Chapter9 Flexible

Universal and Accessible Design for Products, Services, and Processes

김희진

Contents

Chapter goals Flexible

Principle Discussion Strategies A design challenge

Conclusions

Chapter goals

State the flexible universal design principle and strategies Discuss the relationship between flexibility and assistive

technology Explore the design trade-offs between flexibility and

complexity

Flexible

Design products, systems, and environments with enough flexibility so that they can be used and experienced by people of all abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations.

Principle

Discussion

Flexibility Complexity Performanc

eCost

Multiple choices

Adjustability

Assistive technologies(ATs) compatibility

Flexibility result from

Design strategies

Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices

Strategy 12.1: Provide the user with a choice of language(English, French, etc.)

Strategy 12.2: Provide the user with a choice of mode for communication

Strategy 12.3: Ensure compatibility with appropriate assistive technology

Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility

Strategy 13.1: Provide ergonomic and environmental adjustability

Strategy 13.2: Provide perceptual adjustability

Strategy 13.3: Provide adjustable response times

Strategy 14: Build flexibility into service delivery systems and work processes

Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.1: Provide the user with a choice of language(English,

French, etc.)

Allow users to select the language of choice Global markets are forcing not only multinational corporations but

everyone doing business globally to be responsive to the languages used to present a product or service

Ex_1) The European Union(EU) website ( http://europa.eu/index_en.htm )

Ex_2) Operating instructions of Electronic and information technology product

At least 3~4 languages Agilent’s Quick Help system provide help message in 11 languages

Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.2: Provide the user with a choice of mode for

communication

Allow users to select the mode of interaction: visual, auditory, Braille, sign language, etc.

Examples Television sets have the option of displaying captioning Computers are starting to offer text-to-voice programs as part of their standard

package Use of signing avatar

(animated figures that provide sign language presentations of information )

Voice recognition Growing demand for “hands-free mobile phone” operation

UK has legislation requiring hands-free mobile phone operations for driver A number of companies are selling Bluetooth voice recognition kits for

hands-free use

Using voice recognition provides benefits to both non-impaired (hands-free phone use while driving) and impaired users (access to phone service)

Strategy 12: Provide the user with choices Strategy 12.3: Ensure compatibility with appropriate assistive

technology(AT)

Ensure that appropriate ATs can be effectively used with the designed entity

Controversial issues Who is responsible for ensuring the compatibility?

the designer & manufacturer of products and services ? the designer and manufacturer of the assistive technology?

Who must change their design so as to avoid interference?

ATIA (The Assistive Technology Industry Association) ATIA is a trade association of the manufacturers and suppliers of

assistive technology. Address legally mandated compatibility requirements The longer-term issues of compatibility across all products and services,

whether covered by legal mandates or not http://www.atia.org/

Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility

Strategy 13.1: Provide ergonomic and environmental adjustability

Allow users to adjust the entity to their individual environmental preferences and body size and shape

Car Adjustable seats, steering wheels, floor pedal positioning, and mirror

positions The driver can select either a digital display or an analog display for

speed, temperature, pressure, etc. Housing

Flexible layout Providing multiple options for use of space and an infrastructure

that supports quick and easy accommodations Home automation

Allowing disabled people to remain as independent as possible Reducing disabling pressures of the environments

Strategy 13: Provide adjustability and mobility

Strategy 13.2: Provide perceptual adjustability

The designed entity should allow users to adjust signals for their own sensory needs

Strategy 13.3: Provide adjustable response times

If possible and reasonable, allow users to determines their own response times to product or process queries and control functions

Sticky Key It provide a way to perform simultaneous key operations sequentially

rather than together People who can only type with one hand, or use a mouth-stick, head

pointer, or eye-gaze system for keyboard access find this a valuable options

Double-click speed Computer users can adjust the “double-click speed” of a mouse

Strategy 14: Build flexibility into services

Strategy 14: Build flexibility into service delivery systems and work processes

Services provided to consumers must provide flexibility along several dimensions

A design challenge

Flexibility vs. Complexity The need to provide affordances, mapping, and feedback

so as to inform the user

Ex) Designing HDTV What languages and how many languages do we utilize?

Communicating all options to the consumer Flexibility vs. errors

Many Human factor options Accessibility: standard volume, brightness, closed captioning Preference : screen format from full, wide, zoom, zoom-wide

Conclusions

Flexibility increases the likelihood that the designed entity will be used and experienced by the greatest number of people to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations.

Providing choices and adjustability(including compatibility with assistive technology) are the most fundamental strategies for achieving flexibility

Flexibility can be considered a double-edged sword Flexibility can enhance human functioning and performance from the

ergonomic, perceptual, and cognitive perspective But complexity

Case- Flexible layout

http://www.dbarchitect.com/project_detail/82/601%20Fourth%20Street%20Lofts.html

http://coolboom.net/en/2007/10/19/house-and-office-by-nu-architectuuratelier/

House & office Loft layout