Chapter 8 Review

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfVNnk8FHcU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg_UBLFUpYQ

Section 8.1 pages 172- 175

Wegener’sContinental

Drift

Hypothesis

Plate

Tectonics

Theory

Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces.

2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa.

3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features

4. similar climate changes.

5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin)

Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time.

His hypothesis is was REJECTED. He couldn’t adequately explain HOW the continents had moved.

Includes Plates (Ocean and Continents)

Proposes Forces to explain how the continents move!

Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces.

2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa.

3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features

4. similar climate changes.

5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin)

Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time.

Chapter 8: What are the 7 major plates? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg_UBLFUpYQ

• How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics differ from the Continental Drift Hypothesis?

Ridge PushMagma rises (less dense)pushes up cools and

solidifies. It exerts a force on the surrounding rock pushing it apart.

More of a gravitationalsliding than a trueridge push

At what BOUNDARY TYPE does this occur?

Slab Pull

The force GRAVITY on the the sinking

edge of an oceanic

plate pulls the rest

of the plate into the

asthenosphere.

Forms a trench.Ocean floor is dragged into the mantle, melted and destroyed

Mantle Convection

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_convection2.html

Review Time!

• You and a partner will being working on some questions together!

• Grab a whiteboard, marker, eraser and your notes!

1. Which theory best explains sea-floor spreading?

2. Which best explains convergent boundaries?

3. Which explains both convergent and divergent boundaries?

4. Which is the weakest of the models at explaining plate movement?

5. Which idea(s) does this video clip support? Why?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncut0iTnOgI

Review of Theories for why Plates Move.

Use the below terms to help you answer the questions:

Ridge pushSlab pull

Mantle convection

Challenge 11. What 3 types of plate boundaries can be found?

2. What 3 ways do Lithosphere plates move on the mantle at those boundaries?

The plate edges (boundaries) are being

_________toward,

__________away or

__________past each other.

convergent

divergenttransform

pushed

pulled

slide

Which boundary causes earthquakes. Volcanoes or mountains??

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=08

Challenge 2Match the type of plate movement with the feature that it produces (some will have more than one answer):

1. Divergent a. Himalayan Mts.

2. Transform b. California earthquakes

3. Convergent c. Red Sea

d. Volcanic Islands

e. Mid-Atlantic Ridge

f. Deep Sea Trench

San Andreas Fault in California is an example of this type of plate boundary.

• A. convergent• B. divergent• C. transform

Transform (sliding)

Challenge 31. Where is new ocean floor being created?

2. Where is ocean floor being destroyed (recycled)?

3. Where is new land being added to continents?

a. Abyssal plainb. Trenchesc. Continental sloped. Mid-ocean ridges

d. ridges

b. trenches

c. Continental slope

Challenge 4: Match that ocean feature!

1. Under sea volcanoes.

2. Flattest part of the ocean.

3. Deepest places in the ocean.

4. Shallow water at edge of a continent.

5. Margin where earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

6. Where the magma pushes up.

7. 43,000 miles long!

8. Where the continent ends.

a. Active margin

b. Passive margin

c. Ridge

d. Rift valley

e. Trench

f. Seamount

g. Abyssal plain

h. Continental rise

i. Continental shelf

j. Continental slope

5

7

6

3

1

2

4

8

Oceanic Crust is the same as the continental crust: it has

mountains, canyons, hills, valleys ridges, plains …

Where does the continent stop and the ocean floor begin??

The continental shelf and continental slope are attached to the continent,

Where as the sediments of the continental rise sits on the ocean floor.

1. What kind of boundary is this?

2. Name the feature at point D.3. Name the feature at point C

4. Is this an active or passive continental margin?

Convergent O-C

Trench

Continental slope

Active

Challenge 5

Final Challenge!

1. Name this landform.

2. What ocean hasn’t formed yet?

3. When did that ocean form?

Pangaea

Atlantic Ocean

180 Million Years ago

Maps!

• Grab your maps and finish anything that you need to (all questions on right and coloring must be done before testing tomorrow!)

5. The earth’s crust is thinnest in the __________.

6.Magma pushes up from the rift valley forming ___________ rock.

7. This process continues at a rate of 2-10 cm/yr. and causes _____- ________ ____________.

8. This is occurring in the _____________ and on land such as the continent of ___________ where the Red Sea is forming.

9. At active margins where trenches form, the ____, cold ocean crust is being forced under the ______________ into the _________ where it is being melted and recycled.

7. Name this boundary

8. What is being formed on the continent?Convergent: O-C

Volcanic

Mountain

Chain

Name two pieces of evidence that Wegener used for his theory of Continental drift.

1.

2.

Shape of continents

Fossils

Rocks

Mountain ranges

Similar minerals

Plant species

Where are most of the earth’s earthquakes and volcanoes located?

3. What is it called?

4. Where is it located?

+Ring of Fire

Around the Pacific ocean plate

5. Earth’s polarity shows reversals throughout time at this location.

6. What type of boundary is this?Mid-ocean ridge

divergent

• Name the three theories to explain plate movement:

10. R _______ __________

11. S _______ __________

12. M________ __________

13. Which theory is most accepted?

Ridge push

Slab pull

Mantle Convection

14

14. The Aleutian Islands in Alaska were formed by the ________ boundary of what two plates? (use page 712)

Pacific Plate

North American Plate

17. That Atlantic Ocean began forming about how many years ago?

A. 20 million

B. 50 million

C. 180 million

D. 280 million

23. Name this sea-floor structure.

Mid- Atlantic ridge

As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get…

Hotter or colder?Younger or older?More or less dense?

• As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get…

18. Hotter or colder?

19. Younger or older?

20. More or less dense?

24. What type of

plate boundary created the Himalayan Mountains?

Convergent

Collision

C-C

• Name two process that have contributed to the growth of continents.

25.

26.

Sea floor sediment

Igneous rock

River sediment

terranes

29. Name this ocean basin rock:

basalt

• 30. Is this rock igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic?

igneous