Chapter01Introducing Hardware
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Transcript of Chapter01Introducing Hardware
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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PCFifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
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You Will Learn…
That a computer requires both hardware and software to work
About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer
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Hardware Needs Software to Work Hardware
Physical components of a computer
Visible part of a system
Software Set of instructions that directs hardware to
accomplish a task
The intelligence
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Functions of a Computer
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Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software
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Binary Number System
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PC Hardware Components
Outside computer case: input/output devices
Inside the case: processing and storage CPU – most important component
Requirements of a hardware device Method for CPU to communicate with it
Software to instruct and control it
Electricity to power it
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Hardware Used for Input and Output Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial,
parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices:
Keyboard Mouse
Popular output devices: Monitor Printer
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Ports
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components
Processing CPU (most important) Chip set
Temporary storage RAM Cache memory
Electrical system Power supply
connections
Communication with other devices
Traces Expansion slots System clock
Programming/setup data Flash ROM CMOS setup chip
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The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set
Controls most activities on the motherboard
Includes several device controllers
USB controller
Memory controller
IDE controller
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The Chip Set (continued)
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Storage Devices
Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them
Faster to access than permanent storage
Permanent (secondary storage)
Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing
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Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices
Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards
Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
Types of boards that hold memory chips
SIMMs
DIMMs
RIMMs
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RAM Chips
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Types of RAM Modules
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Secondary Storage Devices
Hard drives
CD-ROM drives
DVD drives
Zip drives
Floppy drives
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Hard Drive
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EIDE Technology
Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives
Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices
The data bus
System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission
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The Bus and Bus Lines
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Data Bus
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System Clock
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Clock Speed
Of motherboard
Measured in megahertz (MHz)
Of CPU
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
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The Electrical System
Power supply
Most important component of computer’s electrical system
Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle
Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
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The Electrical System (continued)
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The Electrical System (continued)
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Instructions Stored on the Motherboard ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
System BIOS
Startup BIOS
CMOS setup
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies
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ROM BIOS Chip
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Motherboard Configuration Settings CMOS chip
Stores setup (configuration) information
Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off
Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches
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CMOS Configuration Chip
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Setting Jumpers
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Using DIP Switches
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Summary
Introduction to hardware components of a computer system
Initial insight into how hardware works