Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell—Overall Objectives Describe the Light and Dark stages of photosynthesis...
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Transcript of Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell—Overall Objectives Describe the Light and Dark stages of photosynthesis...
![Page 1: Chapter 9 Energy in a Cell—Overall Objectives Describe the Light and Dark stages of photosynthesis Light Spectrum; V.L.S.; ROYGBIV; why is chlorophyll.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfd11a28abf838cab49c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9Energy in a Cell—Overall Objectives
• Describe the Light and Dark stages of photosynthesis• Light Spectrum; V.L.S.; ROYGBIV; why is chlorophyll green; • Know order, which end of VLS is higher energy and shorter
wavelength.
• Why organisms need energy.• Know general formula for photosynthesis• What is ATP?
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9.1:THE NEED FOR ENERGY
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Energy Needs
• Necessary for work Kinds of work your body does:
mechanical
chemical
electrochemical shuttling
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Where the energy comes from
• Stored in chemical bonds
• Convert the food we eat
• Into:– ATP
• A form of stored energy
• Short-term energy storage
• “the energy currency of the cell”
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Energy Sources
•The main sources of ATP are the major energy reactions of:
•photosynthesis •and
•cellular respiration
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ATP –Energy Currency
•
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Energy Relationships
ATP
BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS(ANABOLIC)
ENERGY INPUT
DEGRADATIVE PATHWAYS(CATABOLIC)
energy-poor products(such as carbon dioxide, water)
large energy-rich molecules(fats, complex carbohydrates,
proteins, nucleic acids)
simple organic compounds(simple sugars, amino acids,
fatty acids, nucleotides)
ADP + Pi
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Energy Flow in the Living World
• All living org. need energy.
• Get energy from breaking down food.
• Photosynthesis: Light energy used to build sugars and other organic molecules from inorganic molecules. Plants, Algae (protists), some Bacteria.
• Cellular Respiration—releases energy
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Photosynthesis Summary Equation
6H2O + 6CO2 6O2 + C6H12O6
water carbon dioxide
oxygen glucose
LIGHT ENERGY
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Photosynthesis: • Two main Stages• 1. Light-Dependent Reactions
Capture sunlight energy
Use energy to make ATP and NADPH.• 2 Light Independent Reactions
– Build Carbohydrates
• IN PLANTS-THE WHOLE PRODUCTION TAKES PLACE IN THE CHLOROPLASTS
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The chloroplasts and pigments
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Photosynthesis:Light
• Light is a form of energy from the sun• Electromagnetic Spectrum-all the
wavelengths of light• Visible Light Spectrum-a portion-we can
see— Photosynthesis• All butGreen&YellowUsed• Shorter=more energy
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The V.L.S
.
Wavelength: Shorter Longer
Energy: More Less
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.• Pigments-absorb light in V.L.S.
Chlorophyll-main pigment Carotenoids—help out
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Pigments
Absorb certain wavelengths
• Color you see are the wavelengths NOT absorbed
• A few absorb so many, they appear dark or black Wavelength (nanometers)
chlorophyll b
chlorophyll a
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PHOTOSNYTHESIS PROCESS OVERALL
• Light Reactions: Chlorophyll molecules in Thylakoid absorb light energy, energizing electrons; electrons are lost and used to drive the synthesis of ATP. – Water donates electrons and hydrogens.
• NADPH forms.
• Dark Reactions: The ATP and NADPH along with CO2 are used (in the dark) to make sugar in the stroma in the Calvin Cycle.
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The Sugar initially produced is used by the plant to make other organic compounds.
• Plants will use the sugars made to FUEL their metabolic activities too!!