Molecular Phylogenetics of the Siphonophora (Cnidaria), with ...
Chapter 8 Molecular Phylogenetics: Measuring Evolution.
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Transcript of Chapter 8 Molecular Phylogenetics: Measuring Evolution.
Figure 8.1: The Tree of Life shows relationships among major groups of organisms
Courtesy of Andrew J. Roger, Alastair B. Simpson, and Mitchell L. Sogin
Figure 8.2: Sequence alignments can provide clues to evolutionary change by examining the effect of mutations occurring over time in species with a
common ancestor
Figure 8.3: An example of a phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationships among four modern species
Figure 8.4: Alignment of a portion of the casein gene from whales and related organisms, and a phylogenetic tree based on the differences among
these genes
Figure 8.7: Relative substitution rates for different regions of a chromosome, showing that functional constraints reduce the likelihood that
mutations will be preserved
Figure 8.13: Three different linkage methods that could be used to compute the distance between two clusters
Figure 8.14: A partial phylogenetic tree after merging clusters A and B and calculating branch lengths
Figure 8.15: A partial phylogenetic tree after merging clusters (AB) with C and calculating branch lengths
Figure 8.16: A partial phylogenetic tree after merging clusters (ABC) with D and calculating branch lengths