Chapter 8 The Progressive Era. Page 241 #3 a. Progressives attempted to solve poverty, the spread of...
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Transcript of Chapter 8 The Progressive Era. Page 241 #3 a. Progressives attempted to solve poverty, the spread of...
![Page 1: Chapter 8 The Progressive Era. Page 241 #3 a. Progressives attempted to solve poverty, the spread of slums, poor working conditions in factories and the.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033104/56649d0d5503460f949e1d0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8
The Progressive Era
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Page 241 #3
• a. Progressives attempted to solve poverty, the spread of slums, poor working conditions in factories and the power of big corporations.
• b. When President Roosevelt spoke about a “square deal” he was talking about a fair situation for everyone. He tried to achieve this by breaking up trusts and regulating industries.
• c. In the field of conservation Roosevelt added to the forest reserves, doubled national parks, created the first wildlife refuge and preserved natural wonders.
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progressivism
an early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life
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muckraker
around 1900, a term for a journalist who exposed corruption in American society.
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Ida Tarbell
a muckraker who exposed John D. Rockefeller’s company’s use of unfair business practices.
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Three goals of progressive reformers
• 1. Reform government and expand democracy
• 2. Promote social welfare
• 3. Create economic reform
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patronage
• Elected officials gave government jobs or contacts to their friends, even if they were not qualified
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Pendleton Civil Service Act
• This law passed in 1883 ended patronage. It required people getting a government job to take a test to prove they were qualified
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direct primary
voters, rather than party conventions, choose candidates to run for public office
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initiative
• the procedure that allows voters to propose a new law directly
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referendum
• when a proposed law is submitted to a vote of the people
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recall
• to vote an official out of office
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Promoting Social Welfare
• Addressed problems of poverty, unemployment and poor working conditions
• Examples: Jane Addams- Hull House ; prohibitionists- wanted to make alcohol illegal
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Creating Economic Reform
• Sherman Antitrust Act: a law passed in 1890 that made it illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts
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Theodore Roosevelt
• the first progressive president of the U.S. He was interested in trying to change society to make it fair for everyone, not just the privileged. He was known as a trust buster because he was responsible for breaking up many trusts. He was also concerned about America’s natural resources.
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“Trustbuster”
• Theodore Roosevelt’s nickname for breaking up 44 trusts. Wanted to offer everyone a “square deal”
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Upton Sinclair
author of The Jungle, a book that exposed the poor sanitary conditions of the meat-packing industry
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The Jungle
• Described unsanitary conditions in a meat packing plant that ground up dead rats with the pork to make sausage.
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The Jungle
• Caused Roosevelt to pass Meat inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
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Conservation
• Roosevelt was a strong crusader for conservation.
• Set aside more than 200 million acres of public land for national parks
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Page 247 #1 and #3
• a. The Republican Party split in 1912 because some Republicans wanted to nominate Taft for president while others wanted Roosevelt. They split so each could run their own candidate.
• b. Some of Wilson’s major progressive accomplishments as president were: the Clayton Antitrust Act, The Federal Reserve Act and the Prohibition Amendment (18th Amendment).
• c. The Federal Reserve Act established the Federal Reserve Board and improved the nation’s banking system.
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William Howard Taft
succeeded Roosevelt as president and continued Roosevelt’s attack on trusts. He broke up twice as many trusts as Roosevelt
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Sixteenth Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, that gave congress the power to create income taxes
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Property Tax
• People pay taxes on property they own.
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Sales Tax
• Sales tax is imposed on the retail price of merchandise and collected by the retailer.
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Estate Tax
• This tax is charged against the value of the property of a person who dies. Also known as the “death tax”.
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Seventeenth Amendment
• an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, that provided for the direct election of U.S. senators
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Election of 1912
• Republicans split their support. ½ supported Taft and those supporting Roosevelt formed the Progressive Party a.k.a. the Bull Moose Party.
• The Democrats supported Woodrow Wilson
• Wilson won the election
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Clayton Antitrust Act
• a law passed in 1914 that laid down rules forbidding business practices that lessened competition: it gave the government more power to regulate trusts
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Federal Reserve Act
• a law passed in 1913 that “created” the nation’s banking system and instituted a flexible currency system
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Civil Rights
• Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson did little to advance civil rights of African-American. Wilson approved segregation in the federal government.
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Eighteenth Amendment
• Known as the Prohibition Amendment, this law prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
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Susan B. Anthony
a leader of the women’s suffrage movement; she was president of the National American Women Suffrage Association 1n 1892
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