C H A P T E R 6

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

KEY CONTENT TERMS

•Constantinople – The city on the eastern edge of Europe, which Constantine made the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 C.E.•Byzantine Empire – The name for the eastern Roman Empire, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. It lasted from about 500 C.E. – 1453 C.E.

KEY CONTENT TERMS

•Eastern Orthodox Church – A Christian religion that developed out of early Christianity in the Byzantine Empire•Patriarch – In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the bishop of an important city

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 2

1. What about Constantinople’s location made it an ideal capital of the Byzantine Empire?

A. Constantinople was easy to defend, being surrounded by water on three sides, and it lay at the crossroads of many sea and overland trade routes linking east and west.

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 2

2. Suppose that you are a trader visiting Constantinople for the first time. Write a postcard to a friend back home describing what you see as you walk through the city’s streets. Address your postcard to a friend in a faraway land selected from the map in this section of your book. See an example on the next slide

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 2

Dear Habib, Constantinople is like nothing you have ever seen! The marketplace here ?????????????? ????????. Traders walk the streets ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????. There is even a ???????????! Many in the city are ???????. Even

the poor are given ?? ?????????????????? ???????????????. It is a beautiful city, Habib.

Your friend, Kalim

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 3

1. What event forced Justinian I to start rebuilding parts of Constantinople?

A. Large parts of the city were ruined when fighting in the Hippodrome between the Blues and Greens escalated into a rebellion

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 3

2. What were some of the improvements made to Constantinople as a result of Justinian’s public works projects?

A. New bridges, public baths, parks, roads, and hospitals were built. In addition, Hagia Sophia was built.

HAGIA SOPHIA

HAGIA SOPHIA

HAGIA SOPHIA

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 3

3. Why was Justinian’s Code significant?

A. . Under Justinian, 1000’s of laws outdated or confusing laws were revised. They also expanded women’s property rights. This served as the basis for many legal codes in the western world.

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 4

1. Describe the relationship between religion and government in the Byzantine Empire

A. Religion and government were closely linked. The emperor was both the head of the government and the living representative of Jesus Christ.

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION

2. For each image below, list at least two important details. Then, explain how each image illustrates aspects of Eastern Orthodox faith.

A B

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION

A. Many Orthodox Christians believe icons such as this bring them closer to God. St. Cyril helped create the Cyrillic alphabet, which allowed scholars to translate the Bible for people in the Byzantine Empire.

A

CHAPTER 6 – SECTION 4

A. Many Orthodox Christians believe icons such as this bring them closer to God. Jesus, or the Pantocrator (ruler of all), holding a Gospel and giving a blessing, rules over everything, according to Eastern Orthodox belief.

B

CHAPTER 6 SECTION 5THREE MAJOR DISAGREEMENTS CONTRIBUTED TO A COMPLETE SPLIT IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BY 1054. CREATE THE CHART BELOW IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. THEN FILL IT IN WITH DETAILS OF THOSE THREE

EVENTS AND HOW THEY LED TO THE FINAL SPLIT.

Date People involved

Event that led to the disagreement

Result of the disagreement

730 C.E.

Emperor Leo III and Pope Gregory III

Leo III bans the use of all religious images in Christian churches and homes, leading to a policy of iconoclasm.

The pope, angered by Leo’s ban, excommunicates the emperor.

CHAPTER 6 SECTION 5THREE MAJOR DISAGREEMENTS CONTRIBUTED TO A COMPLETE SPLIT IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BY 1054. CREATE THE CHART BELOW IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. THEN FILL IT IN WITH DETAILS OF THOSE THREE

EVENTS AND HOW THEY LED TO THE FINAL SPLIT.

Date People involved

Event that led to the disagreement

Result of the disagreement

800 C.E.

Pope LeoIII, Empress Irene, and Charlemagn

e

Pope Leo III refuses to recognize Empress Irene as the ruler of the Byzantine Empire because she is a woman; he crowns Charlemagne as Holy Roman emperor.

The pope’s action outrages the Byzantines who feel their empress is the rightful ruler of the Roman Empire.

CHAPTER 6 SECTION 5THREE MAJOR DISAGREEMENTS CONTRIBUTED TO A COMPLETE SPLIT IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH BY 1054. CREATE THE CHART BELOW IN YOUR NOTEBOOK. THEN FILL IT IN WITH DETAILS OF THOSE THREE

EVENTS AND HOW THEY LED TO THE FINAL SPLIT.

Date People involved

Event that led to the disagreement

Result of the disagreement

1054 C.E.

Cerularius, Pope Leo IX, Cardinal Humbert

Patriarch Cerularius closes all churches that worship with western rites. In response, Cardinal Humbert, on the pope’s orders, excommunicates Cerularius, who in return, excommunicates the cardinal.

The schism is final, and future attempts to heal the division are ineffective.

PROCESSING