Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic...

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Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

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Transcript of Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic...

Page 1: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Chapter 8

Photosynthesis

Page 2: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Trophic RolesAutotrophs

produce organic molecules from CO2 & inorganic raw materials “producers” plants

Heterotrophs “consumers”

Page 3: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Chloroplast StructureFound in

mesophyll 1 mesophyll cell

may have 30 chloroplasts

Stomata regulate passage of CO2, O2 and H2O

Page 4: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Chloroplast Structure

Page 5: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Chloroplast Structure (cont.) Pigments light receptors

Absorb light energy Boost e-

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll “a” main

pigment blue-green Chlorophyll “b” accessory

pigment yellow-green Accessory pigments

absorb different wavelengths of light Carotenoids yellow-

orange

Page 6: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Photosystems Pigment molecules absorb energy boost electrons unstable

Passes energy to reaction center of antenna complex (chlorophyll “a” molecule) transfers energy to primary electron acceptor

Page 7: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Photosynthesis Light reactions Cyclic

photophosphorylation Non-cyclic

photophosphorylation Photolysis (breaking

water up with light)

Dark reactionsCalvin Cycle

Page 8: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Photosystems (cont.) Located in thylakoid

membrane Photosystem I

P700 absorbs light of 700 nm

Photosystem II P680 absorbs light of 680 nm

Both are primarily chlorophyll “a”

Electron acceptor NADP+ NADPH

Page 9: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

Page 10: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 11: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 12: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 13: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 14: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 15: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

LIGHTREACTOR

NADP+

ADP

ATP

NADPH

CALVINCYCLE

[CH2O] (sugar)STROMA(Low H+ concentration)

Photosystem II

LIGHT

H2O CO2

Cytochromecomplex

O2

H2OO2

1

1⁄2

2

Photosystem I

Light

THYLAKOID SPACE(High H+ concentration)

STROMA(Low H+ concentration)

Thylakoidmembrane

ATPsynthase

PqPc

Fd

NADP+

reductase

NADPH + H+

NADP+ + 2H+

ToCalvincycle

ADP

P

ATP

3

H+

2 H++2 H+

2 H+

Page 16: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Cyclic PhotophosphorylationPrimitive used by

bacteria only generates energy--no glucose

Electron “boosted” out of PI ETC returned to PI

Electron drives proton pump chemiosmosis ATP

Page 17: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Calvin Cycleaka Dark Reactions

Occur in the dark or the lightLight independent reactions3 “steps”

Carbon fixationReductionRegeneration of RuBP

Page 18: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Step 1:Carbon Fixation RuBP (ribulose

bisphosphate) 5 C sugar catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) unstable compound (splits) PGA

Page 19: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Step 2:Reduction Phosphorylated

by ATPReduced by

NADPHProduces

pyruvatesome pyruvate

glucosemost pyruvate

regenerate RuBP

Page 20: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Step 3:Regeneration of RuBP

Pyruvate rearranged into RuBP

Requires input of 3 ATP

Takes 12 turns of cycle 1 glucose

Page 21: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.html

Page 22: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Alternative mechanisms:Photorespiration

Competitive reaction between RuBP, CO2 and O2

Rubisco substitutes O2 for CO2 2 C compound (phosphoglycerate)

Eventually broken down releases CO2

Non-productive

C3 plants rice, wheat, soybeans (hot, bright days)

Photo (light) respiration( releases CO2/consumes O2)

Page 23: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 24: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Alternative mechanisms:C4 Plants Sunny

ecosystems Carbon “fixed”

outside cells (in bundle sheath cells very efficient requires extra ATP Balances out photorespiration

Corn is a C4 plant

Page 25: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.

Alternative mechanisms:CAM Plants Crassulacean acid

metabolism Hot/dry climates

Orchids, cacti, etc.

Stomates open at night to reduce water loss evaporation

CO2 is fixed, used later

Page 26: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 27: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
Page 28: Chapter 8 Photosynthesis. Trophic Roles Autotrophs produce organic molecules from CO 2 & inorganic raw materials producers plants Heterotrophs consumers.
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ECOLOGY. TROPHIC CATEGORIES Producers –organic vs. inorganic –autotrophs vs. heterotrophs Consumers –predators –parasites –pathogens Detritus Feeders.

ECOLOGY. TROPHIC CATEGORIES Producers –organic vs. inorganic –autotrophs vs. heterotrophs Consumers –predators –parasites –pathogens Detritus Feeders.

Photosynthesis. Energy Autotrophs Use energy from sun to make their own food Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food, so they eat autotrophs or other.

Photosynthesis. Energy Autotrophs Use energy from sun to make their own food Heterotrophs Cannot make their own food, so they eat autotrophs or other.

Energy enters an ecosystem through the autotrophs Autotrophs then pass the energy on to the different levels of heterotrophs (consumers) through ingestion.

Energy enters an ecosystem through the autotrophs Autotrophs then pass the energy on to the different levels of heterotrophs (consumers) through ingestion.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT TO MAKE FOOD. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD HETEROTROPHS VS AUTOTROPHS? AUTOTROPHS (A.K.A ?) – DEFINITION?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT TO MAKE FOOD. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: USING LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD HETEROTROPHS VS AUTOTROPHS? AUTOTROPHS (A.K.A ?) – DEFINITION?

Nanoflagellates (mixotrophs, heterotrophs and autotrophs ...

Nanoflagellates (mixotrophs, heterotrophs and autotrophs ...

Environment and EnergyEnvironment and Energy. Vocabulary Biotic Abiotic Ecosystem Consumer Producer Decomposer Autotrophs Heterotrophs Biomagnification.

Environment and EnergyEnvironment and Energy. Vocabulary Biotic Abiotic Ecosystem Consumer Producer Decomposer Autotrophs Heterotrophs Biomagnification.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. 8-1: Energy & Life What is energy? The ability to do work. What is the difference between autotrophs & heterotrophs? Autotrophs.

Mrs. Lambert’s class. Biogeochemical Cycles Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Food Chains/Webs Trophic Levels 10% Energy.

Mrs. Lambert’s class. Biogeochemical Cycles Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Food Chains/Webs Trophic Levels 10% Energy.

Objective: You will be able to write the equation of photosynthesis. Do Now: Read “Autotrophs and heterotrophs” on p. 201 Differentiate between autotrophs.

Objective: You will be able to write the equation of photosynthesis. Do Now: Read “Autotrophs and heterotrophs” on p. 201 Differentiate between autotrophs.

Chapter 6 Photosynthesis 6.1 Autotrophs- make their own energy Heterotrophs – have to consume energy.

Chapter 6 Photosynthesis 6.1 Autotrophs- make their own energy Heterotrophs – have to consume energy.

Most diverse group Eukaryotic cells Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs Unicellular and multicellular.

Most diverse group Eukaryotic cells Some autotrophs, some heterotrophs Unicellular and multicellular.

Energy Flow through a Food Chain. ENERGY FLOW Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs 20Notes%20E%20Photosynthesis.htm.

Energy Flow through a Food Chain. ENERGY FLOW Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs 20Notes%20E%20Photosynthesis.htm.

Chapter 6 Energy and Nutrient Relations Trophic types of organisms Autotrophs: photosynthetic chemosynthetic Heterotrophs: organisms live on organic.

Chapter 6 Energy and Nutrient Relations Trophic types of organisms Autotrophs: photosynthetic chemosynthetic Heterotrophs: organisms live on organic.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Photosynthesis Chapter 8. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs: Plants and some other types of organisms that use light energy from SUNLIGHT to.

Photosynthesis. Energy & Life Energy, energy, ENERGY! Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs.

Photosynthesis. Energy & Life Energy, energy, ENERGY! Autotrophs vs. heterotrophs.

Today’s Schedule Study hall: Rooms 214, 115. 1. Explain how autotrophs/producers are different from heterotrophs/consumers. Give examples of each. Autotrophs/producers.

Today’s Schedule Study hall: Rooms 214, 115. 1. Explain how autotrophs/producers are different from heterotrophs/consumers. Give examples of each. Autotrophs/producers.

Cell Respiration. Consumers/ Heterotrophs Autotrophs use sunlight to make ATP and Glucose Heterotrophs – get glucose from eating other organisms and using.

Cell Respiration. Consumers/ Heterotrophs Autotrophs use sunlight to make ATP and Glucose Heterotrophs – get glucose from eating other organisms and using.

Principles of Ecology. Types of Organisms: REVIEW! Autotrophs (Producers) –Photoautotrophs –Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs (Consumers) –Herbivores –Carnivores.

Principles of Ecology. Types of Organisms: REVIEW! Autotrophs (Producers) –Photoautotrophs –Chemoautotrophs Heterotrophs (Consumers) –Herbivores –Carnivores.

Introduction to Ecology Part II. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs What is a producer – Autotrophs like plants, protists, and bacteria that make their own food.

Introduction to Ecology Part II. Autotrophs vs Heterotrophs What is a producer – Autotrophs like plants, protists, and bacteria that make their own food.

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. They obtain everything they need by using.

Chapter 10 Photosynthesis. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. They obtain everything they need by using.