CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS. NONVASCULAR PLANTS Three major groups of nonvascular...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2 PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS. NONVASCULAR PLANTS Three major groups of nonvascular...
C H A P T E R 8 S E C T I O N 2
PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS
NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• Three major groups of nonvascular plants
• Mosses
• Liverworts
• Hornworts
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONVASCULAR PLANTS
• Low-growing
• Live in moist environments
• Absorb water and other nutrients directly
• Watery surroundings enable sperm cells to swim to egg cells
MOSSES
10,000 species • Green, fuzzy moss is the gametophyte
generation of the plant
• Rhizods: thin, rootlike structures that anchor the moss and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
• The sporophyte generation grows out of the gametophyte
• The sporophyte consists of a slender stalk with a capsule at the end
• The capsule contains spores
A MOSS PLANT
LIVERWORTS
8,000 species
• Often found growing as a thick crust on moist rocks or soil along the sides of a stream
HORNWORTS
• Fewer than 100 species
• Live in moist soil, often mixed in with grass plants
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
• Characteristics• Ferns, club mosses and horsetails have true vascular
tissue
• Do not produce seeds, these plants reproduce by releasing spores
• Can grow tall because vascular tissues effectively transport materials
• Provide strength and stability
• Grow in moist environments• There must be enough water for the
sperm to swim to the eggs
FERNS
• Stems of most ferns grow underground
• Fronds• Fern leaves, divided into many
smaller parts that look like small leaves
• The cuticle is found on the upper surface of each frond, helps retain plant water
• Tiny spore cases are found on the underside of the fronds
HORSETAILS
• Seedless, vascular plant
• Stems are jointed
• Long, coarse, needle-like branches
• Resemble a horse’s tail
• Silica• Stem contains a gritty
substance also found in sand
CLUB MOSSES
• Seedless, vascular plant
• Not to be confused with moss
• Grow in moist woodlands and near streams