Chapter 8: Creating a Nation

The Bill of Rights (Dec 10, 1791)

1. Freedom of speech2. Right to bear arms3. Protection from quartering4. Unreasonable

search/seizure5. Due process6. Rights of the accused7. Trial by jury8. Unusual punishment9. Protection of non-BOR rights10. Power of states/people

The People DivideJeffersonian RepublicansFederalistsAlexander Hamilton (Treasury)

Domestic manufacturesGovernment / Entrepreneur allianceConservative distrust of the masses“1st Report on Public Credit”

Funding war debt (govt. bonds) – DEBATE!

Assumption of war debt – DEBATE!DEAL – Southern capital

Pennsylvania Abolition SocietyCongress had “no authority to

interfere”

The People DivideHamilton

introduces BANKOpposition from

SouthJefferson

UnconstitutionalPro-NorthImplied powers?

“2nd Report on Public Credit”Whiskey tax

Jay’s Controversial Treaty (1795)Britain promises w/d western

fortsBritain promises US access to

WIComplaints!

South = lost slave compensationWest = Brits didn’t actually

evacuateMerchant/Sailor = impressment

Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)Thomas PinckneyMississippi River

boundary/navigation

The Election of 1796Discord in Washington’s cabinet

Jefferson and MadisonWashington’s farewell

Political divisions, entangling alliancesAdams (Federalist)

National governmentAnti-French (excessive democracy)

Jefferson (Jeffersonian Republican)Strict constitutionalistStates’ rights

Results: Adams (71); Adams (68)

The War Crisis with FranceFrench obstruction in

CaribbeanNegotiations

Agents X, Y, ZLoan / bribe

Federalists urge warWar preparationsRepeal of treaty of

1778Adams’ ambiguitiesAdams chooses peace

Controversial

The Alien and Sedition ActsNaturalization Act (1798)

Residence: 5 to 14 yearsAlien Act (1798)

Presidential expulsion of aliens

Alien Enemies Act (1798)Arrest, imprison, banish w/o

processSedition Act (1798)Timothy Pickering (S of S)

Launched investigations (witch hunt)

The Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsKentucky Resolution

Fed violation of Bill of Rights

“Nullification”Virginia Resolution

Madison“Duty bound to

interpose for arresting the progress of evil”

Civil war?

The “Revolution of 1800”“Republicanism or

aristocracy”Federalists: AdamsJeffersonians: Jefferson &

Aaron BurrResults

Jefferson (73), Burr (73)36 ballots to decide winner12th AmendmentJeffersonians’ in congressRegionalism“Peaceful transition of

government”

The Jeffersonians Take ControlWashington, D.C. (Nov 1800)Pierre L’Enfant & Benjamin

BannekerJefferson’s inauguration

“Equal and exact justice to all”Support of the statesMajority ruleCivil supremacy (over military)Reduction of govt. expendituresFreedom of pressHabeas corpus

The Jeffersonian VisionIndependent,

yeoman farmerSelf-reliantIndustriousPublic

consciousnessContradictions?

Industry = wealthWealth = inequalitySolution =

territorial expansion

The Windfall Louisiana Purchase (1803)Livingston & MonroeNapoleon$15 million830,000 miles2

ControversyAdams-Onís Treaty

(1819)Spain ceded East

FloridaLewis & Clark

1803-1805Zebulon Pike