Chapter Seven - Part Two The Trace Minerals & Water Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242 Karen...
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Transcript of Chapter Seven - Part Two The Trace Minerals & Water Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242 Karen...
![Page 1: Chapter Seven - Part Two The Trace Minerals & Water Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242 Karen Lacey, MS, RD, CD © Spring 2005.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649d215503460f949f5ad8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter Seven - Part Two
The Trace Minerals & Water
Food & Nutritional Health NUT SCI –242Karen Lacey, MS, RD, CD © Spring 2005
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The Trace Minerals
Trace mineral: an essential mineral nutrient found in the human body in amounts less than 5 grams
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A. Iron
Functions:– Hemoglobin formation
The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
– Part of myoglobin– Carries oxygen in the body– Energy utilization
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Deficiency Symptoms
Anemia: a reduction of the number & size of RBC’s and a loss of their color– Characterized by weakness,
paleness, headaches, reduced immunity, inability to concentrate, cold intolerance
Blood loss
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Toxicity Symptoms
Iron overload– Infections– Liver injury– Acidosis– Shock
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Food Sources
Red meatPoultryFish & shellfishEggs LegumesDried fruitsFortified cereals
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B. Zinc
Functions:– Needed for protein & enzyme
function– Immunity & wound healing– Vitamin A transport– Taste– Fetal development
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Deficiency Symptoms
Growth failure in childrenLoss of tastePoor wound healingPoor appetite
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Toxicity Symptoms
FeverNauseaVomitingDiarrheaKidney failure
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Food Sources
Protein-containing foods:– Meat– Fish & shellfish– Poultry– Grains– Vegetables
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C. Iodine
Amount of iodine in food is reflected in the soil
Functions:– Part of thyroxine, which regulates
metabolism
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Deficiency symptoms Goiter: decreased blood iodine causes
thyroid cells to enlarge Cretinism: severe mental & physical
retardation of an infant caused by severe iodine deficiency in the mother during pregnancy
Iodization of salt has all but eliminated goiter & cretinism
In some parts of the world, these deficiency diseases still exist
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Toxicity Symptoms:
Depressed thyroid activity accompanied by an enlarged thyroid gland
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D. Fluoride
Functions:– Formation of bones & teeth– Helps make teeth resistant to
decay– Helps make bones resistant to
mineral loss
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Deficiency & Toxicity Symptoms
Deficiency Symptoms:– Tooth decay
Toxicity Symptoms: (rare in humans)– Fluorosis: discoloration of teeth
The first symptom of excess fluoride– Nausea– Vomiting– diarrhea
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Food Sources
Drinking waterTeaSeafood
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E. Copper
Functions:– Helps make hemoglobin– Part of several enzymes
Food Sources:– Meats– Drinking water
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Deficiency & Toxicity Symptoms
Deficiency Symptoms: (rare in humans)– Anemia – Bone changes
Toxicity Symptoms:– Nausea – Vomiting– Diarrhea
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F. Manganese
Functions:– Along with enzymes, facilitates
many cell processesFood Sources:
– Widely distributed in foods
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Deficiency & Toxicity Symptoms
Deficiency Symptoms:– Poor growth– Nervous system disorders– Abnormal reproduction
Toxicity Symptoms:– Poisoning– Nervous system disorders
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G. Chromium
Functions:– Works with insulin– Required for release of energy from
glucoseFood Sources:
– Meat– Unrefined foods– Vegetable oils
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Deficiency & Toxicity Symptoms
Deficiency symptoms:– Abnormal glucose metabolism
Toxicity symptoms:– Occupational exposures damage
skin & kidneys
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H. Selenium
Functions:– Protects body from oxidation– Works with vitamin E
Food Sources:– Seafood– Meats– Grains– Vegetables (depends on soil conditions)
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Deficiency Symptoms
Deficiency Symptoms:– Fragile red blood cells– Cataracts– Growth failure– Heart damage
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Toxicity Symptoms
NauseaAbdominal painNail & hair changesLiver & nerve damage
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I. Molybdenum
Functions:– Along with enzymes, facilitates
many cell processedFood Sources:
– Legumes– Cereals– Organ meats
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Deficiency & Toxicity Symptoms
Deficiency Symptoms– Unknown
Toxicity Symptoms– Enzyme inhibition
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Water
The most essential nutrientMakes up about 60% of the body’s
weight85 – 95% of fruits and vegetablesFunctions:
– Transports nutrients & waste– Moistens & hydrates eyes, mouth, nose,
skin– Participates in energy formation
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Cont’d
Ensures adequate blood volumeMain component of body’s fluidsMedium for chemical reactionsHelps maintain normal body
temperatureActs as a joint lubricantShock absorption inside the spinal
cord & amniotic sac around the fetus
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