Chapter Twenty
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Transcript of Chapter Twenty
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Chapter Twenty
Africa
Prepared by Kelly Donahue-Wallace
Randal WallaceUniversity of North Texas
Gardner's Art through the Ages, Concise Edition by Fred Kleiner
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AfricaDates and Places: • 500BCE to present• 52 nations of Africa
People:• Core beliefs: honoring
ancestors, worship of nature deities, divine rulership
Reliquary guardian figure (mbulu ngulu), 19th or early
20th century. Fig. 20-10.
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AfricaThemes:• Deities • Rulers• Animals
Forms:• Conceptual and
optical• Form varies by culture WILLIE BESTER, Homage to Steve
Biko, 1992. Fig. 20-22.
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Africa
Nok head, ca. 500 BCE–200 CE. Fig. 20-2.
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AfricaExample:
• Nok culture
• Part of full figure
• Large heads, small bodies
• Pierced eyes and mouth for cooling clay sculpture
• Women sculptors?Nok head, ca. 500 BCE–200 CE.
Fig. 20-2.
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Africa
King, 11th to 12th century. Fig. 20-
4.
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AfricaExample:
• Ife, Yoruba culture
• Sacred king effigy
• Naturalistic rendering of likeness
• But squat proportions
• Ritual regalia
King, 11th to 12th century. Fig. 20-4.
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Africa
Great Mosque, Djenne, 1906–1907. Fig. 20-5.
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AfricaExample:
• Djenne
• Mosque is oldest example of adobe architecture in world
• Courtyard, prayer hall
• Wooden beams project from walls, support roof
Africa
Great Mosque, Djenne, 1906–1907. Fig. 20-5.
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Africa
Waist pendant of a Queen Mother,
ca. 1520. Fig. 20-7.
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AfricaExample:
• Benin culture
• Pendant hangs on belt
• Images of oba and his court—this is Queen Mother
• Ritual regalia
• Ivory carving
• Portuguese traders Waist pendant of a Queen Mother, ca. 1520. Fig. 20-7.
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Africa
Altar to the Hand and Arm (ikegobo),
17th to 18th century. Fig. 20-8.
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AfricaExample:
• Benin culture
• Cast-brass royal shrine = ikegobo
• For oba
• Hierarchical composition and scale
• Emphasize head,
• Hand and arm = power Altar to the Hand and Arm
(ikegobo),17th to 18th century. Fig. 20-8.
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Africa
MASTER OF THE SYMBOLIC EXECUTION, salt
cellar, Sapi-Portuguese, ca. 1490–1540.
Fig. 20-9.
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AfricaExample:
• Sapi culture
• Salt cellar
• Hybrid art with image of Portuguese and European patterns
• Colonial relationship
• Export item from elephant tusk MASTER OF THE SYMBOLIC
EXECUTION, salt cellar, Sapi-Portuguese, ca. 1490–1540.
Fig. 20-9.
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Africa
Ancestral screen (nduen fobara), Kalabari Ijaw,
late 19th century. Fig. 20-1.
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AfricaExample: • Kalabari Ijaw culture• Shrine to honor
ancestors • Wood, fiber screens• Honors deceased
chief of trading company
• Hierarchy of scale and stylized forms common in African art
Ancestral screen (nduen fobara), Kalabari Ijaw, late 19th
century. Fig. 20-1.
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Africa
Nail figure (nkisi n’kondi), ca. 1875–
1900. Fig. 20-13.
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AfricaExample:
• Kongo culture
• Kongo power figure
• Consecrated by priest
• Healing spirit or harmful force
• Invoke by touch or words
• Assist individual or community Nail figure (nkisi n’kondi), ca.
1875–1900. Fig. 20-13.
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Africa
Seated couple, ca. 1800–1850.
Fig. 20-14.
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AfricaExample:
• Dogon culture
• Linked-man-and-woman groups typical
• Part of shrine or altar
• Primordial couple?
• Stylized figures in abstract geometry of body parts
Seated couple, ca. 1800–1850. Fig. 20-14.
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Africa
Female mask, 20th century. Fig. 20-19.
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AfricaExample:
• Mende culture
• Mask for fertility rituals
• Combines with dress and movement for power
• Function as mediators
• Water symbolism
• Idealized beautyFemale mask, 20th century.
Fig. 20-19.