Chapter IIReview of Related Literature and StudiesThis chapter presents a view of related literature and studies which the researchers were able to come across with during the process of their research. These literatures give to the proposed study.A. Related LiteratureIn 1987, Guglielmo Marconi that opened the way for modern wireless communications by transmitting the three-dot Morse code for the letter S over a distance of three kilometers using electromagnetic waves. From this beginning, wireless communications has developed into a key element of modern society. From satellite transmission, radio and television broadcasting to the now ubiquitous mobile telephone, wireless communications has revolutionized the way societies function. However, Chen Chao who developed a remote wireless monitoring system for off grid Wind turbine based on the GPRS and the Internet. The remote monitoring system is made up of three parts: controlling terminal, central monitoring computer and communication network. Controlling terminal consists of microcontroller ARM7 LM3S1138, data acquisition module and GPRS communication module WAVECOM Q2406B connected to ARM7 system using serial port. GPRS module sends parameters relating wind turbine to central monitoring computer. The client can access central monitoring computer server through Internet and know parameters of different wind turbines. Nevertheless, Peng Liu who developed model of web services based email extension for remote monitoring of embedded systems which integrates web services into emails. It uses a general purpose email messaging framework to connect devices and manipulators. This low cost model fits for systems with low connection bandwidth, small data transportation volume and non real-time control, e.g., monitoring of home appliances and remote meter-reading.In the proposed project of the proponent determine the use of the following using wikipedia as major source of information. The GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. Bluetooth is a telecommunications industry specification that describes how mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) can be easily interconnected using a short-range wireless connection. Using this technology, users of cellular phones, pagers, and personal digital assistants can buy a three-in-one phone that can double as a portable phone at home or in the office, get quickly synchronized with information in a desktop or notebook computer, initiate the sending or receiving of a fax, initiate a print-out, and, in general, have all mobile and fixed computer devices be totally coordinated. SQLite version 3. SQL database engines (every SQL database engine other than SQLite, as far as we know) uses static, rigid typing. With static typing, the datatype of a value is determined by its container - the particular column in which the value is stored. Basic4Android version1.x or higher Basic4android supports all the main features of Android using a large and extensible set of libraries. Basic4android includes unique features like visual designer, connecting to real devices with USB cable or over the local network, custom IDE 100% focused on android programming and more.Local LiteratureWhen people think about home automation, most of them may imagine living in a smart home: One remote controller for every household appliance, cooking the rice automatically, starting air conditioner automatically, heating water for bath automatically and shading the window automatically when night coming. According to Julius Lucero some extent of home automation equals to smart home. They both bring out smart living condition and make our life more convenient and fast. People at that time understood that a smart home is not owing to how well it is built, not how effectively it uses space, not due to how it is environmentally friendly. It is only because of how interactive technologies that it contains. Those are still useful rules for home automation technology today. Home automation technology and Smart home appeared very much in science fiction of the 1920s. But no one knows the exact date of the invention of home automation. Based on humans smart technology improving process, the home automation System does not come by immediate invention. It comes step by step with only insignificant improvement. The previous step is almost same with the next step. Manufactures of laborsaving appliances have been promising homeowners an automated Home of the Future since the Worlds Fair days of the 1930s. The intelligent home has been a popular vision for a few decades. The first time people noticed the high technology in dwelling, they did some connection with home automation, and it was 1960s. Experts considered that by the end of the century people would live in smart homes that contained independent household machined. Although many of the machines in these visions are today technically possible to manufacture of course, the present situation is not exactly the same as what the experts decades ago.In the article written by the homepower, measuring your homes energy consumption is the first step toward finding ways to decrease it. While almost every residence has an electric meter, it usually only shows total household energy (kWh) consumed, although some include instantaneous power being used (kW). And the meter is usually placed where it is convenient for the utility. But conservation-minded homeowners and renters can choose from several products that measure and record electricity consumption to reveal the energy hogs. The information is shown on a convenient countertop display or remotely on a smart phone or a computer screen.The feasibility study of the De La Salle University student posted on their website about phone Graphical User Interface (GUI) for Appliance Remote Control: An SMS-based Electronic Appliance Monitoring and Control System (2013) Home monitoring system is an effective way to prevent many household accidents that may occur whether we are aware or not. There are a lot of home control devices which were developed in the past. Take fire hazards for example, there are a lot of ways for house fire to occur like overheating appliances. Fire imposes a big hazard in our homes but there is a device that was built to lessen the probability of this from occurring or at least lessen the damage done. The fire alarm works whenever there is enough smoke that goes in the detector. It will automatically make a sound to alarm the people inside the house, some home systems has a built-in sprinklers that works when the fire alarm activates preventing further property destruction. There are a lot of ways of designing a home control system but at these times, the design must be adaptable and adaptive to majority of people. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a means of wireless communication between people. It can also be used to communicate with devices such that it functions even if a user is not physically present in the vicinity of the device. GSM is the most adaptable medium since it has a further range of communication compared to Bluetooth and infrared. Moreover, it is also more accessible than Wi-Fi since it is more widely available. A home monitoring system interfaced with GSM poses a great advantage and convenience to the public. The user can be updated regarding the status (ON or OFF) of his appliances which can prevent future damage. It will also be able to alarm the user of any irregular activities of the appliances immediately even if the user is at another place.

B. Related StudiesForeign StudiesThe information technology had the most significant role in creating different kinds of system that has a different functions and programs that can be used in different fields specifically in our todays technology. It can also help the user to have an easy access application and function of the program..According to the research study of Tan and Soy, 2002 which developed a system for controlling home electrical appliances over the Internet by using Bluetooth wireless technology to provide a link from the appliance to the Internet and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) to provide a data link between the Internet and a mobile phone. However, in the study of Nikolov 2002 demonstrated that the control of home appliances can be extended beyond the home network to wireless mobile networks without any modification in the network specifications. This was accomplished by developing and implementing a HAVi (Home Audio Video Interoperability) - WAP UI gateway that intermediates between a wired home network and a wireless communication network using HAVi and WAP specifications, respectively. The gateway use both pull and push technologies, improves the network integration and provides opportunities for developing applications that combine mobile devices with home network devices.The study of two researchers have same goal but still they use different system to improve their designs project for home automation. Tan and Soy use Bluetooth while improves the network integration by implementing Home Audio Video Interoperability.According Tan, Lee and Soh (2002) proposed the development of an Internet-based system to allow monitoring of important process variables from adistributed control system (DCS). This paper proposes hardware and software design considerations which enable the user to access the process variables on the DCS, remotely and effectively, using only a commonly available web browserAccording to Liang, Fu, and Wu 2002 proposed a software architecture that makes home automation (HA) system based on multi-agent concept. The architecture is composed of five main components respectively named space agents, function agents, personal preference agents, environment variables server, and resource access right control kernel. There is need to construct a more powerful home automation both in the hardware and software aspects.In the year 2006, according to S. M. Anamul Haque,S. M. Kamruzzaman and Md. Ashraful Islam proposed a system entitled A System for Smart-Home Control of Appliances Based on Time and Speech Interaction that controls the home appliances using the personal computer. This system is developed byusing the Visual Basic 6.0as programming language and Microsoft voice engine tools for speech recognition purpose. Appliances can be either controlled by timer or by voice command.According Ciubotaru-Petrescu, Chiciudean, Cioarga, and Stanescu (2006) present a design and implementation of SMS based control for monitoring systems. The paper has three modules involving sensing unit for monitoring the complex applications. A processing unit, that is microcontroller and a communication module that uses GPRS modem or cell phone via serial port RS-232. The SMS is usedfor status reporting such as power failure.

Local StudiesThese local studies from local sources which used by the researchers to substantiate their ideas about the present study. They are as follows.According to Rosslin John Robles and Tai-hoom Kim, Smart Home is the term commonly used to define a residence that uses a Home Controller to integrate the residences various home automation systems. The most popular Home Controllers are those that are connected to a Windows based PC during programming only, and are then left to perform the home control duties on a standalone basis. Integrating the home systems allows them to communicate with one another through the home controller, thereby enabling single button and voice control of the various home systems simultaneously and in preprogrammed scenarios or operating modes.According to Alma Buelva, at the 2011 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) In Las Vegas last month, the Connected Home pavillion featured the latest intelligent appliances from major manufacturers that are turning out millions of networked kitchen, lightning and other home appliances that can be remotely controlled by TVs smart phones and other PCs.The remote monitoring of home appliances through mobile phone involving the use of spoken commands. The spoken commands are generated and sent in the form of text SMS to the control system and then the microcontroller on the basis of SMS takes adecision of a particular task.Development of Space Saving Home Automation Using Voice Recognition System, an unpublished thesis of Jose Rizal University Student uploaded the prototype of their thesis in YouTube on Mar 1, 2013, was based in automating the access control and security operations involved in the condominium room. John Arnold D. Villafania et al., the researcher developed using a voice recognition command system and light dependent resistor to control in accessing the room for the benefits of the owner. The light dependent resistor installed inside the room is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. In other words when the room turns to be in dark it has a high electrical resistance and when it is light it has a low electrical resistance. With the use of voice recognition system, the owner of the condominium room were be able to access and control some of the intended appliances and furniture that need for some movement and physical contact. The researchers used a voice recognition module to program the intended commands for each place andparts of the room.According to the published study of Online Automatic Switch of Appliances in Journal of Information Engineering and Applications with ISSN 2224-5782, ISSN 2225-0506(online) Vol.4, No.1, 2014 of Batangas State University, Nasugbu Batangas, enhances the traditional way of plugging and unplugging of appliances in certain location where the user can access the appliances online. It is composed of a desktop or laptop computer that were used by the user in accessing the project, relay switches which were used to convert small amount of current to trigger a large amount of current, router or modem- which were used to transfer internetsignals.According Hill in 1981 analyzes subcontracting arrangements and local content policies promoting the use of produced parts and raw materials) for appliances and motorcycles. The importance of the parts industry is obvious; given the large number of parts and components needed to produce appliances, makers will normally decide against in-house production and instead require a reliable network of suppliers. In fact, as Hill observes, the development program for appliances was originally an attempt to develop the local parts and components industry. He concludes that while government policy helped increase local content in the 1970s, linkages between firms remain weak. Some fundamental change in both supplier and manufacturing.According to F. Cario of DLSU their study of Electronic Monitoring, Attendance Checking, Controlling and Security (E MACS) System, is a design project that can perform several task such as monitoring, attendance checking, controlling, and security. The system comprises of main components such as biometrics, sensor, relay, RFID reader, and the E MACS device. The 12V relay switch is directly connected to the power supply. It acts as an indirect switch to the device such as lights, air-conditioned units, and the solenoid driver built-in the E MACS auto-door lock.These studies help the proponent to be guide to the proposed system of appliances monitoring via android phones.