs supporting its clients within the lawenforcement, intelligence, and military communities.

Behavioral science is concerned with gaining a better understanding of human behavior. The BRIUfocuses specifically on criminal human behavior in an attempt to better understand criminals—who theyare, how they think, why they do what they do—as a means to help solve crimes and prevent criminalactivity. The BRIU’s team of professionals at the National Center for Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)provides cutting edge training, high-impact research, and academic consultation in the behavioralsciences in support of the FBI’s mission and the work of the broader law enforcement and intelligencecommunities.

The BRIU staffSupervisory special agents, veteran police officers/federal agents, criminologists, psychologists, criminalinvestigations instructors, crime analysts, and program management analysts who possess advanceddegrees and similar experiences in the behavioral science disciplines of psychology, criminology,sociology, and conflict resolution.

Who the BRIU instructsSpecialized, behavior-based training for FBI National Academy students, new agents, intelligenceanalysts, the FBI workforce, and Citizens’ Academies, as well as domestic and international field schoolsfor the criminal justice, intelligence, military, and academic communities.

What the BRIU teachesInstruction on various topics related to the application of behavioral science for law enforcementoperations, including: behavioral science for law enforcement; applied criminology; psycho-socialaspects of criminal behavior; conflict and crisis management/communication; futuristics in lawenforcement; youth violence; death investigations; psycho-social behavior and mindset of gangs; stressmanagement in law enforcement; cyber criminals; and interpersonal violence. For New Agents, theBRIU provides basic instruction on personality traits, behavioral characteristics, and conflict resolution inorder to help them better understand themselves and the action of others.

How to request trainingSubmit a request in writing to the BRIU in coordination with your local FBI field office.

The BRIU’s training commitments are based on resource availability and FBI training priorities.

Research performed by the BRIUFocuses on developing new and innovative investigative approaches and techniques that will assist thelaw enforcement and intelligence communities in their execution of operational and training activities. Anemphasis is placed on identifying offenders’ behaviors and motivations using a variety of researchmethodologies. Much of the research conducted is with the collaboration of outside researchers inacademia and interagency partners.

Current research projects include, but are not limited to: global hostage-taking; mass victimization,homicide clearance; gangs and gang violence; behavior in the cyber world and emerging technologies;future of law enforcement; firearm offenses; counterintelligence and the insider threat; violent andaberrant behavior; behavioral computer modeling for law enforcement; statement analysis; interviewingand persuasion; and law enforcement stress and stress management.

Futures Working GroupThe BRIU also leads the collaboration with the Futures Working Group, a partnership of the Society ofPolice Futurists International and the FBI. The purpose of the Futures Working Group is to develop andencourage others to develop forecasts and strategies to maximize the effectiveness of local, state,federal, and international law enforcement as they strive to maintain peace and security in the 21stcentury.

Interested in an internship with the BRIU?The BRIU participates in the FBI’s Volunteer Internship Program which offers full-time internshipopportunities to qualified students during the academic year on various internship opportunities. See theStudent Center on the www.fbijobs.gov website for more details.

CIRG LinksCIRG Home and Overview

Surveillance and Aviation

Investigations & Operations Support- National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)- Behavioral Analysis- Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP)

Strategic Information & Operations- Strategic Information and Operations Center (SIOC)

Tactical Operations- Hostage Rescue Team (HRT)- SWAT- Crisis Negotiations

Counter-IED Operations- Hazardous Devices School- Special Agent Bomb Technicians (SABTs)

Critical Incident Intelligence

Home • About Us • Critical Incident Response Group • Investigations and Operations Support • BRIU

FBI site

FBI website

•  Behavioral science is concerned with gaining a beVer understanding of human behavior.

FBI website

•  The BRIU focuses specifically on criminal human behavior in an aVempt to beVer understand criminals…

FBI website

•  The BRIU focuses specifically on criminal human behavior in an aVempt to beVer understand criminals—who they are, how they think, why they do what they do…


•  The BRIU focuses specifically on criminal human behavior in an aVempt to beVer understand criminals—who they are, how they think, why they do what they do.


•  “in order to help solve crimes and prevent criminal ac5vity.”

•  How does understanding criminal behavior help us stop crimes?


•  “in order to help solve crimes and prevent criminal ac5vity.”

•  How does understanding criminal behavior help us stop crimes?

•  Let’s understand the term “behavioral science”.


•  The field of Behavioral Psychology

Behavioral Psychology

•  By understanding how someone’s mind works, we can understand how he or she behaves…


•  By understanding how someone’s mind works, we can understand how he or she behaves.

•  We can understand how and why a person acts this way (x) or that way (y).


•  By understanding how someone’s mind works, we can understand how he or she behaves.

•  We can understand how and why a person acts this way (x) or that way (y).

•  This kind of approach to crime is very different from a “moral” approach.

Behavior in terms of morals

•  Understanding behavior in terms of morals.


•  Understanding behavior in terms of morals. •  Understanding criminal acts in terms of morals.


•  Understanding behavior in terms of morals. •  Understanding criminal acts in terms of morals. •  He did this act so he is bad. •  What is the act?


•  Criminals defined by their acts. •  What kind of acts?


•  Criminals defined by the act. •  What kind of acts? •  Stealing, hur5ng, killing, lying, chea5ng.


•  Stealing, hur5ng, killing, lying, chea5ng. •  Understanding criminal acts in terms of morals. •  He did this act so he is bad. •  The act defines someone’s moral character.

But…

•  How do we know someone who is bad? •  How do we know who the criminals are?

•  They have done something bad.

But…


•  They have done something bad. （完了形）

But…


•  They have done something bad. （完了形） •  In other words, we only know who the criminal is aaer the crime has been commiVed.

But…

•  We only know who the criminal is aaer the crime has been commiVed.

•  Isn’t it a liVle too late?

The problem with moralis5c behavior

•  We can only tell whether someone is good or bad aaer the act.

•  A criminal commits the crime, and then we say, “Bad!”

•  But the crime has been commiVed.


•  But the crime has been commiVed. •  In other words, defining behavior in terms of “bad” does nothing to prevent the bad thing from happening.


•  Is there not a way to stop and prevent the crime from occurring?

Preventa5ve Approach

•  Is there not a way to stop and prevent the crime from occurring?

•  Methods used to prevent something (bad) from happening are called “preventa5ve.”

Example: Preventa5ve medicine

•  Washing one’s hands to…prevent infec5on. •  Brushing one’s teeth to…prevent cavi5es (虫歯）

Preventa5ve Approach to Crime

•  Is there not a way to stop and prevent the crime from occurring.

•  In order to prevent crime, we have to understand “criminal behavior.”


•  In order to prevent crime, we have to understand “criminal behavior.”

FBI website

•  The BRIU focuses specifically on criminal human behavior in an aVempt to beVer understand criminals—who they are, how they think, why they do what they do—as a means to help solve crimes and prevent criminal ac5vity.

Modern approach to culture

•  We have to understand our behavior. •  We have to analyze the way we act. •  The modern approach to crime is similar.

Modern approach to crime

•  We have to understand criminal behavior. •  We have to analyze the way criminals act.

Darwin, On the Origin of Species (1859)


•  How the nature of animals can be understood through their behavior and traits.

•  The behavior and characteris5cs of animals is interrelated with their environment.

•  The characteris5cs amongst a single species varies considerably.

•  There is a large variety within a species.


•  The characteris5cs amongst a single species varies considerably.

•  There is a large variety within a species.


•  There is a large variety within a species. •  How then do we understand the variety of humans?

•  How do we understand their behavior?

Ques5on

•  How do we understand human behavior? •  How is analyzing human behavior different from understanding animal behavior?

Ques5on

•  How is analyzing human behavior different from understanding animal behavior?

•  We are analyzing ourselves. •  We have language. •  Language – the ability to think. •  Our thoughts are linked to our behavior.

Ques5on

•  Language – the ability to think. •  Our thoughts are linked to our behavior. •  Our mind is part of our behavior.

The Mind and Behavior

•  Yet if Darwin is correct about the variety within a species, then this means there is a lot of variety not only in the way we act, but the way we think.

Freud, Psychoanalysis

•  Interpreta5on of Dreams (1899)


•  Interpreta5on of Dreams (1899) •  Dreaming: while the body is at rest (not behaving), the mind is at work.

•  This is the 5me/space where our thoughts “cut loose.” (are “free”).


•  This is the 5me/space where our thoughts “cut loose.” (are “free”).

•  By analyzing this space, we can understand the true nature of our thoughts.


•  By analyzing this space, we can understand the true nature of our thoughts.

•  Our dreams can be very strange, even though they are ours.

•  Perhaps they represent our true wishes.


•  Perhaps they represent our true wishes. •  Ones that we are not allowed to act upon when we are awake.


•  In any case, one’s dream can seem strange, as if it is happening to someone else.

•  As if we are simply observing the behavior of someone else…


•  In any case, one’s dream can seem strange, as if it is happening to someone else.

•  As if we are simply observing the behavior of someone else…without the usual brakes we apply in everyday life.


•  As if we are simply observing the behavior of someone else…without the usual brakes we apply in everyday life.

•  日常生活では、「自分」の行動にはブレーキがかかっているのに、まるで他人の行動を観ているような感覚…

Psychology

•  By understanding how our minds work, we can understand how we behave.

Criminal Psychology

•  By understand the mind of a criminal, we can understand how he, she…behaves.

•  If we can understand the mind of a criminal, perhaps we can prevent him or her from commikng a crime in the future.


•  If we can understand the mind of a criminal, perhaps we can prevent him or her from commikng a crime in the future.

•  Contrast with moral approach: •  They have done something bad. （完了形） •  In other words, we only know who the criminal is aaer the crime has been commiVed.

Behavioral Psychology and Preven5on

•  By understanding the mind of a criminal, we can understand how he, she behaves.

•  By understanding the mind of a criminal, we can understand how he, she will behave.

Crawford (p. 2)

•  “We’ve tried to interview and examine all the thirty-‐two known serial murderers we have in custody, to build up a database for psychological profiling in unsolved cases. Most of them went along with it. I think they’re driven to show off, a lot of them.

Crawford

•  “Twenty-‐seven were willing to cooperate. Four on death row with appeals pending clammed up, understandably.”

Crawford

•  “But the one we want the most, we haven’t been able to get. I want you to go aaer him tomorrow in the asylum.”

Crawford

•  Who is the one the BRIU of the FBI wants most?

Crawford

•  Who is the one the BRIU of the FBI wants most? •  Hannibal Lecter •  The mind of a criminal. •  His crimes, that is, his behavior, are the most difficult to analyze.

Crawford

•  His crimes, that is, his behavior, is the most difficult to analyze.

•  Not only is he a serial killer. •  He has eaten his vic5ms. •  But he is difficult to analyze for many other reasons.

Chapter 2

Loca5on: Prison (a)

Characters

•  Dr. Chilton – administrator of Bal5more State Hospital…

Characters

•  Dr. Chilton – administrator of Bal5more State Hospital for the Criminally Insane

Characters

•  Dr. Chilton – administrator of Bal5more State Hospital for the Criminally Insane

•  Hannibal Lecter – former (forensic) psychiatrist


•  Remember, we want to examine not only the way criminals act, but the way “normal” people act in this novel.

•  What is the psychology behind their behavior?


•  Remember, we want to examine not only the way criminals act, but the way “normal” people act in this novel.

•  What is the psychology behind their behavior? •  Behavioral psychology applied to “normal” people.

Sexual Harassment

•  1980s •  “Starling didn’t know which was worse, the photograph or Chilton’s aVen5on as he gleaned her face with fast grabby eyes.”

Sexual Harassment

•  1980s •  “She thought of a thirsty chicken (Chilton) pecking tears off her face.” (p. 12, pdf p. 6).

Which is worse for Starling?

•  The picture of criminal violence •  Or Dr. Chilton’s treatment of Clarice. •  How he looks at Starling as a sexual object.

Sexual/Power Harassment

•  Chilton wants to claim his “power” over Starling.

Sexual/Power Harassment

•  Chilton wants to claim his “power” over Starling. •  Let’s see how Lecter treats Starling in chapter 3.

Chapter 3

Loca5on: Prison (b)

Lecter and Starling (9)

“You brought your best bag, didn’t you?” (Lecter) “Yes.” It was true. She had saved for the classic casual handbag, and it was the best item she owned. “It’s much beVer than your shoes.” (Lecter)

What do we learn about these two characters from this exchange?

“You brought your best bag, didn’t you?” (Lecter) “Yes.” It was true. She had saved for the classic casual handbag, and it was the best item she owned. “It’s much beVer than your shoes.” (Lecter)

Lecter on behavior (10)

•  “No. No, that’s stupid and wrong. Never use wit in a segue (つなぎ目）. Listen, understanding a wikcism and replying to it makes your subject perform a fast, detached scan that is inimical (not good) to mood.

Lecter on behavior (10)

•  “No. No, that’s stupid and wrong. Never use wit in a segue (つなぎ目）. Listen, understanding a wikcism and replying to it makes your subject perform a fast, detached scan that is inimical (not good) to mood.

•  スマートな返事は、ムードを壊してしまう。

Lecter to Clarice

•  What kind of instruc5ons is he giving to Clarice about her behavior?

Next week’s quiz ques5on

•  What kind of instruc5ons is he giving to Clarice about her behavior?

Next week’s assignment

•  Read p. 10~12 of English text. •  P. 10: "Crawford the Stoic is anxious? He must be busy if he's recrui5ng help from the student body.”

•  P. 12: …I could make you very happy on Valen5ne's Day, Clarice Starling."

Next week’s assignment

•  訳文：第４〜６章（とても短いです）

Chapters)1~3(a) - Chuo Uc-faculty.chuo-u.ac.jp/~oniki/Resources/Week2.pptx.pdf · Behavioral...

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