CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER ONE Studying Adult Development and Aging.
Chapter One
description
Transcript of Chapter One
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Chapter One
Egypt
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•Geography
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http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/images/nilemap.gif
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Lower Egypt:
--near delta and Mediterranean Sea
Upper Egypt: --south, just above Nubia
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•The Nile: a river society
the annual summer inundation
(--stopped because of Aswan Dam)
the east: the land of the living
the west: the land of the dead
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http://www.deltatoursegypt.com/hotels/egypt_map.jpg
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•Religion
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Re: the sun god → resurrection
http://www.crystalinks.com/ra.html
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• Re was the old solar-god from Heliopolis and a mayor deity all over Egypt. He was travelling over the sky in his boat every day with his life-giving sundisc. He stood for life, rebirth, children, health, virility etc.
• http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
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Patrolling the sky
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Osiris: king of the dead
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
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• Osiris ruled the world of men in the beginning, after Ra had abandoned the world to rule the skies, but he was murdered by his brother Seth. Through the magic of Isis, he was made to live again. Being the first person to die, he subsequently became lord of the dead. His death was avenged by his son Horus, who defeated Seth and cast him out into the desert to the West of Egypt.
http://www.crystalinks.com/osiris.html
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Isis: mother goddess
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
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• Isis is the feminine archetype for creation - the goddess of fertility and motherhood.
• http://www.crystalinks.com/isis.html
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Horus: the falcon god
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
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• When Horus reached manhood, a fratricidal war began between Horus and his uncle Seth. The violent fight, where Horus lost one eye, last until the assembly of the gods decided to intervene to declare that the throne was the rightful inheritance of Horus. Moreover, Seth was forced to restore Horus‘ eye. But to honor the memory of Osiris, Horus offered the recovered eye to his father, and covered his wound with the divine serpent, Uraeus. That is why this sacred serpent was considered the emblem of the Egyptian pharaohs.
http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/phikent/horus/horus.html
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Horus→ sky god; god of Egypt
http://www.crystalinks.com/horus.html
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The Eye of Horus
http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/egypt/horus.htm
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http://www.internal.schools.net.au/edu/lesson_ideas/egypt/src/mockup/images/ra_small.jpg
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Court in the Underworld
http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/1egypt/index.htm
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•Politics
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Timeline• Early Dynastic: c. 3100-2700 BCE
• Old Kingdom: c. 2700-2150 BCE
• Middle Kingdom: c. 2050-1785 BCE
• New Kingdom: c.1575-1085 BCE
(Fiero 24)
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Theocracy
• Monarch = god or god’s representative
• Pharaoh = god-king
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Hatshepsut (ca. 1500-1447 B.C.E.)
http://www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/images/art%20101%20images/chapter%202/hatshepsut.jpg
http://sangha.net/messengers/hatshepsut/images.htm
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http://sangha.net/messengers/hatshepsut/images.htm
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Hatshepsut• A woman pharaoh
• Matriarch
• Co-ruler with Thumosis III for 22 years.
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Hatshepsut
http://faculty.evansville.edu/rl29/art105/img/hatshepsut_temple.jpg
http://www.mykreeve.net/egypt/luxor/hatshepsut_temple/
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Akhenaten (ca. 1353-1336 B.C.E.)
http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/saqqara/images/Saqqara/Profiles/Akhenaten.jpg http://www.egyptarchive.co.uk/html/cairo_
museum_33.html
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Akhenaten
• The revolutionary / heretic
→ monotheism
→Worshiped the sun-god Aten.
• He moved the capital from Memphis to Achenaton (now el-Amarna).
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Queen Nefertiti
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
http://www.horus.ics.org.eg/en/History/Nefertiti.aspx
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Queen Nefertiti
• Famous bust discovered in 1912
• Body identified in 2003?
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http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/nefertiti/history/history.html
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Tutankhamon
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Egypt_GIFS/King_11537.gif
http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/EGYPT/EGYPT.HTM
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http://www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/images/25u179.jpg
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http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/e/images/egypt_tut.wife.thron.lg.jpg
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Tutankhamon• (ca. 1336-1326 B.C.E.)
• Restored the god Amon and its priesthood.
• Died at 18.
• Tomb discovered in 1922.
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Cleopatra (69-30 B.C.E.)
http://www.tigerx.com/history/people/cleopatra.jpg
http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/Egypt/05/monzolevskaya/LondonCleopatra-of-Egypt-----Coin.jpg
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http://www.fieldmuseum.org/cleopatra/photos/ptolemaic_th.gif
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•Culture
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Pyramids• For what purposes were
they built?
• How were they constructed?
• How long did it take to build one?
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The Step Pyramid
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/arth/zoser/16.gif
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mastabas
top: exterior view bottom: cross section revealing
(A) the shaft and (B) the burial chamber
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=hm&name=A4mastab
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Pyramids at Giza
http://www.msjc.edu/art/djohnson/art101/101lecture4.html
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http://library.thinkquest.org/J001533/media/Pyramid.gif
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http://www.mediaworkshop.org/humanities/burke/giza-pyramid.jpg
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• The most impressive pyramid, that of Cheops (or Khufu), took 100,000 people working over a twenty year period.
• http://www.communityhigh.org/old/pyramids/index.htmltheories.html
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• When Napoleon invaded Egypt in 1798, his pride was expressed through his famous quote: “Soldiers! From the top of these Pyramids, 40 centuries are looking at us.”
• http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/pyramid.html
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The Sphinx
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http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Cairo/Gallery/sphinx.jpg
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Valley of the Kings, Thebes
http://www.egyptology-bg.com/images/exp0045.jpg
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•Modern Day Pyramids
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http://www.neumanngroup.com/pics/louvre_pyramid.jpg
Louvre Museum, Paris
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http://nichirenscoffeehouse.net/Vegas/Luxor_03.jpg
Las Vegas
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•Art
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Canon of Proportion
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• "Egyptians artists used this method to keep figures in proportion. They divided a sheet of papyrus into nineteen rows of squares. Then they drew the figure using the first three rows of squares for the area between the forehead and the neck, the next for the shoulder to the knee, and the last six for the lower limbs and feet."
• http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/egypt_art2.htm
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http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.htm
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http://www.historylink101.com/lessons/art_history_lessons/egypt_main2.htm
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http://www.mystudios.com/art/ancient/egyptian/egypt-nefertari-offering.html
Nefertari Making Offering to Isis1279-1212 BC
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Characteristics
• Naturalistic or idealized?
• How are the figures posed?
• What about the figures’ age?
![Page 69: Chapter One](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062808/568152e2550346895dc0ff2f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/rprestia/1301/images/IN038Amra.jpg
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http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.htm
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Papyrus → “paper”
![Page 72: Chapter One](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062808/568152e2550346895dc0ff2f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/medweb/images/9907200018.jpg
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http://antique.mrugala.net/Egypte/Images/Papyrus%20-%20recolte.jpg
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Some Links:
• http://www.faculty.sbc.edu/lrainville/SBC/curr_303_art.html
• http://www.netserves.com/moca/lectures/skuzegyp.htm
• http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/
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•The End