Al-Qaida chief Ayman al-Zawahiri The Coordinator 2015 Part 19-122-Caliphate-al-Zawahiri-10-8-Russia
Chapters 6-10 Review. Chapter 6: The Base 1986 Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri arrives in Peshwar ○ Joins...
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Transcript of Chapters 6-10 Review. Chapter 6: The Base 1986 Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri arrives in Peshwar ○ Joins...
Chapters 6-10 Review
Chapter 6: The Base 1986
Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri arrives in Peshwar○ Joins Arab community○ Adopts customs○ Brother Mohammed follows
Sets up financial pipeline for jihad
Peshwar is in a state of disarary flooded with refugees and being controlled by warlords
Red Crescent Hospital Zawahiri sets up practice Links up with Sayyid Iman (a.k.a.
Dr. Fadl) Goal to re-establish Jihad
○ New recruits○ New direction
“Takfir” or excommunication Divides Arab Afghan community
Bin Laden Attends lectures at hospital Zawahiri and bin Laden need one
another○ Zawahiri needs $○ Bin Laden needs direction
Warns bin Laden of “security threat” and offers services of mujahideen (future al-Qaeda members)
Chapter 6: The Base The Lion’s Den
February 1988 Soviets withdraw in May
○ What would be direction of Jihad?
○ Zawahiri wants to “groom” Osama AND undermine competitor Sheik Abdullah Azzam Against tarkfir
Azzam Wants to build base (Qaeda) Afghanistan only the beginning Focus on: soviet republics,
Somalia, Eritrea, and Spain 1st goal: Palestine
○ Helped create Hamas to battle Israel
○ Didn’t want to focus on Egypt like Zawahiri
Bin Laden torn….. Until August 11, 1988
○ Meeting among leaders○ Vote for new organization○ 1st mention of name al-Qaeda○ Still unclear of mission
Chapter 6: The Base Zawahiri instrumental in
ruining Azzam’s reputation Eventually murdered,
threat to Zawahiri and bin Laden’s al-Qaeda removed.
1st al-Qaeda meeting Set constitution Leadership council
created○ Reps from Egypt,
Algeria, Libya, Oman, Saudi Arabia
By-laws voted on
Chapter 7: Return of the Hero
Bin Laden returns to Saudi Arabia 1989 Kingdom’s 1st real “celebrity” Returned with sense of
mission
Royal Family Out of control as ever Except Prince Turki
○ Pro-democratic, works with CIA, reformed
Division within Islamic Factions in Arabia
Kingdom Financially supports 90% of Islamic
faith Declining oil prices leads to tension Osama voices “anti-west” and
“anti- America” sentiments○ Advocates boycott of US goods
Weird relationship with US○ Saudi’s thought Royal’s condoned
Osama’s statements○ Two countries interdependent
Chapter 7: Return of the Hero
1989: A new planOsama wants to
overthrown Marxist government in Yemen
1st opportunity for al-Qaeda○ Prince Turki declines offer○ Yemen is soon after
united, Osama blames U.S. involvement
○ Bin Laden wants to finance guerrilla war, royal family tells him to stay out of it.
○ Saudi’s take bin Laden’s passport
Chapter 7: Return of the hero
Invasion of Kuwait Saddam Hussien poses
threat to Saudi Arabia and oil fields
Promises not to invade Kuwait, two days later invades.
Bin Laden offers his “services” to Royal Family to fight Saddam○ Prince Turki finally realizes
Osama’s delusions○ Clergy supported Royal
Family Royal Family already
accepted help, from U.S.○ 1st goal to protect Saudi
Arabian oil fields
Operation Desert Storm Starts January 16, 1991 Over by March 6 Saddam still in power, but checked U.S. could “see new world order”
○ Osama NOT happy Osama gets passport back and
heads to Peshawar, Pakistan in March 1992 to help mediate civil war
Realizes the Prince Turki is no his enemy
Chapter 8: Paradise The Afghan Civil War
Most Arabs moved on, tried to return to home countries
Many jailed or refused entry = roaming mercenaries
A New Home June 1989 Islamists staged a
military coup in Sudan○ Leader General Omar Hasan
al- Bashir○ Real brains: Hasan al-Turabi
Believed Arab world was insufficiently Islamic
Too dependent on West Well-educated Envisioned international
Muslim community headquartered in Sudan
Sent bin Laden a letter of invitation- Gave a construction job to
bin Laden Company
Two different people Turabi was far more progressive
and reformed○ Advocated women’s rights, art and
music Khartoum
Happy time for Osama○ had opportunity to imitate father’s
career○ Largest landowner in Sudan○ Generous employer○ Did not participate in conflict in
Southern Sudan U.S. presence in Saudi Arabia still
bothered him
Chapter 8: Paradise Opportunity
U.S. soldiers stopping over in Yemen on way to Somalia to help with famine○ Al-Qaeda believed this was just an
excuse to extend U.S. control New idea of Jihad against America
○ Linking to the Crusades○ Struggle between Christianity and
Islam○ America was “everywhere”○ Unite all sects of Islam against U.S.
December 29, 1992 Bombs exploded in Yemen, targeting
US troops No troops died, but moved on to
Somalia Al-Qaeda saw this as victory
○ Two innocent civilians died○ Led to new fatwas
Attack US troops Murder of Innocents
Chapter 9: Silicon Valley February 26, 1993
World Trade Center Bombing○ Few Americans had any idea
of radical Islamists in country○ Bombing done by Ramzi
Yousef Product of al-Qaeda Ordered by bin Laden? Ambition and skill changed
nature of terror○ Explosion
Six people died, 1, 042 injured Yousef fled to Pakistan
○ Plotted assassinations of Pope John Paul II, Bill Clinton and others
○ Lacked organization○ Importance was SYMBOLISM
of attacks
Chapter 9: Silicon Valley Fundraising
Zawahiri is in states fundraising for the jihad
Guide: Ali Abdelsoud Mohammed○ Assigned to penetrate CIA○ Does, is exposed but too late○ Becomes U.S. citizen○ Joins Army
While being a “good” soldier he’s copying manuals and maps for al-Qaeda
Training Muslim militants on the weekends
○ Takes leave in 1988, joins reserve in 1989
○ Meets with FBI 1993 Gives info on bin Laden, al-Qaeda Information dissmissed
$ Problems Zawahiri can’t raise funds needed Realizes he must join bin Laden to
keep Jihad alive
Egypt Still Zawahiri’s main focus August 1993
○ 1st use of suicide bomber Became known as “martyrdom
operations” Broke taboo against suicide
○ Backfires Young girl killed Egypt turns against terrorism
Chapter 10: Paradise Lost
Sudan Sociopaths and philosophers
flock to bin Laden Gave them a common enemy Convinced America only needed
a couple “blows” 1st Chance- Somalia
U.N. overseeing peacekeeping effort dealing with famine, backed by U.S.
Several failed attacks Local tribesmen shoot down two
Black Hawk helicopters and drag bodies through streets○ President Clinton immediately
withdraws troops Proved bin Laden’s assessment
of U.S. and furthers his ambitions
Algeria 1992 Al-Qaeda gets involved in civil
conflict Country drenched in blood for five
years Argued democracy and Islam
incompatible○ Anyone with voter card deserved
to die Even bin Laden alarmed by
slayings and removes support, but damage is done
Early 1990s Osama still refining concept of al-Qaeda
Chapter 10: Paradise Lost
1994 Attempt on bin Laden’s life
○ He blamed Egyptians○ CIA believe Saudi’s in charge○ This event allows Zawahiri to
have more influence Convinces Osama for need of
bodyguards and to carry weapons International Pressure
Algeria and Yemen pressuring Saudi family to stop bin Laden
Egypt revokes his citizenship Saudi’s revoke his passport Bin Laden family ordered to cut
him off○ His business failed in Sudan,
money running out○ Cut salaries○ Jamal al-Fadl becomes 1st traitor
1990s Africa Continent bleeding
○ Conflict in: Liberia, Angola, Sierra Leone, Congo, Nigeria, Rwanda, Burundi, Zimbabwe
Bin Laden sends operatives to Kenya to stake out targets
U.S. embassy becomes main target○ Almost attacked but held “off”
when U.S. withdrew from Somalia
1995 Osama having 2nd thoughts Wants to return to the
Kingdom, to family Has opportunity, but it never
happens…….