Chapter 9: From the Andes to the AmazonSection 3: Human-Environment Interaction

Today’s Preview

• Lecture– Farming– Urbanization– Tourism

• Health, Wealth & Literacy• Chapter Review• Closure

Objectives• By the end of class, you should be able to:

1. Identify how agriculture reshapes the ecological environment.

2. Describe the effects of urbanization & cities.3. Discuss the positive and negative effects of

tourism.4. Discuss the relationship between health,

wealth and literacy in Latin America.

Mountain Agriculture

Terraced Farming

Terraced Farming

• Used for growing crops on hillsides and mountains

• Cut steps into the fields to allow steep land to be cultivated

Agriculture reshapes the environment

Slash-and-Burn

• Cut down trees and brush, then set fire to the debris to clear the field

• Ash left behind is rich natural fertilizer for farming

• Ancient technique

Slash-and-Burn farming

Urbanization

• Much of rural Latin America is subsistence farming

• Push and Pull factors are drawing people off the land

Push and Pull factors

• Push factors:– Poor medical care– Poor education– Low-paying jobs– Land is owned by a few rich people

Push and Pull factors

• Pull factors:– Higher-paying jobs– Access to schools– Better medical care

Push Factors

Pull Factors

Rapidly growing cities

• Six cities in South America rank among the largest in the region.– Mexico City, Mexico: 21,027,200 people– Sao Paulo, Brazil: 18,505,100 people– Buenos Aires, Argentina: 12,923,800 people– Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 11,246,600 people– Bogotá, Columbia: 7,798,000 people– Santiago, Chile: 5,636,800 people

Rapidly growing cities

• What challenges do cities face when their population grows quickly?– Short term challenges– Long term challenges

Rapidly growing cities

Rapidly growing cities

Rapidly growing cities

Rapidly growing cities

Rapidly growing cities

• The major cities in the region have similar problems– Slums– Unemployment– Crime– Air Pollution– Water shortages– Weak infrastructure

Advantages & Disadvantagesof Tourism

• What are some of the advantages of a tourist-based economy?

• What are some of the disadvantages?

Cruise ports

Urban slum

Health, Wealth & Literacy

• Listen carefully to the directions!• There are three parts to this research• First complete the top portion of the form• You will break into different groups for the

next step• The last step will be independent work.

Review of Chapter 9• Chapter review for Chapter 9:– Page 214:– Main Ideas section 1-10. – Critical Thinking 2-5.

• Answer in complete sentences, but you do not have to re-write the question.

• Due at the next class period

Pretest Question #1

• The Inca built their civilization in the Andes Mountains by

A. altering their environment.B. changing the climate.C. going on a diet.D. using farm machinery.

Pretest Question #2

• Push factors and pull factors have to do with

A. growing and harvesting vegetables.

B. fishing.C. driving a car.D. people leaving a rural area to go to

the cities.

Pretest Question #3

• Some South Americans still use the _______ method of farming thought to be used by native people thousands of years ago.

A. tilling the soilB. slash-and-burnC. plow and fertilizeD. aquaculture

Pretest Question #4

• Sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing are part of a city’s

A. landscape.B. infrastructure.C. tourist attraction.D. road map.

Closure• How does agriculture reshape the ecological

environment?• Describe the effects of urbanization and cities.• What are positive effects of tourism?• What are negative effects of tourism?• What is the relationship between Health, Wealth &

Literacy?• NEXT TIME: Turn in Chapter 9 Homework• NEXT TIME: Read Chapter 10, Section 1• NEXT TIME: Mexico!