Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes...
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Transcript of Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes...
![Page 1: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”
![Page 2: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake.
The plant takes the raw materials (CO2 & H2O), puts them together using energy (heat), & synthesize the cake.
In order to get the energy out of the cake, the plant & us must ingest it (eat), digest it (break it down into its monomers) & then we must “burn it” to release the energy stored in the bonds of the cake.
THIS IS RESPIRATION
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How do we get the energy out of the food that we have consumed?
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Cellular Respiration
• Is the process by which organisms obtain the energy they need by releasing the chemical energy stored in nutrients and transferring that energy into ATP
•Nutrient = Glucose•Chemical Energy = ATP
![Page 5: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Occurs in the Mitochondria
of Eukaryotic organismsRespiration occurs on the cristae
Does this sound familiar?
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Two Types of Respiration
• Aerobic Respiration – needs oxygen to release the energy in food
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
• Anaerobic Respiration – can release the energy from food without the need of oxygen. (Some bacteria & yeast)
C6H12O6 2 CO2 + 2 Ethanol + 2 ATP = alcoholic fermentation
C6H12O6 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP = lactic acid fermentation
![Page 7: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Anaerobic Respiration
• Also known as fermentation• Occurs in the cytoplasm of yeast, some bacterial cells
• Since the organisms are very small and their needs are simple, they do not need much ATP
![Page 8: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anaerobic Respiration occurs in two steps
1. Glycolysis
Glucose (6 Carbons) is broken down into 2 Pyruvic (3 Carbons each) acid molecules + 2 ATP (activation energy)
Produces 4 ATP, netting 2 ATP
2 ATP
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Fermentation
• The 2 Pyruvic Acids will break down into:
1. Alcohol + CO2 (yeast and some bacteria)
2. Lactic Acid (bacteria, us – more later)
Both forms will not produce any more ATP molecules
![Page 10: Chapter 9: “Cellular Respiration”. Think of Photosynthesis like baking a cake. The plant takes the raw materials (CO 2 & H 2 O), puts them together using.](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022110211/56649ef65503460f94c0a1e6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Uses for Fermentation
• Yeast & some bacteria
Used in baking, wine making and brewing industry
• Bacteria
Lactic acid production is used in cheese processing, buttermilk, sour cream, yogurt, sauerkraut, pickles. The souring of dairy products is actually the production of lactic acid by anaerobic bacteria
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Aerobic Respiration•Occurs in the mitochondria
•Yields more ATP per molecule of glucose (36 – 38 molecules) of ATP/Glucose
•Occurs in 3 basic steps
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1. Glycolysis
Using 2 ATP as activation energy, a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 Pyruvic Acid molecules. 4 ATP are produced, leaving 2 ATP netted. Occurs in cytoplasm.
2. Krebs Cycle – in the Mitochondria, the 2 Pyruvic acids are broken down, releasing CO2 & producing 2 ATP
3. Electron Transport Chain – Oxygen combines with hydrogen
32 ATP are produced
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Krebs Cycle
Pyruvic Acid
2 Carbon Dioxides
Carbon Dioxide
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How much more efficient is Aerobic Respiration than
Anaerobic Respiration at releasing ATP from one molecule of glucose?
Aerobic respiration yields 2 + 2 + 3236 ATP
Anaerobic respiration yields 2 ATP 2 ATP _______
36: 2
Bottom Line: Aerobic Respiration is 18x more efficient!!!
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Muscle Fatigue
• You are a large organism and need a lot of ATP to keep you fueled.
• At times though, you may not be breathing correctly & therefore, are not taking in enough O2 to remain an aerobic organism.
• During this time, your body (muscle cells) converts to anaerobic respiration to give you some ATP. Hey, 2 ATP are better than none!
• Lactic acid accumulates in your muscle cells, acid burns the cells, causing you to cramp up & thus slowing down your activity
• When you begin to breathe normally again, the lactic acid breaks down and the “O2 debt” is paid