Chapter3 power point goal analysis
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Transcript of Chapter3 power point goal analysis
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CHAPTER 3
CONDUCTING A GOAL ANALYSIS
By Gerral Pinkston
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CONCEPTS• An instructional analysis is a set of procedures applied to an instructional goal, result in the
identification of the relevant steps for performing a goal and the subordinate skills required for a student to achieve goal.
• Gange’s domains of learning
• Verbal information
• Intellectual skills
• Psychomotor skills
• Attitudes
• Cognitive strategies
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GOAL ANALYSIS FUNDAMENTAL STEPS
Step 1CLASSIFY THE GOAL
STATEMENT ACCORDING TO THE KIND OF LEARNING
THAT WILL OCCUR
Step 2IDENTIFY AND SEQUENCE
THE MAJOR STEP REQUIRED TO PERFORM
THE GOAL
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VERBAL INFORMATION
• First sampel goals :
Given a list of cities, name the state of which each is the capital
• Only one answer for each question and only one basic way to ask question.
• No symbolic manipulation
• No problem solving or rule applying
• Require the learner to provide specific responses to relatively specific question
• Can be spotted by the types of verbs that are used
e.g : state or list provide specific information or describe something
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• The task for the learner is to store the information in memory during the instruction and remember it for the test.
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INTELLECTUAL SKILLS• Means expertise in certain field
• Defined as skills that require the learner to do some unique cognitive activity
• Classified in 4 common types:
• Discrimination
• Forming concepts
• Applying rules
• Solving problems
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• PROBLEM SOLVING
ILLSTRUCTURED
WELLSTRUCTURED
• Problems in which not all the data required for a solution are readily
available for the learner; and, even the nature of
the goal is not clear. • Multiple processes can
be used to reach a solution but no one
solution is considered as a correct solution.
• Typical • Usually considered to
be an application problem
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PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS• Involves the coordination of mental and physical activity
• Characterized by learners executing physical actions, with or without equipment, to achieve specific results
• For purposes of instructional analysis, if the learner must learn to perform new, valuable motor skills or performance depends on the skillful execution of a physical skill
• E.g: setting up and operating a digital video camera
• Equipment must be manipulated in a very specific way to successfully produce a quality video image
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ATTITUDES• Attitudes are described as the tendency to make particular choices or decision.
• Instructional goals that focus on attitude can be viewed as influencing learners to choose.
• An acquired internal state that influence the choice of personal action toward some class of things, persons or events.
• Represent intrinsically motivated choices people make.
• Long-term goal.
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COGNITIVE STRATEGIES• The metaprocesses that we use to manage our thinking about things and manage our own
learning.
• Some strategies are as straight forward as mentally repeating the name of new acquaintances several times while visualing their faces.
• A more complex cognitive strategy would be figuring out :
a) How to organize
b) Cluster
c) Remember
d)Apply new information
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GOAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES• Step-by-step style is the best technique for person performing the goal.
• straightforwardStep
1
Step1
Step2
Step4
Step5
Step3?
Step2
Step3
Step4
Step5
Step6
Step7
YES
NO
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Step1
Step2
Step3
Step4
Step5
Step6
Step7
M
M
• Space problem – to drop down to the next line with your boxes and proceed backward from right to left with the description and numbering
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22 33 44 55
2.12.1 2.22.2 2.32.3 5.15.1 5.25.2
11
The appropriate diagramming of substeps is shown in the generic diagram that follows:-
THE SUBSTEPS
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SUGGESTION FOR IDENTIFYING STEPS WITHIN A GOAL• Describe for yourself the kind of test item or assessment you would use the to determine.
• Think about steps that learner would have to go through to respond to your assesment or test.
• Test yourself : Observe yourself , both in the physical and mental sense,performing the goal.
• Note each of steps you go through and the decision you have to make.
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CONCLUSION• The goal analysis process is begun only after we have a clear
statement of the instructional goal.
• Involve 2 steps in goal analysis process; which is to classify the goal and identify the major steps for learners to accomplish the goal into one of Gagne’s (1985) domains of learning.
• Specific problem that should look during evaluation is the sequence of procedures or steps involved.