Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

Rome’s Beginnings

Rome’s Beginnings

Italy Shaped like a boot In the Mediterranean “toe” points at Sicily Alps border Italy in the North Apennines extend North to south Terrain easier to farm than Greece

Italy supported more people because of this!

Rome’s Beginnings Latins built Rome on the

plain of Latium Located in Central Italy on

Tiber River 2 stories tell of Rome’s

beginning Remus and Romulus Aeneas and the Trojan

followers

Remus and Romulus

As babies, they were abandoned by the Tiber River, rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd. Built a city, had a fight, Romulus killed Remus, became king and named the city after himself

Aeneas and Trojan Followers

Aeneas and Trojan followers A famous Greek poet named Virgil

wrote an epic called the Aeneid. Aeneas was the main character, a Trojan hero who along with his followers sailed the Mediterranean Sea after the Greeks captured Troy. He had many adventures ending with marriage to the king’s daughter. He united the Trojans and the Latins (local people) and became known as

the “father” of Rome.

Rome’s Beginnings

Latins were influenced by Greeks and Etruscans especially

The Etruscans were skilled metal workers The Etruscans were a model for Roman army

Rome’s Beginnings

Tarquins Leaders of Etruscan-

ruled Rome Romans rebelled after

100 years of rule Established a republic

Leader is not king or queen

Elected by citizen vote to office by citizens

Rome’s Beginnings

Rome had large army Very powerful Excellent and disciplined

soldiers Soldiers were good problem

solvers Legion is a group of 6,000

soldiers Roads connected all of

Rome’s military settlements

Rome’s Beginnings Roman

Confederation Gave full

citizenship to some (vote, serve gov’t)

Others received status of allies (rule own local affairs)

Rome’s Government

Cicero Denounces Catiline: Fresco by Cesare Maccari (1840-1919 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Maccari-Cicero.jpg

Rome’s Government

Two classes of people in Rome

Patricians: wealthy land owners; made up Rome’s ruling class

Plebeians: artisans, shopkeepers, owners of small farms (most citizens)

Roman Principles of Government

Government organized around a Constitution Not written; Constitution was a verbal tradition.

Powers were separated. Power shared (initially) by three branches.

Assembly, Senate, and Magistrate. Tripartite Government.

Assemblies: Adult male Roman Citizens which passed the laws and elected magistrates All adult males could vote. A form of direct democracy

Assembly

Senate: Wealthy, important citizens who helped to pass laws. They controlled Roman money and foreign policy. Most powerful part of government. Only wealthy and politically connected could

become Senators. Positions were prestigious and very influential.

Senate

Magistrates: Elected Officials who enforced the law and judged cases.

Race of Honors Started off in lower offices

Quaestor (kept track of money) Aedile (maintain public buildings and festivals)

Tribune of Plebs: Powerful position where they could veto laws or acts of any magistrate.

Upper offices: Praetor: Judged cases, managed city, and led armies Consul: Two top officials in government. The shared

power and could veto the other. Good idea? Why?

Magistrates

Rome’s Government

Roman Republic had a dictator who served people and was a temporary ruler during emergencies.Cincinnatus

best know early Roman dictator

Cincinnatus AKA Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus

Born: 519 BCDied: 430 BCCause of death: unspecified

Gender: MaleReligion: PaganRace or Ethnicity: WhiteOccupation: Military

Nationality: Ancient RomeExecutive summary: Republican leader of Rome

Rome’s Government

Twelve Tables first code of laws was adopted around 451 B.C Basis of all future

Roman laws Law of Nations created

to address issues of conquered people

Rule of law is idea that laws should apply to everyone equally

Table 1 and Table 2: Civil Procedure

Table 3: Debt

Table 4: Parents and Children

Table 5: Inheritance

Table 6 and Table 7: Property

Table 8: Torts (causing harm to another)

Table 9: Capital Punishment

Table 10: Funeral Regulations

Table 11: Marriage

Table 12:Crimes

How did Rome grow from a small Republic to a huge empire? From what we know about large empires, how do

empires gain more territory?

Colonization?

Conquering?

How do you think Rome did it?

War, of course. But, who did the Romans fight against?

Punic Wars.