CHAPTER GUIDED READING Latin American Peoples Win · PDF fileGUIDED READING Latin American...

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© McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved. 56 Unit 5, Chapter 24 GUIDED READING Latin American Peoples Win Independence Name Date Section 1 CHAPTER 24 A. Recognizing Facts and Details As you read this section, fill out the chart below to help you better understand why and how Latin Americans fought colonial rule. Independence for Haiti South American Wars of Independence End of Spanish Rule in Mexico B. Writing Expository Paragraphs On the back of this paper, explain the divisions within Latin American colonial society. In your writing, use the following terms: peninsulares creoles mulattos Strategy 2. What events led up to General Dessalines’s declaration of independence for Haiti? Reasons 1. Why did slaves in the French colony of Saint- Domingue revolt? Strategy 4. What tactics did José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar use to defeat Spanish forces in South America? Reasons 3. How did events in Europe lead to revolution in the Spanish colonies? Strategy 6. What role did Indians, mestizos, and creoles play in Mexico’s independence from Spain? Reasons 5. What is the significance of the grito de Dolores?

Transcript of CHAPTER GUIDED READING Latin American Peoples Win · PDF fileGUIDED READING Latin American...

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56 Unit 5, Chapter 24

GUIDED READING Latin American Peoples Win Independence

Name Date

Section 1

CHAPTER

24

A. Recognizing Facts and Details As you read this section, fill out the chart belowto help you better understand why and how Latin Americans fought colonial rule.

Independence for Haiti

South American Wars of Independence

End of Spanish Rule in Mexico

B. Writing Expository Paragraphs On the back of this paper, explain the divisionswithin Latin American colonial society. In your writing, use the following terms:

peninsulares creoles mulattos

Strategy

2. What events led up to General Dessalines’s

declaration of independence for Haiti?

Reasons

1. Why did slaves in the French colony of Saint-

Domingue revolt?

Strategy

4. What tactics did José de San Martín and Simón

Bolívar use to defeat Spanish forces in South

America?

Reasons

3. How did events in Europe lead to revolution in

the Spanish colonies?

Strategy

6. What role did Indians, mestizos, and creoles

play in Mexico’s independence from Spain?

Reasons

5. What is the significance of the grito de Dolores?

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Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West 57

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GUIDED READING Revolutions Disrupt Europe

Name Date

Section 2

A. Perceiving Cause and Effect As you read about uprisings in Europe, makenotes in the chart to explain the outcomes of each action listed.

B. Using Context Clues On the back of this paper, define the following terms:

conservatives liberals radicals nationalism nation-state

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1. French citizens’ armies win their

revolution for liberty and equality.

2. Greeks revolt against the Ottoman

Turks.

3. Nationalist groups in Budapest, Prague,

and Vienna demand independence and

self-government.

4. Charles X tries to set up an absolute

monarchy in France.

5. Paris mobs overthrow monarchy of

Louis-Philippe.

6. Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte is elected

president of France and later assumes

the title of Emperor Napoleon III.

7. In the Crimean War, Czar Nicholas I

threatens to take over part of the

Ottoman Empire.

8. Alexander II issues the Edict of

Emancipation.

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58 Unit 5, Chapter 24

Name Date

GUIDED READING Patterns of Change: NationalismSection 3

A. Drawing Conclusions As you read this section, take notes to answer questionsabout nationalism as a force for disunity and unity.

B. Recognizing Main Ideas On the back of this paper, explain how Otto von

Bismarck brought about the crowning of King William I of Prussia as kaiser ofthe Second Reich.

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How did nationalism lead to the breakup of these empires?

1. Austro-Hungarian 2. Russian 3. Ottoman

How did each of the following help unify Italy?

4. Giuseppe Mazzini 5. Camillo di Cavour 6. Giuseppe Garibaldi

How did each of the following lead to German unification?

7. policy of realpolitik 8. Seven Weeks’ War 9. Franco-Prussian War

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Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the West 59

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Name Date

GUIDED READING Revolutions in the Arts

Section 4

A. Recognizing Facts and Details As you read this section, take notes to answerquestions about the artistic and intellectual movements of the 1800s.

Nationalism ushers in a romantic movement in arts and ideas.

Realism in art and literature replaces romantic idealism.

B. Writing Descriptive Paragraphs On the back of this paper, define impressionismand describe the impressionist painting by Claude Monet on page 622 of your textbook.

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1. How did the ideas of romanticism contrast with 2. How were the ideas of romanticism reflected in

Enlightenment ideas? literature?

3. How was romanticism reflected in art? 4. How did romanticism affect the music of the time?

5. What trends or events led to a shift from 6. How did photography exemplify the art of the

romanticism to realism? new industrial age?

7. What were some themes common to realist 8. What did realist novelists hope to accomplish

novels? with their exposés?

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Name ____________________ Date _____________________

Comparative biographies

George Washington George Washington was born on February 24, 1732 in Virginia to an aristocratic Virginia plantation family. He was a fair student as a child and eventually learned the trade of being a surveyor, but he longed for adventure as a young man and became a member of the Virginia Militia. Washington eventually rose to the rank of colonel in the militia and was greatly influenced by General Braddock of the British Regular Army. The campaigns that Washington fought in, under General Braddock, during the French and Indian War were to train him well for the future. After the end of this war, Washington retired to his Virginia estate at Mt. Vernon where he ran for, and was elected to, the Virginia House of Burgesses. When the American Revolution started in 1775, Washington was seen as the best choice to lead the American Army. Under his leadership the American colonial armies were able to defeat the British and in 1783, the thirteen American colonies gained their freedom. Washington again “retired” from public service, but after the ratification of the United States Constitution at the Constitutional Convention, which he led, he was elected the first President of the United States. Washington has been honored for his efforts by the naming of our United States capital city or him, a state and over 120 cities in his name, making him a truly honored man in the United States. (Mr. Doser’s note: there is even a George Washington street in Sofia, the capital city of Bulgaria.)

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bolivar was born in Caracas, Venezuela on July 24, 1783 to aristocratic parents who were wealthy plantation owners by profession. He was a good student as a child and teen but longed for more adventure. In his late teens, he joined the Aragua Militia, a local defense force, and rose to the rank of lieutenant. He then traveled to Spain for further education and was heavily influenced by the revolutionary/Republican ideas, especially those of Napoleon Bonaparte in France. He returned home to South America determined to win its freedom from Spain. Bolivar, under the leadership of a man named Miranda, fought in the first revolt against Spain in 1811. This revolt failed and Miranda was captured. Bolivar then went home, but under pressure from people in the independence movement and his own strong beliefs, he began to organize a second revolution. During this time, he was elected to the Venezuelan Congress as a representative and was a driving force behind the Venezuelan Constitution. In late 1812 and 1813, Bolivar began a series of attacks that would eventually free Venezuela and most of South America from Spanish domination. Because of his leadership, he was seen as a father figure by his soldiers, and was greatly loved by many South Americans. The country of Bolivia is named for him and he is often referred to as “the George Washington of South America.” He was elected the President of the new country of Bolivia and is known throughout South America as the “Liberator.”

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Name ____________________ Date _____________________

Comparative biographies

George Washington Simon Bolivar 1. Where born? And to whom?

2. Education

3. Early Military Careers

4. People who influenced them

5. Political careers

6. Periods of retirement and why did they leave retirement?

7. Attitude of others towards these men

8. Accomplishments

9. Honors

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Comparative biographies

What Do You Think

Directions: Answer in complete sentences in the space provided. If you need more space, use the back side of this sheet.

1. Was Simon Bolivar the “George Washington of South America”? Give your reasons as to why or why not. 2. Do you think that Simon Bolivar would have accomplished what he did without role models to follow? Give examples of the role models. 3. What do you think would have happened in the United States and South America if neither of these men had lived?

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Primary Source Document

Bolivar Shares His Reasons for Revolution Excerpt from “The Letter from Jamaica” Simon Bolivar was a leader in the struggle for independence of Spain’s South American colonies. In 1815 he fled to Jamaica to avoid imprisonment. While there, he wrote a letter detailing the colonies’ grievances. Read this excerpt from the letter, then answer the questions.

Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than ever before, who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling1 restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops… In short, do you wish to know what our future held?--simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugar cane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold--but even these limitations could never satisfy the greed of Spain.

…Is it not an outrage and a violation of human rights to expect a land so splendidly endowed, so vast, rich, and populous, to remain merely passive? 1. galling: extremely irritating

1. What did Bolivar think was wrong with the Spanish system of colonization? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why might the Spanish government have forbidden colonists to grow crops that could grown in Europe? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. What words and phrases in this excerpt reflect Bolivar’s emotions? What facts did he cite in support of his argument? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

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Social System in Colonial Latin America

Peninsulares European born whites

Creoles Colonial born whites

Mestizos Mixed blood (Spanish - Native Am. Indian) Mulattoes Mixed blood (Spanish - African) Native American Indians Natives

Enslaved African

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Ch 24 test review terms

Use your textbook and the review sheet from the film "Nationalism in the 19th century" to study for this test.

social classes in the Spanish colonies Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Miguel Hidalgo

conservatives/liberals/radicals nationalism nation state the Balkans – what countries make up the Balkans Louis Napoleon Alexander II

Cavour Garibaldi Mazzini Red Shirts Bismarck realpolitik kaiser

Romanticism realism impressionism

From the film:

What are the elements that make a group of people into a nation? Who were the 3 main people who helped create Italian unification? What was the German state that united Germany? What countries became independent at the Congress of Berlin? The control of Bosnia was taken over by whom?