CHAPTER ONE ETHICS MUSOLINO SUNY CRIMINAL & BUSINESS LAW.
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Transcript of CHAPTER ONE ETHICS MUSOLINO SUNY CRIMINAL & BUSINESS LAW.
CHAPTER ONE
ETHICS
MUSOLINO SUNY CRIMINAL & BUSINESS LAW
1-2
Learning Objectives
1. Define law and morality.2. Distinguish between natural law and
positive law.3. Explain ethical relativism.4. Describe the social contract theory.5. Outline the steps in applying
utilitarianism.6. Define rational ethics.
1-3
Learning Objectives (cont.)
7. Identify the ethical character traits reflected in role model ethics.
8. Outline the arguments supporting social responsibility.
9. Explore the need for law in our society.
10. Clarify how the law and ethics are usually in harmony with one another.
1-4
The Law and Morality
The Law consists of rules of conduct established
by the government of a society to maintain harmony, stability, and justice
1-5
Question?
What defines the legal rights and duties of the people?
A. EthicsB. ValuesC. MoralsD. Law
1-6
The Law and Morality
The Law defines the legal rights and duties of the
peopleprovides a way to protect the people by
enforcing these rights and dutiesa means of civil management
1-7
Question?
What are values that govern a society’s attitude toward right and wrong?
A. MoralsB. EthicsC. Societal valuesD. Law
1-8
The Law and Morality
Morals values that govern a society’s attitude
toward right and wrong and toward good and evil
serves as a guide for those bodies that make, interpret, and enforce the law
1-9
Values and Ethics
Ethics the attempt to develop a means of
determining what fundamental values ought to be and for formulating and applying rules that enforce those values
1-10
Question?
Which theory says that human intuition will always give rise to positive moral laws?
A. Natural lawB. Positive lawC. Law of humanityD. Law of peoples
1-11
Natural Law Theory
Natural law sees law as originating from some
objective, superior force that stands outside the everyday experience of most people
exists an unbreakable link joining morality to the law inn a fundamental way
1-12
Positive Law Theory
Positive Law legal theory that says that the law
originates from an outside source that has emerged from within society
social institutions
1-13
Positive Law Theory
Law of Peoples human intuition will always give rise to
positive moral laws that are global in scope
common to everyone
1-14
Question?
Which ethical theory calls for the greatest good for the greatest number?
A. TotalitarianismB. UtilitarianismC. UnilateralismD. Multiplicity
1-15
Ethical Theories
Ethical relativism there are no objective or absolute
standards of right and wrongstandards change from circumstance to
circumstancealso called subjective ethics
1-16
Question?
Which ethical theory calls for individuals to give up certain freedoms?
A. Ethical relativismB. Social contract theoryC. Situational ethicsD. Utilitarianism
1-17
Ethical Theories
Situational ethics argues that each of us can judge a
person’s ethical decisions only by initially placing ourselves in the other person’s situation
encourages people to look at others with tolerance and patience
1-18
Ethical Theories
Social contract theory holds that right and wrong are
measured by the obligations imposed on each individual by an implied agreement among all individuals within a particular social system
people must give up certain freedoms
1-19
Ethical Theories
Utilitarianism the morality of an action is determined
by its ultimate effectsGreatest good for the greatest number
1-20
Ethical Theories
Rational ethics ethical values can be determined by a
proper application of human reasonShould establish universal rules of
behavior that apply to all people at all times
Also called objective ethics
1-21
Question?
What encourages people to pattern their behavior after admirable individuals?
A. Transformational ethicsB. Charismatic ethicsC. Role-model ethicsD. Role play ethics
1-22
Ethical Theories
Role model ethics encourages people to pattern their
behavior after admirable individuals whose activities provide examples of the proper way to act
Provides concrete examples of how to behave
1-23
Ethical Characteristics
1-24
Ethical Character Traits
Honesty Compassion Integrity Fairness
1-25
Social Responsibility in the Business Sector
The traditional view of corporate culture says that privately owned corporations are created solely to make a profit for their shareholders
The foremost job of any manager is to maximize profits
1-26
Reasons for Social Responsibility
Corporation offers limited liability to owners
Corporation is considered an artificially created person
Corporation can own property and bring lawsuits
1-27
Reasons for Social Responsibility
Because corporations have these rights they owe an obligation to the public to act responsibly
Decisions of corporate managers should not be narrowly focused on profits
Accepting social responsibility is in the long-term interest of the corporation
1-28
Efforts to Promote Social Responsibility
Statutes now permit managers to consider factors other than profit in making decisionsEconomic well-being of the nation, the state,
and the local community Interests of employees, consumers, and
suppliersThe betterment of the environment, the
economy, and the overall social structure
1-29
The Relationship Between Law and Ethics
The law is needed because, although people know better, they do not always follow ethical principles
Ethical principles can tell us what is right, but cannot stop us from doing wrong
The law can punish us if we choose to do wrong