Chapter 8Young Children with Learning Disabilities

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Precursors of Learning Disabilities

• Phonological awareness

• Rapid naming skills

• Knowledge of the alphabet

• Visual-motor skills

• Communication/oral language

• Fine- and gross-motor skills

• Attending abilities

• Social skills

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Motor Development

• Gross motor skills

• Fine motor skills

• Learning through play

• Perceptual motor skills

• Sensory integration therapy

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Sensory Integration Therapy

• Tactile system

• Vestibular system

• Proprioceptive system

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Phases of Assessment

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Auditory Perception

• Auditory perception—interpreting what is heard

• Phonological awareness

• Auditory discrimination

• Auditory memory

• Auditory sequencing

• Auditory blending

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Visual Perception

• Visual perception—interpreting what is seen

• Visual discrimination

• Figure-ground perception

• Visual closure

• Spatial relations

• Object-letter recognition

• Reversals

• Whole-part perception

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Legislation for Young Children

• Ages 3 through 5

– Part B

– IEP or IFSP

– Category of disability or developmental delay

– Transition to general or special program

• Birth through 2

– Part C

– IFSP

– Developmental delay

– Transition to preschool program

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Educational Environments for Young Children with Disabilities