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58
LUBRICATION Jariyaporn Saothong, (Ph.D.)

Transcript of Chapter 9 Lubrications - smlubritech.com · the same time, which accelerate the wear. ... Bearing...

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LUBRICATION

Jariyaporn Saothong, (Ph.D.)

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LubricationLubrication

Preventive MaintenancePreventive Maintenance

Fixed Time Maintenance Condition Based ConditionFixed Time Maintenance

Cl i

Condition Based Condition

Cleaning

Changing of filter

O f i Lubrication One of important activities of PM

Inspection

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Objectives of lubricationObjectives of lubrication

Reduce Minimize Provide Prevent Coating to seal out

Flush away

friction of wear cooling corrosion contaminators

contamination

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TribologyTribologyTribologyTribology

Th i f f i ti l b i ti d The science of friction, lubrication, and wear.Friction transmits the forces of the press to the

k h h d d workpiece to achieve the desired strains.Lubrication is used primarily to control friction

fand prevent adhesion. It may also function to prevent corrosion. Adhesion is the most prevalent and problematic form of wear. Uncontrolled friction causes high local stresses , and machine breakdown.

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FrictionFriction

Friction Force : due to two surfaces in contact with each other and the tendency of the two surfaces to oppose each others motionmotion.Cause of friction is the combination of molecular adhesion, surface roughness, and deformation effects.g ,

Sliding Friction Rolling Friction Sliding Friction Rolling Friction

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Different types of wearDifferent types of wear

Adhesive wear

C i FatigueCorrosion

Abrasive wear

Several different types of wear are present at the same time, which accelerate the wear

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ขอบเขตของสภาวะการหลอลน

ไ 1. สภาวะไรการหลอลน หรอการหลอลนแบบแหง

ผวสมผสของควสดสมผสกนโดยตรง ทาใหเกดการเสยหาย หรอสกหรออยางรนแรง

บนผวหนาของคผววสด เนอวสดสญเสยเปนปรมาณสงมาก

2. สภาวะการหลอลนแบบบาวนดาร

เปนสภาวะทเกดฟลมหลอลนขนาดบางมากทชนผวหนาของวสด เมอเกดการเสยดเปนสภาวะทเกดฟลมหลอลนขนาดบางมากทชนผวหนาของวสด เมอเกดการเสยด

ส เชน บรเวณทอณหภมสง มปรมาณสารหลอลนไมเพยงพอ

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ขอบเขตของสภาวะการหลอลน

3 สภาวะการหลอลนแบบกงสมบรณ3. สภาวะการหลอลนแบบกงสมบรณ

จะเกดเมอสารหลอลนมชวงเวลาทเหมาะสมในการสรางชนผวทมความแขงแรงตอการเฉอนตวตามาก ซงจะเปนผลดตอคาสมประสทธการเสยดทานและการสกหรอ

การหลอลนแบบผสมหรอการหลอลนแบบกงสมบรณบงบอกถงรปแบบผสมของหลอลนทเกดขน ซงจะมอยางนอย 2 ลกษณะของการสมผสกนของควสด เกดขนพรอมกน

ใ เปนลกษณะของสภาวะทเกดขนในการสลบเปลยนสถานะระหวางประสทธการเสยดทานของการเสยดสของของแขงคสมผสกบสมประสทธการเสยดทานในชนของสารหลอลนในชนของสารหลอลน

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ขอบเขตของสภาวะการหลอลน

4. สภาวะการหลอลนแบบสมบรณ

เปนขอบเขตทมการใชสารหลอลน ทาใหเกดฟลมนามนหนา พอทจะแยกผวค

ของวสดทมการเคลอนทออกจากกนโดยสนเชง เปนการหลอลนแบบเตมฟลม

สมประสทธของการเสยดทานจะขนอยกบสมประสทธการเสยดทานของชนสารหลอ

ลนกบคาความหนดของสารหลอลนนนเพยงอยางเดยว

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ความสมพนธความสมพนธระหวางสภาวะสารหลอระหวางสภาวะสารหลอลนลน, ,

ป ป คาคาสมประสทธการเสยดทานและสมประสทธการเสยดทานและการสกหรอการสกหรอ

สภาวะการหลอลน คาสมประสทธการเสยดทาน การสกหรอ

การลนไถลแบบไรสารหลอลน > 0.3 สงมาก

การหลอลนแบบบาวนดาร < 0.005 เลกนอย

การหลอลนกงสมบรณ 0 005 - 0 3 เลกนอยมากการหลอลนกงสมบรณ 0.005 - 0.3 เลกนอยมาก

การหลอลนแบบสมบรณ 0 005 0 1 แทบไมเกดขนการหลอลนแบบสมบรณ 0.005 - 0.1 แทบไมเกดขน

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ระหวางพนผวสมผสจะตองมสารหลอลน เปรยบเสมอนกาแพงกน และเปนการลดแรง

เสยดทานขณะมการเคลอนทเสยดทานขณะมการเคลอนท

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What happen if it is not lubricate properly?

Gear tooth damageBearing damage Gear tooth damageg

Because of not have lubrication

Because of lubrication not clean and dirty

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สารหลอลน : ไดมาจากการกลนลาดบสวนจากนามนดบ

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AdditivesAdditivesAdditivesAdditives

Oxidation InhibitorsOxidation InhibitorsRust InhibitorsAntiwear AdditiveAntiwear AdditiveExtreme-Pressure AdditivesPour-point DepressantsViscosity Index ImproverDetergents & DispersantsDefoamantsEtc.

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AdditivesAdditivesAdditivesAdditives

T P ti Ch i l Type Properties Chemicals

Oxidation Inhibitors สารตานออกซเดชน

•ลดการทาปฏกรยากบออกซเจน•ลดการเกดกรด

•Zinc dialkydithiophosphate

•ลดการเกดตะกอน•ยดอายการใชงาน

•Bis-phenols•Aromatic Amines

Rust Inhibitors สารปองกนสนม

•ลดการทาปฏกรยากบออกซเจน•ลดการเกดกรด•ลดการเกดตะกอน

•Metallicsoaps•Organic acid•Amines

•ยดอายการใชงาน

Antiwear Additive •ปองกนการสกหรอของผว •Zinc dialkyAntiwear Additive สารปองกนการสกหรอ •เครองจกรกลทมภาระงานสง

Zinc dialkydithiophosphate•Tricresal phosphate

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AdditivesAdditivesAdditivesAdditives

T P ti Ch i l Type Properties Chemicals

Extreme-pressure Additives

•เพมความแขงแรงของฟลมนามน•รบภาระงานสง

•Organic compound of •Sulfur

สารรบแรงกดสง •ชวยปองกนการสกหรอ •Phosphorous•Chlorine

•Lead naphthenate

Pour-point Depressants สารลดการอดตน

•ลดการตกผลกของขผง•ลดจดแขงตวของนามน

•Methacrylate polymer •Wax alkylated phenol

•ทาใหนามนไหลไดทอณหภมต าy p

and polymer

Viscosity index improver •ลดอตราการเปลยนแปลงความหนด •PolysobutyleneViscosity index improver สารปรบปรงดชนความหนด ใส

ของนามนเมออณหภมเปลยนไป

Polysobutylene•Methacrylate•Crylatecopolymers

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AdditivesAdditivesAdditivesAdditives

T P ti Ch i l Type Properties Chemicals

Detergents & Dispersantsสารชะลางและกระจายความ

•ชะลางความสกปรกออกจากผวของชนสวน

•Metallic sulfonate•Amines,pheno

•กระจายไมใหรวมตวเปนโคลน•ทาใหเครองเดนเรยบ

•Alkyl substituatesalicylate•Succinimides

Defoamants

สารปองกนฟอง

•ปองกนการเกดฟองของนามนทหมนเวยนในระบบ

•Silicone polymer •Organic polymerg p y

DyesEtcEtc.

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Lubrication by additive typesLubrication by additive types

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Lubrication TypesLubrication TypesLubrication TypesLubrication Types

SolidGraphiteMolybdenumdisulphite (MoS2) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Plastic)

Semi-fluidGrease

FluidMineral oil (Paraffin, Naphthenic )Synthetic oil (Poly-alfa-olefines (PAO), Polyglycoles, Esters, Silicone oil )

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Properties of solid lubricantsProperties of solid lubricantsProperties of solid lubricantsProperties of solid lubricants

Graphite MoS2 PTFE

ส เทา - ดา เทา - ดา โปรงแสง

ความถวงจาเพาะ 1.4-2.4 4.8-4.9

ความแขง (Mohs) 1-2 1-2( )อณหภมใชงาน (ºC) (-18) – (450) (-180) – (400) (-280) – (200)

ความตานทานตอปฏกรยาเคม ดมาก ด ดความตานทานตอปฏกรยาเคม ดมาก ด ด

ความตานทานตอการกดกรอน ด เลว ด

ความตานทานตอกมมนตภาพรงส ด ด เลวความตานทานตอกมมนตภาพรงส ด ด เลว

สมประสทธการเสยดทาน 0.1-0.2 0.04-0.09 0.04-0.09

ผลลพธจากปฏกรยาออกซเดชน CO CO MoO SO Fe Cผลลพธจากปฏกรยาออกซเดชน CO, CO2 MoO3, SO2 Fe2C

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Lubrication TypesLubrication Types

Grease LubricationGrease lubrication is used for about 90% of all Grease lubrication is used for about 90% of all

rolling bearings. The main advantage of grease lubrications are:

A very simple design. It enhances the sealing effect. Long service life but little maintenance is required. Enable for heavily stressed (load, speed and temp)

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Lubrication TypesLubrication Types

Oil Lubrication:

Solution for applications where adjacent pp jmachine elements are already supplied with oil or where heat (high loads and/or high speeds ) has to ( g / g p )be removed by means of the lubricant. e.g. Oil-mist-lubrication or oil-air-lubricationlubrication or oil air lubrication

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แนใจแนใจแลวหรอแลวหรอ? ? ..วาสารหลอวาสารหลอลนมความสะอาดเพยงพอ ไมมสงเจอปน ลนมความสะอาดเพยงพอ ไมมสงเจอปน ( ( สงสกปรกตางๆสงสกปรกตางๆ))แนใจแนใจแลวหรอแลวหรอ? ? ..วาสารหลอวาสารหลอลนมความสะอาดเพยงพอ ไมมสงเจอปน ลนมความสะอาดเพยงพอ ไมมสงเจอปน ( ( สงสกปรกตางๆสงสกปรกตางๆ))

เพราะสงสกปรกเหลานจะทา อนตรายเพราะสงสกปรกเหลานจะทา อนตรายแกชนสวนแกชนสวนเครองจกรเครองจกร

ถงแมจะมสารหลอลนระหวางชนสวนทงสองกตามถงแมจะมสารหลอลนระหวางชนสวนทงสองกตาม ถงแมจะมสารหลอลนระหวางชนสวนทงสองกตามถงแมจะมสารหลอลนระหวางชนสวนทงสองกตาม

นามนทไมสะอาด......มอนภาคของสงสกปรก

ชนสวนเกดการสก

หรอ....!!!

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การใชสารหลอลนเครองจกร นอกจากจะ

คานงถง ชนดและคณสมบตแลว ยงตอง

คานงถงความสะอาดดวย เพอปองกนสง

สกปรกปะปนไปกบสารหลอลนนน

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Lubrication ManagementLubrication Management

For all equipments; need to indentifyProper lubricantLubrication frequency

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Lubrication ManagementLubrication Management

A fA master lubrication card consists ofMachine numberMachine nameMachine locationLubrication pointsType of lubricant at each lubrication pointLubrication frequency at each lubrication pointCheck off space to show that lubrication is completedSpace to identify any observed irregularity at each lubrication point

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Equipments for grease lubricationEquipments for grease lubrication

Grease Lubrication

Grease GunGrease Gun Grease PumpGrease Pump

Automatic Grease CapAutomatic Grease CapAutomatic Grease CapAutomatic Grease CapAutomatic Grease PumpAutomatic Grease Pump

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ExampleExamplepp

“DO NOT ” ‘ DO ”Do not by Hand. Do by Greas Gun.Do not by Hand. y

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ExampleExamplepp

Grease Gun

Grease Fittingg

Bearing

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ExampleExamplepp

INSPECTION

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Equipments for oil lubricationEquipments for oil lubrication

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Question! Question! Question! Question!

If your company has various to machines, which are diversified require different type of lubricants. Is it important to stock all lubricants? How to do?

See cross-reference chart so that different producers’ lubrication numbers can be correlated.

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Property of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oils

Viscosity determines the lubrication ability of a lubricant (How easily the oil runs)Lubrication oils are usually classified by kinetic viscosity (measure without movement)y ( )Kinetic viscosity is measured by viscosimeter. Its unit is called Centistoke (cSt) and is expressed as mm2/sis called Centistoke (cSt) and is expressed as mm /s

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Property of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oils

Kinetic viscosity can be convert into dynamic viscosity (measure during movement)dynamic viscosity is defined as the resistance due to friction between two lubricated surface of area 1m2 that are gliding against each other with a speed of 1m/s. Its unit is Newton seconds (Ns/m2) or speed of 1m/s. Its unit is Newton seconds (Ns/m ) or Pascal seconds (Pa s)

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Property of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oilsProperty of oils

ISO VG : The international Standard of Viscosity Grade. ISO standard measures viscosity at two temperatures (40°Cand 100 °C). ISO VG properties measures at 40°C .Ex. ISO VG 46: That means an oil according to ISO VG 46 gis 46 Centistokes at 40 °C. For other temperatures, need to use a Viscosity-temperature diagram. Viscosity Index (VI): indicates how the viscosity is dependent on temperature. (High VI: viscosity change little p p ( g y gwith temp., Low VI: viscosity change much with temp. )

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Viscosity-temperature diagramViscosity temperature diagram

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EX: ISO VG of lubricantsEX: ISO VG of lubricants

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Example of gear oilsExample of gear oilsExample of gear oilsExample of gear oils

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Example of grease Example of grease Example of grease Example of grease

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LubricantLubricant ClassificationClassification

Shape symbol of sticker

Oil type

Grease typeGrease type

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Lubricant ClassificationLubricant ClassificationLubricant ClassificationLubricant Classification

Mobil 360 M bil EP 2

OilOil GreaseGreaseMobil 360Mobil 632Mobil 634Mobil DTE 24

Mobilux EP – 2Shell alvania R – 3Aralub MKL – 3Mobil DTE 25

Mobil DTE 15Mobil SHC 629Mobilarma 524

Aralub MKL 3Kluber staburags N-12Kluber grease BH72 –422Mobilarma 524

Kluber primium super Kluberplex GE – 11 680Shell vitrea oil 150

Kluber grease petamoGHY 443Silicon paste uni silicon Silicon oil DC 704

Silicon oil fluid PH 1000 BAVERLub oil GS – 77

Silicon paste uni silicon TKM 1011Molykote P - 37

Lub oil N - 62

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Classification of oil by color codingClassification of oil by color codingy gy g

0

1

9Mobil 360

Mobil 632

Kluberplex GE – 11 680White

Red

Blue

1

210

11

Mobil 632

Mobil 634Shell vitrea oil 150

Silicon oil DC 704Yellow

Red +White

Red +Grey

3

412

11Mobil DTE 24

M bil DTE 25

Silicon oil fluid PH 1000 BAVERMarine

Green

Red +Yellow

4

513

14

Mobil DTE 25

Mobil DTE 15Lub oil GS – 77

Lub oil N 62

Green

Pink

Red +Blue

Red +Green

67

14Mobil SHC 629

M bil 524

Lub oil N - 62Orange

15 For future7

8

Mobilarma 524

Kluber primium super

Grey

Black

15

16 For future

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Classification of oil by color codingClassification of oil by color codingy gy g

Push on equipment

Push on Oil drum

Push on Machine

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Classification of grease by color codingClassification of grease by color coding

21 26Aralub MKL – 321 26

27

White

Silicon paste uni silicon TKM 1011

Pink

Molykote P - 37

Kluber grease BH72 – 4222227

RedGrey

Kluber greasepetamo GHY 443KluberKluber staburags NN--121223 28

Yellow Black

Mobilux EP – 224Marine

For future29

White

Shell alvania R – 325

Marine White

30Shell alvania R – 3

Green For futureWhite

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Classification of grease by color codingClassification of grease by color coding

Push on equipment

C ass ca o o g ease by co o cod gC ass ca o o g ease by co o cod g

Push on Bearing

Push on drum

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The 5 rights of lubricationsThe 5 rights of lubrications

Right typeRight qualityRight amountRight placeRight time

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Lube oil analysisLube oil analysis

Regular lube oil analysis will help to assure reliable equipment performance and reduce unscheduled downtime. Can provide the condition of a facility and condition of the lubricating oil

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Oxidation process time at different temperaturesOxidation process time at different temperaturesp pp p

T t A i t d lif tiTemperature Approximated life time

30 °C 30 Years

40 °C 15 Years40 C 15 Years

50 °C 7.5Years

60 °C 3.7Years

70 °C 1.8 Years

80 °C 0.9 Years

90 °C 0.4 Years

100 °C 0.2 Years

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Oil analysisy

Physical analysis Chemical Analysis

ViscosityFiltration

Acid numberBase number

UltracentifugualAsh content

Water contentOxidationMetal analysis

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Lube room detail

Grease Equipment

Oil Equipment

Floor coating

Drum support

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Oil pump zone

Ball valve

Lubrication name

Lubrication code Sticker code

Oil pump

Sticker code

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Pressure regulator & water drain

Pressure gauge Pressure adjustment

Water drain

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Shelve

Oil Shelve Grease ShelveSticker coding

Lubrication name

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Grease equipment

Other equipment

Grease gun

Sticker coding

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Oil equipment

Oil container

Container numbers

Sticker codingg

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Lubrication service

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Key locker