Chapter 9 - The Islamic World Section 2: The Spread of Islam.
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Transcript of Chapter 9 - The Islamic World Section 2: The Spread of Islam.
Chapter 9 - The Islamic World
Section 2: The Spread of Islam
Main Idea
After Muhammad’s death, Islam spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula, shaping a major empire within 100 years. While the empire eventually broke into smaller parts, Islam continued to spread.
Reading Focus
• How did Islam evolve after Muhammad’s death?
• What were key events of the Umayyad dynasty?
• What changes occurred under the Abbasid dynasty?
• What led to the end of the caliphate’s unity?
Section 2: The Spread of Islam
I. Islam after Muhammad’s DeathAD 632 - Muhammad died without naming a successor; Abu Bakr chosen as caliph
Muhammad and Abu Bakr visit poor Bedouins who have no food to share until the Prophet makes their ewe give milk
I. Islam after Muhammad’s DeathAbu Bakr built an Arab army, unified Arabia, and led forces north
I. Islam after Muhammad’s Death
Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph; conquered Persian Empire and Iraq
I. Islam after Muhammad’s DeathArabs attacked the Byzantine Empire; took Syria, Jerusalem, and Egypt
II. Internal conflict and DivisionUthman became next caliph, supported by Umayyad clan; was soon murdered
II. Internal conflict and Division
Disagreement over caliph split Muslims; Ali chosen as caliph; war between Ali’s forces and Umayyads
Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (c.598-661) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661
II. Internal conflict and Division
Ali was assassinated; Umayyads took control and Mu‘awiyah became caliph
Mu’awiyah: First caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty
II. Internal conflict and Division
Most Muslims accepted Mu‘awiyah as caliph – the Sunni, or “followers of the Sunna”
II. Internal conflict and DivisionAli’s followers believed only his descendants should be caliphs; the Shia – “party of Ali”
II. Internal conflict and DivisionSplit deepened when Mu‘awiyah’s descendants killed Ali’s son, Husayn
Mausoleum of Imam Husayn, Kerbala, Iraq
Now I Get It: Sunni vs. Shia
by Katie Couric
Yahoo Global News Anchor Katie Couric explains why there’s such bad blood
between Sunni and Shia Muslims in Iraq.
Sunni vs Shia Muslims
II. Internal conflict and DivisionA third group emerged - the Sufi, Muslimmystics who lived simple lives centered on God
Whirling Dervishes
The Sufi Whirling Dervishes of Istanbul - YouTube
III. The Umayyad Dynasty
Muslim rule spread under the Umayyad caliphs
III. The Umayyad Dynasty
Achievements:Arabic official languageCommon currencyFirst work of Islamic architecture - Dome of
the Rock in Jerusalem
Muhammad meets Gabriel on his night journey
The winged steed Buraq, carries Muhammad to the
"farthest mosque"
IV. The Abbasid Dynasty
740s – the Abbasids, led by descendants of Muhammad’s uncle, wipe out Umayyads
IV. The Abbasid Dynasty
Abbasids move capital to Baghdad; end of Arab domination of Muslim world
V. The End of Unity
European Christian armies weaken Muslim rule: i.e. Spain and Crusades
V. The End of Unity1055 – Seljuk Turks rose to power and took control of Baghdad
V. The End of Unity
1200 - Mamluks took control of Egypt and Syria
V. The End of Unity
1258 Mongols destroy Baghdad, kill Abbasid caliph – the end of the caliphate