Chapter 7 Kieso Terjemahan Ppt

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B A B 7B A B 7

KAS DAN PIUTANGKAS DAN PIUTANG

Intermediate AccountingIFRS Edition

Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield

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1.1. Mengidentifikasi kasMengidentifikasi kas..

2.2. Menunjukkan cara melaporkan kas dan item terkaitMenunjukkan cara melaporkan kas dan item terkait.

3.3. Mendefinisikan piutang dan mengidentifikasi jenis piutang.Mendefinisikan piutang dan mengidentifikasi jenis piutang.

4.4. Menjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan pengakuan piutangMenjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan pengakuan piutang.

5.5. Menjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan penilaian piutangMenjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan penilaian piutang.

6.6. Menjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi terkait dengan pengakuan wesel tagih.Menjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi terkait dengan pengakuan wesel tagih.

7.7. Menjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan penilaian wesel tagihMenjelaskan isu-isu akuntansi yang berkaitan dengan penilaian wesel tagih.

8.8. Memahami Informasi khusus yang berkaitan dengan piutangMemahami Informasi khusus yang berkaitan dengan piutang.

9.9. Menjelaskan bagaimana melaporkan dan menganalisa piutangMenjelaskan bagaimana melaporkan dan menganalisa piutang.

Tujuan PembelajaranTujuan Pembelajaran

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Pengakuan

Penilaian

Proses evaluasi kerugian

KasKas PiutangPiutang Piutang WeselPiutang Wesel Masalah KhususMasalah Khusus

Apa itu Kas?

Pelaporan kas

Ringkasan pos-pos terkait kas

Pengakuan

Penilaian

Opsi nilai wajar

Penghentian pengakuan atas piutang

Penyajian dan analisis

Cash and ReceivablesCash and Receivables

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Sebuah aset—merupakan suatu instrumen keuangan.

Instrumen keuangan - Setiap kontrak yang menimbulkan aset keuangan dari satu entitas dan kewajiban keuangan atau kepentingan ekuitas entitas lain.

CashCash

LO 1 Identify items considered cash.LO 1 Identify items considered cash.

What is cash?

Illustration 7-1 Types of Assets

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► Aset yang paling likuid, tergolong aset lancar

► Alat pembayaran.

► Dasar untuk mengukur dan sebagai laporan bagi seluruh pos lainnya.

CashCash

LO 1 Identify items considered cash.LO 1 Identify items considered cash.

What is cash?

Examples: mata uang, dana yang tersedia pada deposito di bank, money order, cek bersertifikat, cek kontan, cek pribadi, bank draft dan tabungan.

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Investasi jangka pendek (≤ 3 bulan), investasi yang sangat likuid

CashCash

LO 2 Indicate how to report cash and related items.LO 2 Indicate how to report cash and related items.

Reporting Cash

(a) dapat segera dikonversikan menjadi kas, dan

(b) So near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in interest rates.

Examples: Treasury bills, commercial paper, dan reksa dana pasar uang.

Cash equivalent

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When material in amount:

Dipisahkan dari rekening kas

Aktiva lancar dan aktiva tidak lancar

CashCash


Restrictied cash

Examples, dibatasi untuk: (1) perluasan pabrik, (2) masa jatuh tempo dari utang jangka panjang, dan (3) saldo kompensasi.

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Ketika sebuah perusahaan menulis cek melebihi jumlah kas yang ada di rekening bank.

CashCash


Bank Overdrafts

Umumnya dilaporkan sebagai kewajiban lancar (utang usaha)

Dikompensasikan ke rekening kas hanya ketika kas yang tersedia hadir dalam account lain di bank yang sama di mana pinjaman rekening koran (overdrafts) terjadi.

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CashCash

LO 2LO 2

Illustration 7-3Summary of Cash-Related Items

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Accounts ReceivableAccounts Receivable

LO 3 Define receivables and identify the different types of receivables.LO 3 Define receivables and identify the different types of receivables.

Perjanjian tertulis dari pembeli/pelanggan untuk membayar sejumlah uang pada tanggal tertentu di

masa depan

Piutang adalah klaim kepada pihak lain atas uang, barang atau jasa

Perjanjian secara lisan dari pembeli/pelanggan untuk membayar barang

atau jasa yang dijual

PiutangPiutang Piutang WeselPiutang Wesel

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Piutang non-usaha1. Uang Muka kepada petugas dan karyawan.2. Uang muka kepada anak perusahaan.3. Deposit untuk menutupi kerusakan atau kerugian potensial.4. Deposito sebagai jaminan kinerja atau pembayaran.5. Dividen dan piutang bunga.6. Klaim atas:

a) Perusahaan asuransi.b) Defendants under suit.c) Badan pemerintah atas pengembalian pajak.d) Jasa angkutan atas barang yang rusak atau hilang.e) Kreditor atas pengembalian barang, barang yang rusak dan hilang.f) Pelanggan atas barang-barang yang dikembalikan.



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Non-trade Receivables



Illustration 7-4Receivables Statementof Financial PositionPresentations

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LO 4 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of accounts receivable.LO 4 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of accounts receivable.

Trade diskonTrade diskonMengurangi harga

Tidak diakui dalam catatan akuntansi

Pelanggan ditagih sebesar harga jual setelah dikurangi diskon

10 % Discount for new Retail Store

Customers

Pengakuan Piutang

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Cash DiscountsCash Discounts(Sales Discounts)(Sales Discounts)

Sebagai insentif untuk Sebagai insentif untuk segera dibayarsegera dibayar

Gross Method vs. Net Gross Method vs. Net MethodMethod

Payment terms are 2/10, n/30

Pengakuan Piutang

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Sales

1,960

Accounts receivable 1,960June 3



Cash (£2,000 x 98%) 1,960

Accounts receivable 1,960

June 12

E7-5:E7-5: On June 3, Bolton Company sold to Arquette Company merchandise having a sale price of £2,000 with terms of 2/10, n/60, f.o.b. shipping point. On June 12, the company received a check for the balance due from Arquette Company. Prepare the journal entries on Bolton Company books to record the sale assuming Bolton records sales using the net method.

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E7-5:E7-5: On June 3, Bolton Company sold to Arquette Company merchandise having a sale price of £2,000 with terms of 2/10, n/60, f.o.b. shipping point. Prepare the journal entries on Bolton Company books to record the sale assuming Bolton records sales using the gross method, and Arquette did not remit payment until July 29.

Sales

1,960

Accounts receivable 1,960June 3



Cash 2,000

Accounts receivable 1,960

Sales discounts forfeited 40

June 12

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Sebuah perusahaan harus mengukur piutangnya dengan nilai saat ini (present value).

Non-Recognition of Interest Element



In practice, perusahaan mengabaikan pendapatan bunga yang terkait dengan piutang karena tidak material.

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How are these accounts presented on the Statement of How are these accounts presented on the Statement of Financial Position?Financial Position?

Account ReceivableAllowance for doubtful

acoounts Beg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 500 25 End.



7-20 LO 4 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of accounts receivable.LO 4 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of accounts receivable.

Current Assets:Merchandise inventory 812$ Prepaid expense 40 Accounts receivable 500 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (25) 475 Cash 330

Total current assets 1,657

Statement of Financial Position (partial)ABC Corporation



Current Assets:Merchandise inventory 812$ Prepaid expense 40 Accounts receivable, net of $25 allowance 475 Cash 330




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Journal entry for credit sale of $100?Journal entry for credit sale of $100?Accounts receivableAccounts receivable 100100

SalesSales 100 100

Accounts ReceivableAllowance for

Doubtful AccountsBeg. 500 25 Beg.

End. 500 25 End.



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End. 600 25 End.

Sale 100



Journal entry for credit sale of $100?Journal entry for credit sale of $100?Accounts receivableAccounts receivable 100100

SalesSales 100 100

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Collected of $333 on account?Collected of $333 on account?CashCash 333333

Accounts receivableAccounts receivable 333333



End. 600 25 End.

Sale 100



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Collected of $333 on account?Collected of $333 on account?CashCash 333333




End. 267 25 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.



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Adjustment of $15 for estimated Bad-Debts?Adjustment of $15 for estimated Bad-Debts? Bad debt expenseBad debt expense 1515

Allowance for Doubtful AccountsAllowance for Doubtful Accounts 1515



End. 267 25 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.



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Adjustment of $15 for estimated Bad-Debts?Adjustment of $15 for estimated Bad-Debts?Bad debt expenseBad debt expense 1515

Allowance for Doubtful AccountsAllowance for Doubtful Accounts 1515



End. 267 40 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

15 Est.



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Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10?Allowance for Doubtful accountsAllowance for Doubtful accounts 1010




End. 267 40 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

15 Est.



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Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10? Write-off of uncollectible accounts for $10? Allowance for Doubtful accountsAllowance for Doubtful accounts 1010




End. 257 30 End.

Sale 100 333 Coll.

15 Est. W/O 10 10 W/O




Current Assets:Merchandise inventory 812$ Prepaid expense 40 Accounts receivable, net of $30 allowance 227 Cash 330




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LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.

Penilaian Piutang

Klasifikasi

Net realizable value

Piutang tak tertagih

Penjualan kredit meningkatkan piutang tak tertagih

7-32 LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.

Valuation of Accounts ReceivableValuation of Accounts Receivable

Piutang tak tertagih adalah hilangnya potensi pendapatan,

Penurunan aset piutang and

penurunan terkait dengan pendapatan dan ekuitas.

Piutang tak tertagih

7-33 LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.LO 5 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of accounts receivable.

PenyisihanPenyisihanMenggunakan estimasi:

Persentase dari penjualan

Persentasi dari piutang

Dianjurkan oleh IFRS

Metode Akuntansi Piutang Tak Tertagih

Penghapusan LangsungPenghapusan LangsungSecara teoritis tidak diinginkan:

Tidak cocok

Piutang tidak dinyatakan pada nilai realisasi kas

Tidak dapat diterima untuk pelaporan keuangan

Valuation of Accounts ReceivableValuation of Accounts Receivable

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Uncollectible Accounts ReceivableUncollectible Accounts Receivable


Emphasis on the Income Statement

Emphasis on the Statement of Financial

Position

Illustration 7-7

7-35



Pendekatan Percentage-of-Sales

Persentase berdasarkan pengalaman masa lalu..

Biaya piutang tak tertagih berhubungan dengan akun penjualan.

Saldo yang ada pada rekening penyisihan tidak dianggap.

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LO 5LO 5

Illustration: Gonzalez Company estimates from past experience that about 1% of credit sales become uncollectible. If net credit sales are $800,000 in 2011, it records bad debt expense as follows.

Bad Debt Expense 8,000Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

8,000

Percentage-of-Sales Approach

Illustration 7-8

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Pendekatan Percentage-of-ReceivablesPiutang dilaporkan sebesar nilai kas yang dapat terealisasi.

Companies may apply this method using

► Composite rate, or

► Aging schedule.

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Bad Debt Expense 37,650Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

37,650

What entry would Wilson

make assuming that no balanceexisted in the

allowance account?

Illustration 7-9Accounts Receivable Aging Schedule

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Bad Debt Expense ($37,650 – $800) 36,850Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

36,850

What entry would Wilson

make assuming the allowance account had a credit balance of $800 before adjustment?

Illustration 7-9Accounts Receivable Aging Schedule

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Recovery of Uncollectible AccountsRecovery of Uncollectible Accounts

LO 5LO 5

Illustration: Assume that the financial vice president of Brown Furniture authorizes a write-off of the $1,000 balance owed by Randall Co. on March 1, 2012. The entry to record the write-off is:

Bad Debt Expense 1,000

Accounts Receivable1,000

Assume that on July 1, Randall Co. pays the $1,000 amount that Brown had written off on March 1. These are the entries:

Accounts Receivable 1,000Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

1,000

Cash 1,000Accounts Receivable

1,000

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Proses Evaluasi PenurunanPerusahaan menilai penurunan terhadap piutang di setiap periode pelaporan. Peristiwa yang memungkinkan terjadinya penurunan antara lain:

1. Masalah keuangan yang signifikan dari pelanggan.

2. Kegagalan pembayaran.

3. Negosiasi ulang persyaratan piutang karena kesulitan keuangan pelanggan.

4. Penurunan estimasi arus kas masa depan dari kelompok piutang sejak pengakuan awal, meskipun penurunannya belum dapat diidentifikasi dengan aset dalam kelompok perusahaan tersebut.

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LO 5LO 5

Illustration: Hector Company has the following receivables classified into individually significant and all other receivables.

Hector determines that Yaan’s receivable is impaired by $15,000, and Blanchard’s receivable is totally impaired. Both Randon’s and Fernando’s receivables are not considered impaired. Hector also determines that a composite rate of 2% is appropriate to measure impairment on all other receivables.

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The total impairment is computed as follows.Illustration 7-10


7-44

Didukung oleh promissory note

Notes ReceivableNotes Receivable

LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.

Instrumen yang dapat dinegosiasikan.

Ditandatangani oleh pembuat (maker).

Diklasifikasikan menjadi:

Interest bearing notes

Zero interest bearing notes

7-45

Illustration: Jeremiah Company receives a three-year, $10,000 zero-interest-bearing note. The market rate of interest for a note of similar risk is 9 percent. How does Jeremiah record the receipt of the note?

Zero-Interest-Bearing NoteZero-Interest-Bearing Note


0 1 3 3

$0 $0 Interest$0

$10,000 Principal

4

i = 9%

n = 3

7-46

$10,000 x .77218 = $7,721.80Principal Factor Present Value


PV of Principal


7-47 LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.


Illustration 7-14

7-48

Journal Entries for Zero-Interest-Bearing note

Present value of Principal $7,721.80

Date Account Title Debit CreditJ an. yr. 1 Notes receivable 7,721.80

Cash 7,721.80

Dec. yr. 1 Notes receivable 694.96 I nterest revenue 694.96

($7,721.80 x 9%)



7-49

Illustration: Morgan Corp. makes a loan to Marie Co. and receives in exchange a three-year, $10,000 note bearing interest at 10 percent annually. The market rate of interest for a note of similar risk is 12 percent. How does Morgan record the receipt of the note?

Interest-Bearing NoteInterest-Bearing Note


0 1 2 3

$1,000 $1,000 Interest$1,000

$10,000 Principal

4

i = 12%

n = 3

7-50

$1,000 x 2.40183 = $2,402Interest Received Factor Present Value


PV of Interest


7-51

$10,000 x .71178 = $7,118Principal Factor Present Value


PV of Principal


7-52

Illustration: How does Morgan record the receipt of the note?



Illustration 7-13

Notes Receivable 9,520Cash

9,520

7-53

Illustration 7-14



7-54

Journal Entries for Interest-Bearing Note

Date Account Title Debit CreditBeg. yr. 1 Notes receivable 9,520

Cash 9,520

End. yr. 1

($9,520 x 12%)



Cash 1,000Notes receivable 142

Interest revenue1,142

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Umumnya berasal dari:

Pelanggan yang perlu untuk memperpanjang jangka waktu pembayaran atas piutang yang beredar.

Beresiko tinggi atau pelanggan baru.

Pinjaman untuk karyawan dan anak perusahaan.

Penjualan properti, pabrik dan peralatan.

Mayoritas berasal dari transaksi peminjaman

7-56 LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.LO 6 Explain accounting issues related to recognition of notes receivable.

Pengakuan Piutang WeselPengakuan Piutang Wesel

Jangka Pendek Jangka PanjangDicatat

Nilai Nominal,Dikurangi

penyisihan

DicatatNilai sekarangDari kas yang

diperkirakan akan tertagih

Suku Bunga

Ditetapkan = Pasar

Ditetapkan > Pasar

Ditetapkan < Pasar

Dijual pada:

Nilai Nominal

Premium

Discount

7-57


LO 7 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of notes receivable.LO 7 Explain accounting issues related to valuation of notes receivable.

Jangka Pendek dicatat dan dilaporkan pada nilai realisasi bersihnya, yaitu pada jumlah nominalnya dikurangi semua penyisihan yang diperlukan.

Jangka Panjang tes penurunan nilai sering dilakukan secara penilaian individu. Rugi penurunan nilai diukur sebagai selisih antara nilai tercatat piutang dan nilai sekarang dari estimasi arus kas masa depan yang didiskontokan pada tingkat bunga efektif awal.

Penilaian Piutang Wesel

7-58



Illustration: Tesco Inc. has a note receivable with a carrying amount of $200,000. The debtor, Morganese Company, has indicated that it is experiencing financial difficulty. Tesco decides that Morganese’s note receivable is therefore impaired. Tesco computes the present value of the future cash flows discounted at its original effective-interest rate to be $175,000. The computation of the loss on impairment is as follows.

7-59



The entry to record the impairment loss is as follows.

The computation of the loss on impairment is as follows.

Bad Debt Expense 25,000

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 25,000

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Special IssuedSpecial Issued

Terdapat 3 (tiga) isu khusus terkait Terdapat 3 (tiga) isu khusus terkait

akuntansi dan pelaporan piutang, akuntansi dan pelaporan piutang,

yaitu:yaitu:

1. Fair Value Option;1. Fair Value Option;

2. Derecognition of receivables;2. Derecognition of receivables;

3. Presentation and analysis.3. Presentation and analysis.

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LO 8 LO 8 Understand special topics related to receivables. Understand special topics related to receivables.

Fair Value OptionPerusahaan memiliki pilihan untuk mencatat nilai wajar dalam rekening mereka untuk sebagian besar aset dan kewajiban, termasuk piutang. [6]

The IASB percaya bahwa pengukuran nilai wajar untuk instrumen keuangan memberikan informasi yang lebih relevan dan mudah dipahami daripada biaya historis karena mencerminkan arus nilai setara kas dari instrumen keuangan.

[6] International Accounting Standard 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (London, U.K.: International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation, 2003), paras. IN16 and 9.

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Pengukuran Nilai Wajar

► Piutang dicatat berdasarkan nilai wajar.

► Keuntungan atau kerugian yang belum direalisasi dilaporkan sebagai bagian dari laba bersih.

► Jika perusahaan memilih nilai wajar untuk piutangnya, maka pilihan tersebut harus terus digunakan sampai perusahaan tidak memiliki piutang.

7-63

Special Issues Related To ReceivablesSpecial Issues Related To Receivables

Illustration (Recording Fair Value Option): Assume that Escobar Company has notes receivable that have a fair value of $810,000 and a carrying amount of $620,000. Escobar decides on December 31, 2011, to use the fair value option for these receivables. This is the first valuation of these recently acquired receivables. At December 31, 2011, Escobar makes an adjusting entry to record the increase in value of Notes Receivable and to record the unrealized holding gain, as follows.

Notes Receivable 190,000

Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss—Income 190,000


7-64 LO 8 LO 8 Understand special topics related to receivables. Understand special topics related to receivables.

Perusahaan dapat mengalihkan (misalnya, menjual) piutang kepada perusahaan lain untuk memperoleh kas.

Alasan-alasannya:

Kompetisi.

Menjual piutang karena kekurangan kas.

Penagihan yang memakan waktu dan biaya yang mahal.

Transfer dilakukan dengan:

1. Pinjaman yang dijaminkan

2. Penjualan piutang


Derecognition of receivables

7-65

Factor merupakan perusahaan keuangan atau bank yang membeli piutang dari perusahaan untuk mendapatkan fee.

Penjualan PiutangPenjualan Piutang

Illustration 7-19


7-66

Sales of ReceivablesSales of Receivables

Illustration: Crest Textiles, Inc. factors €500,000 of accounts receivable with Commercial Factors, Inc., on a non-guarantee (or without recourse) basis. Commercial Factors assesses a finance charge of 3 percent of the amount of accounts receivable and retains an amount equal to 5 percent of the accounts receivable (for probable adjustments). Crest Textiles and Commercial Factors make the following journal entries for the receivables transferred without recourse.

Illustration 7-20


7-67

Penjualan PiutangPenjualan Piutang


Assume Crest Textiles sold the receivables on a with guarantee basis.

Illustration 7-21

7-68

Presentation:

1. Mengidentifikasi dalam laporan posisi keuangan atau dalam

catatan setiap jenis utama piutang.

2. Melaporkan piutang jangka pendek di aset lancar.

3. Melaporkan nilai bruto piutang dan penyisihan piutang tak

tertagih.

4. Melaporkan beban piutang tak tertagih dan beban imbalan jasa

sebagai beban penjualan.

5. Melaporkan pendapatan bunga pada bagian lain-lain non

operasional.

Presentation and AnalysisPresentation and Analysis

LO 9 Describe how to report and analyze receivables.LO 9 Describe how to report and analyze receivables.

7-69

Analysis of Receivables

Presentation and AnalysisPresentation and Analysis

This Ratio used to:

Menilai likuiditas piutang.

Mengukur jumlah rata-rata perusahaan mengumpulkan piutang selama periode berjalan

Illustration 7-24

LO 9 Describe how to report and analyze receivables.LO 9 Describe how to report and analyze receivables.

Chapter 7 Kieso Terjemahan Ppt

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