Chapter 7 EDUCATION *Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 EDUCATION *Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New...
Chapter 7
EDUCATION
*Mainly Private *South & Mid Atlantic - Mainly Religious *New England to New York
Aristocratic Secular
*MALES ONLY!!!!!
Since America needs enlightened citizens, leading D-R feel a system of nationwide public schools are necessary-all males receive free education
States not convinced
1789 Massachusetts Public Schools
open to
GIRLS
HIGHER EDUCATION
*Colleges - 22 by 1800 *Begin to expand curriculum *Law schools begin *U of Penn – Medical school
Benjamin Rush
Rising American Culture
By turn of the century there is
an American culture developing
•Noah Webster-American Spelling Book-American Dictionary
American writers begin to break away from European influences and find a unique style.
WRITERS
Washington Irving
Mercy Otis
Warren
Parson Mason Weems
Joel Barlow
Hartford Wits
2nd Great Awakening
Causes
*Deism
*Unitarianism
*Churches lose power after Revolutionary War
*Methodists come to America1770’s – Francis Asbury
*Baptist Church
*Outdoor “Camp Meetings”
Big debate – Predestination
Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians reject it
much more American – individual freedom
Basic Message
*Readmit God into daily life *Embrace Piety *Reject Skeptical Rationalism
BIG SUPPORTERS
*Woman
*Native Americans
*Blacks
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Industrial Revolution begins in England
Machines run by water & wind until steam engine perfected
Allows factories to be anywhere
1st industry – textiles
Technology brought over from England
Starts in textile industry
Samuel Slater bring knowledge of British equipment
Helps set up first textile mill-hires entire families
Rhode Island System
Eli Whitney
*Cotton Gin
*Interchangeable parts
How to get the goods to market?
Domestic-turnpike steamship
Foreign-merchant marine fleet
Jefferson personally:
•Politician•Diplomat•Farmer•Architect•Inventor•Philosopher•Collected books and dinosaur bones
Jefferson politically:
•Strict constitutionalist•Small government•States rights
Presidential Actions
*Abolishes all internal taxes *Cuts government spending *Reduces debt $83 to $45m *Cuts Army 4000 to 2500 *Cuts Navy 25 to 7 ships
Chief Justice John
Marshall
1801-1835
Served on Washington’s staff
Saw how states refused GW’s requests for supplies
Feels states too powerful
First Great Case of the Supreme Court
*Chief Justice John Marshall
*MARBURY v. MADISON
Judicial Review
T JEFF STRIKES BACK
*Gets Congress to try to Impeach Samuel Chase
*Can you be impeached for political reasons?
Louisiana Purchase
France gets title of Louisiana from Spain in secret treaty
Spain won’t allow US ships to unload in New Orleans
*Robert Livingston
*Monroe joins him
*Goal: buy New Orleans
*Get Louisiana - $15 million
Jefferson is strict constitutionalist, how can he justify this move?
Good of country will counter ill effects of loose construction
Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark
*Essex Junto:
New England Federalists who feel only way to keep power is to leave Union
Need New York – need a New York political power
Ask Hamilton, turns the down
Look to Burr
Hamilton accuses Burr of treason
*duels Hamilton July 11, 1804
*Plans with Gov. Wilkinson
*Burr plots with Governor of Louisiana to capture part of Mexico from Spain
*arrested for treason
*tried in Circuit Court
*Justice Marshall
*limits evidence
*sets strict definition
ROAD
TO
WAR
POLITICS OF FOREIGN POLICY
Federalists: pro-England
D-R: pro-France
FranceContinental Systemcan’t stop in England
ENGLAND
Must stop in England
England stopping American ships and taking sailors off
Said they were deserters
IMPRESSMENT
*Impressment - USS Chesapeake fired
on, 4 taken off
EMBARGO ACT –1807
Prohibits US ships from any foreign ports
Who does this hurt?
Merchant & ship-owners
Where are they found?
New England
In 1808 election Federalists run stronger than usual
Before he leaves Jefferson replace Embargo Act
NON-INTERCOURSE ACT
1809
US can trade with anyone except England & France
MACON’S BILL #2
* Trade with everyone *Will stop trade w/violators of
neutrality
Out West
William Henry Harrison
Harrison:*born in Virginia*father signed Declaration*Indian Fighter*wants to develop the West*appointed Governor of Indiana Territory
Will administer Jefferson’s Indian policy
*convert to settled farmers
*head west of Mississippi River
Either choice requires the surrender of the land
England’s worried about Canada
Might need help in defending against America
Who is also worried about Americans?
Tecumseh: Chief of the Shawnee
Tenskwatawa: The Prophet
BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE
Another problem:
FLORIDA
*haven for runaway slaves
*Indian attacks against Georgia and Alabama
WAR HAWKS
Henry Clay John C. Calhoun
WAR of 1812
*June 18,1812 *Forts Dearborn & Detroit *Battle of Lake Erie-Perry *Battle of the Thames *Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson
Jackson:*Planter form Tennessee*Attack Creeks at Horseshoe Bend-wins *Captures Pensacola-only problem, not fighting Spain
British defeat an American force outside of Washington, the march to the capitol
British set fire to several public buildings including the Executive Mansion
*Brits try to capture Baltimore *Fort McHenry *Francis Scott Key
BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
*January 8, 1815 Brits US
killedwound
capture
700 8
1400 13
500 0
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent*December 24, 1814
*Trade Agreement 1815
*Rush-Begot Agreement 1817
Hartford Convention
*December 1814 *New England Federalists *Talk of secession *Talk of nullification *Propose 7 amendments to protect New England
