CHAPTER-5shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/98471/10/10_chapter 5.pdf · This chapter...
77
CHAPTER-5 PRINT MEDIA SCENERIO IN INDIA
Transcript of CHAPTER-5shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/98471/10/10_chapter 5.pdf · This chapter...
CHAPTER-5
PRINT MEDIA SCENERIO
IN INDIA
94
The variety ethnic in our country is one of the key factors
which increase mass media in various languages. The contribution
of print media in providing informations and transfer of
knowledge is remarkable and has the advantage of making a
longer impact on the minds of the reader, with more intensive
reporting and analysis.
This chapter represents and analizes current scenario of
print media in India. Each country has it’s own way in developing
mass media including print media in line with the evolving of
technology and the other aspect such as economy, politics and
culture. Now these days’ social media is widely used by people
of our country. Even after the advent of electronic media the print
media has not lost its pace and charm or relevance because print
media has the advantage of making tonger impact on the mind of
Indian reader
The Chapter includes IRS figures (the Indian Readership
Survey is conducted every year for four quarters by the Media
Research User’s Council), circulation figures from Registrar for
Newspapers of India, breakup of circulation figures from Audit
Bureau of Circulations, and the print industry figures from FICCI-
KPMG reports.
95
Table 5.1
Ownership of Newspapers in India
Form of ownership
Number of
newspapers
Percentage
of total
Government 115 0.71
Individuals 13127 80.67
Firm/ partnership 184 1.13
Joint Stock Companies 2091 12.85
Society/ Association 406 2.5
Trusts 317 1.95
Others 70 0.4
Total 16310 100.00
Source : R.N.I., Report 2013
There are many media organisation in India that are owned
and controlled by wide varieties of organisations. Table 5.1 and
Figure 5.1 showed different forms of ownership in year 2013.
There are total 16310 news papers published in our country 115
newspapers are published by government organizations. More
than 80 per cent of news publications are published by
individuals. Joint stock companies get second place by
publishing 2091 news papers in India. The other contributions are
firms (184) societies (406), trusts (317) and other (70) It is
evident from the table and the figure that the print media is
dominated by individuals.
Table 5.2 and figure 5.2 represents ownership of news
papers (periodicity wise) in India during year 2012. It is clear
from the table that 4929 Dailies were published in year 2012. Out
96
of total 16319 news papers. A sum of 5936 weekly newspapers
was also published. The above table also shows that a total of
2934 papers were also published during year 2012.
Growth in literacy and media consumption along with their
compared annual growth rates (CAGR) showed in table 5.3 and
figure 5.3 in year 2012. Percentage annual growth rate of literacy
was 370. It is 4.00 for any media, 5.20 for televisions 8.9 for
C&S; Highest growth rate was 24.20 for internet. The CAGR for
press and Ratio were not significant.
Household premiumness index which is allocated HPI is a
composite of 50 variables including demographic, product
ownership or usage and services. HPI is also an indicator of
living standard. Table 5.4 shows growth in living standard during
2nd
, 3rd
and 4th
quarters in year 2012. Average HPI for year 2012
is 18.1. The CAGR for 4th Q is 9.1 figures 5.3 reflect the same
scenario.
According to Indian readership survey, top 10 news papers
are listed in table 5.5 and figure 5.5. Hindi language news paper
Dainik Jagaran headed the list with 16474 thousand copies
Malyala Manorama in Malyalam and the times of India in English
language were below these Hindi news papers.
97
Table 5.2
Ownership of newspapers (periodicity wise) in India – 2012
Category Daily
Bi/ Tri-
weekly Weekly Fortnightly Monthly Quarterly Annual Other Total
Central govt. 1 0 7 5 36 10 0 9 68
Educational institution 0 0 2 1 13 6 0 5 27
International
organizations 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 5
Firm/ partnership 97 0 27 11 43 0 1 5 184
Individuals 3541 22 5437 1584 2132 208 35 168 13127
Organs of political
parties 11 0 9 2 3 2 0 0 27
Pub. Ltd. 509 1 179 21 119 12 20 21 882
Pvt. Ltd. 644 2 162 102 207 25 26 41 1209
State govt. 13 0 14 5 13 2 0 0 47
Society/ association 51 0 59 25 203 40 3 25 406
Trusts 59 3 36 13 160 29 2 15 317
Others 2 0 3 0 4 1 0 1 11
TOTAL
4929
28 5936 1769 2934 335 87 292 16319
Source : Indian Readership Survey, 2012, 2.4 New Delhi
98
Table 5.3
Growth: Literacy & Media Consumption in India
(All figures in ‘000)
2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
% CAGR *
(2012 Q2-
2012 Q4)
Literacy 649715 656259 661772 3.70
Any Media 647036 653824 659844 4.00
Press 352004 353338 353409 0.80
TV 563435 571426 578011 5.20
C&S 488642 499437 509821 8.90
Radio 158165 159820 159699 1.90
Cinema 79258 81406 83724 11.60
Internet 39944 42322 44521 24.20
* - Indicates CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rates
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.4
Growth in living standards distribution of HHS by HPI percentile
(Index to 1000)
2012 Q2 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
% CAGR
(2012 Q2-
2012 Q4)
0-5 12166 119478 118138 -5.1
6-10 48429 49612 50389 8.3
11-20 35076 35953 36639 9.1
21-30 10676 10834 11108 8.3
31-50 9665 9713 9964 6.3
51-70 3180 3251 3269 5.7
71-100 4665 5008 5395 33.7
101-150 2634 2737 2793 12.4
151-200 1621 1682 1704 10.5
200+ 3177 3304 3361 11.9
Average
HPI 17.3 17.8 18.1 9.1
* - Indicates CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rates
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
99
Household PremiumnessIndex (HPI) is a composite of 50 variables,
including
demographics, product ownership / usage & services.
• It is an indicator of ‘Living Standard’.
• It is a continuous variable which lets you define your target group
more finely.
Table 5.5
Top 10 publications of news papers in India 2012
(AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Language Periodicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
Dainik Jagran Hindi Daily 16474 16370
Dainik Bhaskar Hindi Daily 14491 14416
Hindustan Hindi Daily 12242 12246
Malayala Manorama Malayalam Daily 9752 9760
Amar Ujala Hindi Daily 8536 8434
The Times Of India English Daily 7653 7615
Daily Thanthi Tamil Daily 7417 7334
Lokmat Marathi Daily 7409 7313
Rajasthan Patrika Hindi Daily 6818 6837
Mathrubhumi Malayalam Daily 6415 6334
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.6
Top 10 dailies language wise distribution -2012
(AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Language
Perio-
dicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
Dainik Jagran Hindi Daily 16474 16370
Dainik Bhaskar Hindi Daily 14491 14416
Hindustan Hindi Daily 12242 12246
Malayala Manorama Malayalam Daily 9752 9760
Amar Ujala Hindi Daily 8536 8434
The Times Of India English Daily 7653 7615
Daily Thanthi Tamil Daily 7417 7334
Lokmat Marathi Daily 7409 7313
Rajasthan Patrika Hindi Daily 6818 6837
Mathrubhumi Malayalam Daily 6415 6334
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
100
Table 5.6 and figure 5.6 showed language wise distribution
of news paper in year 2012. Top 10 dailies in 2012 were Dainik
Jagaran. Hindi, Dainik Bhaskar Hindi, Hindustan Hindi,
Malayala Manorama Malyalam, Amar Ujala Hind. The times of
India English, Dailty Thanthi in Tamil, Lokmat in Marathi,
Rajasthan Patrika in Hindi and Mathabhurni in Malayalam
language.
Table 5.7
Top 10 Magazines – 2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Language Periodicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
Vanitha Malayalam Fortnightly 2271 2153
Pratiyogita Darpan Hindi Monthly 1894 1902
Samanya Gyan Darpan Hindi Monthly 1733 1774
India Today English Weekly 1526 1480
Saras Salil Hindi Fortnightly 1351 1312
Meri Saheli Hindi Monthly 1205 1158
Karmakshetra Bengali Weekly 1183 1105
Cricket Samrat Hindi Monthly 1044 1024
Malayala Manorama Malayalam Weekly 1053 1008
General Knowledge Today English M 1047 993
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.7 shows, the list of top 10 magzines in India
during year 2012. Vanitha which is fort nightly Malayalam
magazine headed the list followed by Pratiyaosita Darpan a Hindi
monthly got second rank in the list Cricket Samrat a Hindi sports
magazine along with Malayalam Manorama and G.K. today get
last three places in the list.
101
Table 5.8
Top 10 Hindi Dailies - 2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
DainikJagran 16474 16370
DainikBhaskar 14491 14416
Hindustan 12242 12246
AmarUjala 8536 8434
Rajasthan Patrika 6818 6837
Punjab Kesari 3364 3323
Prabhat Khabar 2761 2859
Navbharat Times 2639 2633
Patrika 2051 2068
Nai Dunia 1553 1358
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Hindi dailies are most popular news papers. Table 5.8 and
figure 5.8 showed a list of TDP rated Hindi dailies in the country
in the year 2012. Dainik Jagaran and Dainik Bhaskar get first two
places last two were occupied by Patrika and Nai Duniya,
Hindustan, Amar Ujala, Rajathan Patrika were also get place in
this list.
102
Table 5.9
Top 10 English Dailies – 2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
The Times Of India 7653 7615
Hindustan Times 3786 3820
The Hindu 2258 2164
The Telegraph 1254 1265
Deccan Chronicle 1051 1020
DNA 962 972
Mumbai Mirror 807 819
The Economic Times 753 735
The Tribune 653 671
The New Indian Express 664 652
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.9 shows the top ranked Enlish newspaper in
India in year 2012. Times of India get first position with AIR
numbers 7653 thousands in Q2 2012 and 7615 Q4 2012.
Hindustan times with a much lesser number of publications got
second rank in the list. Economic times an economic daily news
papers also take place in this list with a publication numbers of
753 thousands in Q3 2012 and 735 thousand.
.
103
Table 5.10
Top 10 Language Dailies -2012(AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Language 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
MalayalaManorama Malayalam 9752 9760
Daily Thanthi Tamil 7417 7334
Lokmat Marathi 7409 7313
Mathrubhumi Malayalam 6415 6334
Eenadu Telegu 5957 5972
Ananda Bazar
Patrika Bengali 5788 5750
Sakshi Telegu 5343 5379
Gujarat Samachar Gujarat 5153 5114
Dinakaran Tamil 4912 4816
Daily Sakal Marathi 4403 4469
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.10 shows a rank list of top 10 language wise
dailies in India in year 2012. Malayala Manorama in Malayalam
language headed the list copes in Q3 2012 and Q4 2012. Daily
sakal a Marathi daily get 10th
rank in this list
104
Table 5.11
Top 10 Hindi Magazines – 2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Periodicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
Pratiyogita Darpan M 1894 1902
Samanya Gyan
Darpan M 1733 1774
Saras Salil F 1351 1312
Meri Saheli M 1205 1158
Cricket Samrat M 1044 1024
India Today W 966 988
Grihshobha F 873 866
Grehlakshmi M 909 865
Champak F 725 705
Vanitha M 702 668
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Hindi magazines are very popular in India. Top 10
magazines in year 2012 were Pratiyogita Darpan, Samany Gyan
Darpan, Saras Salil, Meri Saheli, Cricket Samarat, India Today,
Grihsobha, Grihlaxmi, Champak and Vanita. A complete list of
top 10 Hindi magazines is showed in table 5.11 and in Figure
5.11.
105
Table 5.12
Top 10 English Magazines -2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Periodicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
India Today Weekly 1526 1480
General Knowledge Today Monthly 1047 993
Readers Digest Monthly 1016 958
Competition Success Review Monthly 703 670
Outlook Weekly 474 451
Pratiyogita Darpan Monthly 417 431
The Week Weekly 424 414
Stardust Monthly 420 406
Business Today Fortnightly 406 403
Wisdom Monthly 346 334
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
India today is a weekly magazine which headed the
list of top 10 English magazines in year 2012. According to
Table 5.12 and figure 5.12, G.K. Today and Reader Digest get
second and third places in this list. Other English magazines that
take place in list were CSR, Outlook, Pratiyogita Darpaan, Star
Dust and Business Today.
106
Table 5.13
Top 10 Language Magazines – 2012 (AIR numbers; All figures in ‘000)
Publication Language
Perio-
dicity 2012 Q3 2012 Q4
Vanitha Malayalam F 2271 2153
Karmakshetra Bengali W 1183 1105
Malayala Manorama Malayalam W 1053 1008
Karmasangsthaan Bengali W 996 969
Mathrubhumi Thozhil
Vartha Malayalam W 745 830
Kumudam Tamil W 821 771
Balarama Malayalam W 778 717
Saptahik Bartaman Bengali W 723 702
Mathrubhumi Arogya
Masika Malayalam M 740 685
Sananda Bengali F 621 630
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Table 5.13 and figures 5.13 showed top rated
language magazines in India during year 2012. Vanitha is a
Malayalam fortnightly magazine which has a largest circulation of
2271 and 2153 thousand numbers in second and third quarter in
year 2012. Three Bengali magazines Karmakshetra (weekly),
107
Saptahik Bartaman (Weekly) and Sananda (fortnightly)
magazines are also in the top rated list.
The Indian M&E industry grew from INR 728 billion in
2011 to INR 821 billion in 2012, registering an overall growth of
12.6 percent.
The industry is estimated to achieve a growth rate of 11.8
percent in 2013 to touch INR 917 billion. The sector is projected
to grow at a healthy CAGR of 15.2 percent to reach INR 1661
billion by 2017.
108
Table 5.14
Indian print industry overview – Actual & Prediction [(2012(A) -2017(P) ]
NR Billion 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2012
growth 2013p 2014p 2015p 2016p 2017p
CAGR
(2012- 17)
Total advertising 100 108 110 126 139 150 7.30% 162 179 200 222 248 10.60%
Total circulation 60 64 65 67 69 75 7.30% 79 82 86 89 93 4.50%
Total industry size 160 172 175 193 209 224 7.30% 241 261 285 311 340 8.70%
Total newspaper
revenue 148 159 163 181 196 211 7.60% 228 248 272 298 327 9.10%
Total magazine
revenue 12 13 12 12 13 13 3.80% 14 14 14 13 14 0.90%
Total industry size 160 172 175 193 209 224 7.30% 241 261 285 311 340 8.70%
* - Indicates prediction for that particular year, ** CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate 2012 to 2017 (p)
Source : FICCI, KMG Report 2013
109
According to a FICCI, KMG Report (2013) The size of
print media industry was 160 NR Billion in year 2007. It was
extended to 224 NR Brllion in the year 2012. FICCI’s
predictions in table 5.13 also showed an increase (predicted) in
total industry size to 340 billians in year 2017. An annual
compound growth rate (CAGR) was 7.30 per cent per year in a
duration between 2007-2012. The predicted CAGR will be 8.70
per cent up to year 2017. Total circulation of news paper were 60
billion and 75 billian in year 2007 and 2012 respectively. This
table also showed the size and revenue obtained by magazine
industry in India during 2007 to 2012 Predictions for these
variables were also shown in this table and figure.
Table 5.15
Growth in advertising market of Indian Print Media – 2009 A – 2017 P
INR
Billion
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013p 2014p 2015p 2016p 2017p
English 49 53 57 59 62 66 70 74 79
Hindi 31 37 41 45 49 56 64 73 83
Vernacular 30 36 42 46 51 57 66 75 85
Total 110 126 139 150 162 179 200 222 248
A – Actual, P-Prediction
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi -2013
Actual and predicted growth in advertising market of
Indian print media are presented in Table 5.15 and figure 5.15
Growth of advertizing market of English newspapers and industry
was 49 billian rupees. It was 31 billian rupees in Hindi and 30
billian rupees in vernacular languages. The figures for these
variables were 59.45 and 46 billian rupees subsequently. Total
110
growth in advertising market were also in 2009, 150 billian
rupees, and in 2012. An increase of 248 billian rupees will be
predicted for the year 2017.
Table 5.16
Print media market of India – 2011 to 2017
Print media
market (In INR
billion)
20
11
20
12
20
13
p
20
14
p
20
15
p
20
16
p
20
17
CA
GR
(20
12
-
17
)
English Market 83 86 90 94 99 104 109 4.80%
Advertising 57 59 62 66 70 74 79 6.00%
Circulation 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 2.10%
Hindi Market 62 68 75 83 92 103 114 10.80%
Advertising 41 45 49 56 64 73 83 13.30%
Circulation 22 24 26 27 28 30 31 5.60%
Vernacular
Market 63 69 76 85 94 105 116 10.90%
Advertising 42 46 51 57 66 75 85 13.30%
Circulation 21 24 26 27 28 30 31 5.80%
Total industry
size 209 224 241 261 285 311 340 8.70%
A – Actual, P-Prediction, CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate
Source: Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
In Print media market of India actual position, for the year
2011 and 2012 are shown and predicted market value for 2013 to
2017 are depicted in Table 5.16 and figure 5.16. C.A.G.R. of
English market was found 4.80 per annium for 2012 to 2017. For
English market CAGR for advertising was 6.0 per cent. It was
2.10 per annium for circulation. A high growth rate was observed
for a period 2012 to 2017 for Hindi news paper market.
Advertising was a key factor having an annual growth rate of
111
13.30 per cent was observed in vernacular market of print media
in India.
Table 5.17
Share of English, Hindi and Vernacular languages – 2008 & 2012
2008 2012
English 47 39
Hindi 26 30
Vernacular 27 31
Percentage of English, Hindi and vernacular newspapers
and magazines are shown in table 5.17. Share of English news
papers were 47 per cent in 2008. Contribution of Hindi media
was 26 and vernacular language medias share was 27 per cent.
Share of English print media was significantly down and it was
just 39 per cent only. The contribution of Hindi and vernacular
languages print media increased by 4 per cent in the year 2012.
Table 5.18
Comparison of percentage press and internet users in India – 2012
USERS Press (%) Internet (%)
URBAN A1 80 40
A2 70 30
B1 60 20
B2 50 10
C 40 10
D 30 10
E1 20 5
E2 10 2
RURAL R1 40 10
R2 20 5
R3 10 3
R4 5 2
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
112
From last two years records it can be seen that there is a
constant growth in the press and internet users in urban and rural
area. Urban area is divided in to A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D, E1 and
E2- class cities in India. It is obvious from table 5.18 that press
users percentage have a declining trend in almost all urban city
segments. Internet users percentage are highest in all cities. There
percentage was 40 per cent in year 2012. The lowest internet
uses were observed in E1 and E2 class cities and it was 5 and 2
per cent.
Table 5.19
Print advertising advertisement volume in India(% share) -
2011 & 2012
2011 (%) 2012 (%)
English 32 27
Hindi 32 34
Vernacular 37 39
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Advertisement in newspapers is a key factor for print media
development in India. It is obvious from table 5.19 that
advertisement volume in year 2012 was lowered by 5 per cent as
compared to year 2011 for English news papers. Hindi and
vernacular language news papers have a different scenario. The
percentage and share of print media volume for Hindi and
vernacular language was significantly higher than English papers.
A two per cent annual increase was observed in the year 2012.
113
Table 5.20
Break-up of domestic and imported newsprint consumption
Year/
newsprint
consumption
Domestic
(metric tons)
Imported
(metric tons)
Total newsprint
consumption (metric
tons)
2004-05 7.6 6.8 14.4
2005-06 9.1 6.8 15.9
2006-07 10.3 7.9 18.2
2007-08 10.4 8.9 19.3
2008-09 11 9.9 20.9
2009-10 9.6 9.9 19.5
2010-11 10.9 10.5 21.4
2011-12 10.6 10.7 21.3
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Domestic and imported news print consumption pattern is
shown in table 5.20. The break up of news print consumption for
year 2002 to 2011-12 showed that domestic news print
consumption was highest in year 2010-11 and it was 10.6 metric
tons. Imported news print consumption was highest in year 2011-
12 and was 10.7 metric tons. A constant increase in total news
print consumption was observed during year 2004-05 to 2011-12.
As per Indian readership survey, New Delhi total news print
consumption was 21.3 metric tons in year 2012.
114
Table 5.21
Revenue share of magazines in print media in India -2012
Year
Percentage Revenue
Total Revenue
INR billion
From print
industry
From magazine
industry
2011 94 6 209
2012 94 6 224
2013P 94 6 241
2014P 95 5 261
2015P 95 95 285
2016P 94 6 311
2017P 94 6 340
Source : Indian Readership Survey, New Delhi
Total revenue share in INR billion for magazines in print
media in India during year 2011-12 has showed (Table 5.21) that
224 INR billion revenue was generated. It was 209 INR billion in
2011.
115
Table 5.22
Newspaper circulation figures in 2011
S
no. Circulation Figures
1
Total number of newspaper registered as on
31sMarch 2010- 2011 82,222
2 Number of new newspaper registered in 2011 4853
3 Total number of circulations 32,92,04,841
4
Largest number of newspapers registered in any
Indian language (Hindi) 32,793
5
Second largest of newspaper registered
(English) 11478
6
State with largest number of newspapers (Uttar
Pradesh) 13,065
7
State with second largest number of newspapers
(Delhi) 10,606
8 Largest circulated daily:
Newspaper Language
Place of
publication
Eenadu Telegu Hyderabad 16,74,305
The Hindu English Chennai 14,82,658
Ananda Bazar
Patrika Bengali Kolkata 12,08,682
9 The largest circulated multi- edition daily:
Newspaper
Number of
Editions
The Times of
India 12 37,46,929
Eenadu 19 29,55,300
10 Largest circulated periodical is The
Hindu Weekly 13,48,160
Source : Registrar of News papers for India, 2011
From the table 5.22 it can be studied that the total
registered news paper in year 2011 were 82,222. The total
number of circulation was 32, 92, 04,841. Uttar Pradesh is a state
with largest number of news papers. A sum of 13,065 news
116
papers were published from U.P. in the year 2011. The largest
circulated periodical is “The Hindu Weekly”.
Indian media & entertainment industry
Industry Size And Projections for the year: The Indian
M&E industry grew from INR 652 billion in 2010 to INR 728
billion in 2011, registering an overall growth of 12 percent. The
sector is projected to grow at a healthy CAGR of 14.9 percent to
reach INR 1,457 billion by 2016.
Table 5.23
Print industry: advertisement v/s circulation mix – 2007 to 2011
YEAR Circulation (%) Mix Advertising (%)
2007 63 38
2008 63 37
2009 63 37
2010 65 35
2011 67 33
Source : FICCI, KPMG Report 2013
Indian media and entertainment industry reports showed
(Table 5.23) mix circulation ( %) mix has increased from 63 per
cent (2007) to 67 per cent (2011). A declining trend is observed
in case of advertising. It has declined from 38 per cent (2007) to
33 per cent (2011).
117
Table 5.24
Global newsprint consumption (million tonnes)
Year Newsprint consumption (million tonnes)
2000 39
2001 38
2002 37
2003 38
2004 40
2005 39
2006 38
2007 38
2008 37
2009 33
2010 34
Source : FICCI, KPMG Report 2012
It is evident from table 5.24 that global newsprint
consumption was 39 million tonnes in year 2001. According to
IICCJ, KPMG report 2011 total news print consumption globally
declined up to year 2010. It was 3 G million tonnes in year 2010.
118
Table 5.25
News print prices per ton. (INR) – 2009-2011
Year
News print price
INR/TON USD/TON
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2009 27250 24250 24250 27150 650 550 475 550
2010 27150 29650 31750 32750 560 600 660 695
2011 31750 33450 34350 34350 715 715 700 700
Prices of news print per tonnes (INR) between 2009-
11 have been shown in table 5.25. It is obvious that maximum
price like was in Q32011 and it was 34350 INR perton. This
table also shows the news print prices in USD / Ton
119
Table – 5.26
Rank of News Papers in India by Readership - 2012
Newspaper Language City
Daily
Readers
hip (in
million) Owner
1 Dainik Jagran
दै�नकजागरण Hindi Various cities and states 16.370 Owned by Jagaran Prakashan Ltd.
2 Dainik Bhaskar
दै�नकभा�कर Hindi Various cities and states 14.416 Owned by D B Corp Ltd.
3 Hindustan
ह�द�ुतान Hindi Various cities and states 12.246
Owned by Hindustan Media Ventures Ltd. which
is owned by HT Media Ltd
4 Malayala Manorama
����������� Malayalam
10 cities
in Kerala, Bangalore, Mangalore, Chennai,M
umbai, Delhi, Dubai, and Bahrain
9.760 Owned by Malayala Manorama Company Ltd.
5 Amar Ujala
अमरउजाला Hindi Various cities and states 8.434 Owned by Amar Ujala Publications Ltd.
6 Times of India English Various cities and states 7.615 Owned by Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.
7 Daily Thanthi
தின�த�தி Tamil Various cities in Tamil Nadu, Bangalore,
Pondicherry and Mumbai. 7.334 Founded by S. P. Adithanar
8 Lokmat Marathi Various cities of Maharashtra and Goa 7.313 Owned by Lokmat Media Limited
120
Newspaper Language City
Daily
Readers
hip (in
million) Owner
9 Rajasthan Patrika Hindi Various cities and states 6.837 Owned by Rajasthan Patrika Pvt. Ltd.
10 Mathrubhumi
����� Malayalam
10 Cities in India
Kerala, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai,
andNew Delhi
6.334 Owned by The Mathrubhumi Group
11
Eenadu
����� Telugu
19 Cities in
AP, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai, and New
Delhi
5.972 Founded in 1974, owned by Ramoji Group
12 Ananda Bazar Patrika
����������� Bengali
Various cities in West
Bengal, Delhi and Mumbai 5.750 Owned by Ananda Publishers
13
Sakshi
��� Telugu Various cities and states 5.379 Owned by Jagathi Publications
14
Gujarat Samachar
�જુરાતસમાચાર Gujarati Ahmedabad, Gujarat 5.114 Owned by Lok Prakashan Ltd.
15 Dinakaran
தினகர� Tamil
Various cities in Tamil Nadu and a few other
cities 4.816 Bought out by SUN TV group in 2005
16 Daily Sakal
सकाळ Marathi Various cities in Maharashtra 4.469 Owned by Sakal Media Group
17 Hindustan Times English Various cities and states 3.820 Owned by HT Media Ltd
121
Newspaper Language City
Daily
Readers
hip (in
million) Owner
18 Punjab Kesari
पंजाबकेसर� Hindi States of Punjab, Haryana 3.323 Owned by Punjab Kesari Group
19 Prabhat Khabar Hindi States of Jharkhand, Bihar, West
Bengal and Odisha 2.859 Owned by NPHL (Neutral Publishing House Ltd.)
20 Navbharat Times Hindi Various cities and states 2.633 Owned by Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.
21 The Hindu English Various cities and states 2.164 Owned by Kasturi & Sons Ltd.
22 Patrika Hindi Various cities 2.068 Owned by Rajasthan Patrika Pvt. Ltd.
23 Nai Dunia
नईद�ुनया Hindi Various cities and states of Madhya
Pradesh andChhattisgarh 1.358
Owned by NaiDunia Media Ltd. which is owned
by Jagaran Prakashan Ltd.
24 The Telegraph English Various cities and states 1.265 Owned by Ananda Publishers
25 Deccan Chronicle English Various cities 1.020 Owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd.
26 DNA English Various cities and states 0.972
Owned by Diligent Media Corporation which is a
joint venture between D B Corp Ltd. (Dainik
Bhaskar group) and Essel Group.
27 Mumbai Mirror English Various cities and states 0.819 Owned by Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.
28 Economic Times English Various cities and states 0.735 Owned by Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd.
29 The Tribune English Various cities and states 0.671 Owned by Tribune Trust
30 The New Indian Express English Various cities and states 0.652 Owned by Express Publications Ltd.
Source : Indian Readership Survey, 2012 Q4
122
Recommendation of the Majithia wage board*:-
Section I
PRELIMINARY
Short title and commencement: (1) These
recommendations may be\ called the Majithia Wage Board
Award. (2) The Award shall be deemed to have come into force
on the first day of July 2010.
Definitions - In this Award, unless the context otherwise requires
(1) "Act" means the Working Journalist and other Newspaper
Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1955 (XLV of 1955);
(2) "Accounting year" used with reference to a particular year
shall in the case of newspaper establishment mean
financial year, the year commencing on the first day of
April. In case, however, the accounting year of a
newspaper establishment is different from financial year, it
shall mean that accounting year of the establishment, of
which more than half falls in the particular financial year.
In case of the newspaper establishment whose accounting
year starts from 1st day of October, the accounting year
would be that year in which the first six months fall.
Illustration – If the accounting year of a newspaper
establishment starts from 1st day of January, 2009,
reference to the accounting year 2009 in this Award shall
be construed as reference to accounting year 2009-10.
Again, if the accounting year of the newspaper
establishment starts from 1st day of October, reference to
accounting year 2009 in this Award will be construed as
*Taken fromGazette of India, Govt. of India, 25-10-2011.
123
reference to the accounting year 2009-10 of that
establishment.
(3) "Basic wage" means wages drawn in the prescribed scale
of wages, including stagnation increment, if any, but does
not include any other type of wages or pay, like special
pay, personal pay, etc.
(4) “Category” means any of those newspaper employees
mentioned under the groups set out in this Award.
(5) 'Gross revenue of a news agency’ means its total revenue
from all sources, including subscription revenue derived by
selling its services.
(6) ‘News agency’ means an establishment conducting any
news agency or syndicate, that is to say, a news agency in
an undertaking of which the principle objective is to gather
or collect news and news material and to distribute it to a
group of news enterprises and, in exceptional
circumstances, to provide individual with a view to
providing them with as complete and impartial a news
service as possible, against payment with and under
condition compatible business laws and usage.
(7) "Newspaper employee" means working journalist, or non-
journalist newspaper employee, or both.
(8) "Schedule" means a schedule annexed to this Award.
(9) "Table" means a table annexed to this Award.
(10) The words and expressions "newspaper establishment",
“working journalist” and "non-journalist newspaper
124
employee" shall have the meaning respectively assigned to
them in the Act.
Section II
(Classification of News Agencies and Grouping of
news agency employees)
3. Classification of news agencies – For the fixation or revision
of rates of wages of employees in news agencies, news agencies
shall be classified based on the average gross revenue of three
accounting years 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10.
4. Continuance of classification – The classification made under
this Chapter, shall continue until the news agency is reclassified
in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 6 of this Chapter.
5. Classification of news agency – News agencies shall be
classified under the following classes on the basis of their gross
revenue as per paragraph 3 of this Chapter.
Class Gross Revenue
I Rs.60 crore and above;
II Rs.30 crore and above but less than Rs.60 crore.43
III Rs.10 crore and above but less than Rs.30 crore.
IV Less than Rs.10 crore.
Note: - Foreign news agencies, i.e. those operating in India with
their Principal Office outside Indiashall be treated as Class I news
agencies.
125
6. Reclassification - It shall be open either to the employer or to
the employee to seek areclassification of a newspaper
establishment at any time after one year from the date of the
enforcement of the Award on the basis of the average gross
revenue of the three immediately preceding accounting years;
Provided that such reclassification should not be
sought more than once in any period of three consecutive
accounting years.
Provided that any such reclassification is required to
be adjusted towards the price escalation worked out on the basis
of wholesale price index with effect from the financial year just
before the implementation of the Majithia Wage Boards Awards.
7. Grouping of Newspaper Employees: - (1) Working
Journalists in the regular cadre in news agency shall be grouped
as under the First Schedule; and functional definitions of various
categories of working journalists in the news agency are described
in the Schedule – IV.A and IV.B respectively.
Non-journalist employees – Administrative Staff in news agency
shall be grouped as under the Schedule – V.
Variable Pay:
The concept of variable pay has been introduced,
which aims to achieve twin objectives as stated below:
a. The Sixth Pay Commission had recommended the concept
of grade pay and the same was agreed to by the
Government for implementation. On similar analogy the
concept of variable pay needs to be introduced for all the
employees working in newspaper establishments and news
126
agencies. The variable pay will be the specified percentage
of the basic pay drawn by an employee in the newspaper
industry. All allowances, such as HRA, Transport
Allowance, and Leave Travel Allowance etc. will be
computed by taking the sum total of the revised basic pay
and the variable pay applicable to an employee.
b. Variable pay recommended by the Wage Boards would be
the minimum maintainable for all employees including
those working on contract basis and the management would
be free to pay more than recommended variable pay subject
to performance of the workers as well as profitability and
viability of the newspaper establishments.
Section III
REVISED SCALES OF WAGES AND ALLOWANCES
8. Revised scale of wages for working journalist - (1) The
revised scale of wages and variable pay, as recommended by the
Wage Board for a span of 20 years, of each group of the Working
Journalists in different classes of news agency is prescribed in
Table …1..
(2) Every part-time Correspondent/ Photographer shall be paid
not less than 40 per cent, if he is posted at district head-quarters
and above and not less than 30 per cent, if he is posted at place
below district headquarters, of the basic wage plus dearness
allowance applicable to a full time Correspondent/Photographer at
similar level, provided that no part-time Correspondent /
Photographer will work for more than two news agencies or
newspaper establishments. In addition, payment shall be paid to
127
him on column basis, the rate of which to be settled by mutual
negotiations, keeping in view the basic wages and dearness
allowances drawn as part-time Correspondent and part-time
Photographer.
9. Revised scale of wages for non-journalist – (1) The revised
scales of wages and variable pay, as recommended by the Wage
Board for a span of 20 years, of each group of the non-journalist
news agency employees – Administration Staff in different
classes of news agency is prescribed in Table II…
(2) Every time rated employee, that is to say, a person employed
to work as time-rated employee (time-work) for either less or
more than prescribed working hours and performs the job, or does
the duty of a regular employee, shall be paid on pro-rata basis
equivalent to the wages of that regular employee on the basis of
number of hours for which he is employed.
Explanation – for the purpose of above paragraphs 8 and 9
(a) The Probable Impact of Wage Increase on newspaper
establishments would be explained as below:
It reflects from the analytical data presented in the
Annual Survey of Industries that the wages and salaries of
employees in newspaper industry are normally 10% of the gross
revenue of an establishment and is also supported to some extent
by the information on wages and gross revenueubmitted by the
newspaper establishments to the Wage Boards. The proposal of
the Wage Boards suggests around 35% and 20% increase in the
wages / salaries over and above the salary including interim relief
of employees working in the newspaper industry falling in classes
128
I to IV and classes V to VIII respectively. Approximately, it
would mean that with this increase, the wages would become
about 13.5% of the gross revenue in respect of newspaper
establishment falling in class I to IV. This would, therefore, result
in further burden of just 3.5% of gross revenue. On a similar
analogy, the burden on newspaper establishments in class V to
VIII would be just 3% of gross revenue. Moreover, this additional
burden on newspaper establishment would dissipate over the
period as per the past trend. Based on the financial data submitted
by the newspaper establishments, Board feels that it would be
possible for them to bear such a moderate increase.
(b) As regard benefit to newspaper employees
(i) In respect of newspaper establishments falling under
Classes I to IV, where 35% of increase as a result of
variable pay is recommended, “the current basic pay of the
newspaper employee” would rise by around 2.90 to 3.20
times, and
(ii) In respect of newspaper establishments falling under
Classes V to VIII, where 30% of increase as a result of
variable pay is recommended, the current basic pay would
rise byaround 2.80 to 3.08 times.
10. Drawal of wages in the revised scales – (1) Save as
otherwise provided in this Award, a news agency employee shall
draw wages in the revised scale applicable to the group to which
he belongs.
11. Dearness Allowance – (1) The revised rates of dearness
allowance shall be paid according to average all-India Consumer
129
Price Index Number for industrial worker (2001=100) compiled
by Labour Bureau and will become operative with effect from 01-
07-2010.
(2) Dearness Allowance shall be payable bi-annually with effect
from 1st July and 1st January every year and shall be sanctioned
as soon as the figures for the preceding 12 months, for which all –
India average consumer price index for industrial workers (Base
2001=100) used for determining rate of dearness allowance,
becomes available. Dearness allowance will become payable from
the beginning of the month immediately succeeding the 12 month
period for which All – India average index figures are used for
determining rate of dearness allowance.
(3) The Rate of neutralization for determining Dearness
Allowance payable Bi-annually on the basis of Consumer Price
Index Number for Industrial Numbers would be 100 percent of
basic for all groups of employees in news agency establishments
and will be calculated as per the formula in Table- III.
Explanation – for the purpose of this paragraph, –
The dearness allowance in respect of the period
preceding the date of implementation of the Award shall be given
at the existing rates.
12. House Rent Allowance – House rent allowance at the rate of
30%, 20% and 10% shall be paid by newspaper establishments to
its employees posted in the respective areas defined as Area “X”,
Area “Y” and Area “Z” respectively, which is based on the
pattern followed under the fixation of Minimum Wages in respect
of scheduled employments in the Central Sphere, as well as
130
keeping in view of the concentration of Newspaper
Establishments in Metros, Cities and Towns. The classification of
cities as Area “X”, Area “Y” and Area “Z” are prescribed in
Table – IV.
Provided that –
1) Where an employee is provided residential accommodation
by newspaper establishments, no house rent allowance shall
be admissible.
2) If an employee is being paid house rent allowance, the
same will be adjusted against the amount of house rent
allowance payable under this provision.
3) Where a newspaper establishment contributes on behalf of
an employee any amount towards a fund to enable the
employee to own his residential accommodation, such amount
shall be adjusted against house rent allowance payable under
this provision.
13. Transport allowance – The Transport allowance at the rate
of 20%, 10% and 5%,shall be paid by newspaper establishments
to its employees posted in the respective areas defined as Area
“X”, Area “Y” and Area “Z” respectively. The Area “X”, Area
“Y” and Area “Z” are prescribed in Table – IV.In view of the
transport allowance, which is the major expenditure incurred by
the residents including the newspaper employees, being
recommended by the Wage Boards, the City Compensatory
Allowance stands abolished.
131
14. Night shift allowance – The Night shift allowance at the rates
shall be paid by the newspaper establishment to their respective
employees as given in the table below:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class of Newspaper Rate per Night Class of Newspaper Rate per
Establishments Shift EstablishmentsNightShift
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I & II Rs.100/- V and VI Rs.50/-
III & IV Rs.75/- VII & VIII Rs.50/-47
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Hardship allowance – (1) An employee working in
newspaper establishment of classes I to IV, which are situated in
hilly areas above 5000 feet (1524 meters) from the sea level or in
a disturbed area shall be paid a lump sum of Rs.1000 per month.
(2) An employee working in newspaper establishment of classes
V and VI, which are situated in hilly areas above 5000 feet (1524
meters) from the sea level or in a disturbed area, shall be paid a
lump sum of Rs.500/- per month.
(3) The hardship allowance shall not be applicable to the
employees in newspaper establishment of classes VII and VIII.
Explanation – for the purpose of this paragraph, –
The "disturbed area" means disturbed area declared
by the appropriate Government, i.e., State Government or Central
Government, as the case may be, under the relevant Act.
132
16. Leave Travel Allowance (LTA) – An employee shall be paid
leave travel allowance as equivalent to one month basic pay,
except those working in newspaper establishment of classes VII
and VIII. The LTA would be admissible once in a block of two
years subject to availing of leave and production of necessary
documents in proof of journey actually undertaken.
17. Medical Allowance – (1) The employees working in
newspaper establishment of Classes I & II and Classes III & IV
shall be paid medical allowance at the rate of Rs.1000/- and
Rs.500/- per month per employee respectively. The employees in
consultation with the management of newspaper establishment
may opt for health insurance policy subject to the premium not
exceeding the admissible medical allowance per annum.
(2) No medical allowance shall be paid to the employees, who
are covered by Employees State Insurance Corporation
(ESIC).
(3) Whereas the newspaper establishment falling in Classes V
to VIII shall provide medicare insurance cover to all of their
employees and the premium to be paid to an insurance
company shall be limited to Rs.2000/- per annum per
employee.
18. Fixation of initial wage in the revised scale – The initial
wage of an employee in the revised scale shall be fixed in the
following manner -
(a) For the new entrant, the wages shall be fixed in the revised
scale at the minimum of the scale.
133
(b) In the case of employees already working in the newspaper
establishment, the wages shall be fixed in the revised scale
at the stage next above the existing emolument.
(c) If the minimum of the revised scale is higher than the
amount of the emoluments being presently drawn by the
employee, the wages shall be fixed at the minimum of the
revised scale.
(d) If the existing emoluments of the employee are higher than
minimum of the revised scale, the wages shall be fixed at
next higher stage in the revised scale.
(e) Every employee shall be given one increment in the revised
pay scale for completion of every five years' service in the
post held immediately before the date of the commencement
of the Award.
(f) As regard to Assured Career Development, Every employee
shall be given at least three promotions during his entire
service career i.e. first to next higher grade after
satisfactorily completion of ten years of service, second to
next higher grade after satisfactorily completion of twenty
years of service and third to next higher grade after
satisfactorily completion of thirty years of service.
(g) The service rendered by the concerned employee in any
other post carrying a scale in that newspaper establishment,
the minimum of which is lower by not more than 30% of
the minimum of the scale in which the employee worked,
shall also be taken into account.
134
(h) The total number of increments shall not be more than three.
(i) No employee shall get more than the maximum of the
revised pay scale.
(j) The revised pay scales shall become applicable to all
employees with effect from 1st July 2010. However, if an
employee within three weeks from the date of publication of
Government Notification under Section 12 of the Act
enforcing these recommendations exercises his option for
retaining his existing pay scale and "existing emoluments",
he shall be entitled to retain his existing scale and such
emoluments.
Explanation:
(1) The “existing emoluments” of an employee shall mean his
basic pay, variable dearness allowance at the All India
average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial
Workers (Base 2001=100) during the period July 2009 to
June 2010 at 167 during the period July 2009 to June 2010,
convertible to CPI – IW (Base 1982=100) by the conversion
factor of 4.63, and interim relief of 30% of 49basic pay
sanctioned vide notifications S.O. No. 2524 (E) and 2525
(E) dated 25th August 2008 as applicable for working
journalists and non-journalists newspaper employee
respectively.
(2) The "additional emoluments" of an employee shall mean
emoluments other than the “existing emoluments” described
in Clause (1) granted by newspaper establishments, as a
135
result of collective bargaining, agreement or award, as
increase in basic wage, dearness allowance or interim relief.
(3) The "additional allowances" of an employee shall mean any
monthly payments, by whatever name called, not related to
a specific purpose nor agreed to be adjusted against any
revision of pay or dearness allowance.
19. Mode of payment of arrears – The arrears payable from the
date of enforcement of the Award, if any, as a result of
retrospective implementation, shall be paid in three equal
installments after every six months from the date of enforcement
of the Award and the first installment shall be paid within three
months.
Provided that –
The newspaper establishments, who suffered heavy
cash losses consequently in three accounting years preceding the
date of implementation of the Awards, shall be exempt from
payment of any arrears. However, these newspaper establishments
would be required to fix salaries or wages of their employees on
notional basis in the revised scales of pay with effect from the
date of implementation of the Awards i.e. 1st July 2010.
20. Date of operation of Allowances – Except as otherwise
provided in the Award, to the contrary, the House Rent
Allowance, Transport Allowance, Hardship Allowance or any
other allowances prescribed in the Award shall be effective from
the date of notification of this Award.
136
SCHEDULE – IV:
(Grouping of working journalists in News Agency)
THE SCHEDULE – IV.A
(Grouping of Working Journalists in Newspaper
Establishments)
Group – 1A : Editor-in-Chief, Chief Editor, Deputy Chief Editor
Group –1: Editor, Chief Producer (T.V.), Chief of Divisional
Bureau.
Group – 2 : Chief News Editor, Commercial Editor, Economic
Editor, Science Editor, Feature Editor, Photo Editor
and any other Subject Specific Editors; Regional
Manager, Chief of State Bureau (Capital), Special,
Principal or Foreign Correspondent on selective
basis.
Group–3: Special Correspondent or Principal Correspondent,
Foreign Correspondent, News Editor, Chief Reporter,
Chief Photographer, Producer (TV), Manager Stock
Exchange Services, Manager News Exchange,
Special Correspondent (T.V.), Manager State Capital
Bureau and Chief Librarian.
Group – 4: Chief Sub-Editor or Deputy Chief Sub-Editor or
Senior Sub-Editor or Sub-Editor; Senior
Correspondent and Senior Librarian.
Group – 5: Senior Reporter or Reporter, Senior Photographer,
Assistant Producer-cum-Reporter (T.V.),
137
Correspondent, Photographer, T.V. Reporter and
Librarian.
Note:
(1) Any newspaper employee in news agency employed
with any designation different from those enumerated
in the schedules, but doing the same or similar nature
of job, of any group in the schedule, shall be deemed
to be a working journalist in that group.
(2) All categories of employees mentioned in the
schedule may or may not exist in every class of news
agency.
THE SCHEDULE – IV.B
(Functional definitions – Working Journalists)
Group – I A
1. ‘Editor-in-Chief’ or 'Chief Editor" means a person who
is in over all charge of a news agency.
2. ‘Deputy Chief Editor’ means a person who assists the chief
Editor in the discharge of his duties and acts for him during
his absence.
Group – I
3. ‘Editor’ means a person who directs and supervises the
work of the editorial side of the News Agency.
138
4. ‘Chief Producer (T.V.) means a person in overall charge of
the TV service of News Agency.
5. ‘Chief of Divisional Bureau’ means a person who is in
charge of the central news desk of the entire News Agency
and who supervise guides and direct news services in
metropolitan centres, i.e. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and
Chennai besides Bengaluru and Hyderabad.
Group – II
6. ‘Chief News Editor’ means a person who assists the
Deputy Chief Editor in the discharge of his duties and
coordinates news activities.
8. ‘Commercial Editor’ means a person who deals with news
and views bearing on commerce, finance, trade and
industry, and comments on them and allocates and
supervises the work of one or more reporters.
7. ‘Economic Editor’ means a person who is in charge of
bringing out the economic service of the news agency.
9. ‘Science Editor’ means a person who deals with
specialized news relating to science and technology, and is
in charge of bringing out the Science service of the news
agency.
10. ‘Feature Editor’ means a person who deals with features
and is in charge of bringing out the Features Service of the
news agency.
139
11. ‘Photo Editor’ means in charge of operating the photo
service of the news agency and coordination of the service.
12. ‘Regional Manager’ means a person who is in charge of
news and other services of the news agency in the
western/northern/eastern/southern regions of the
country.52
13. ‘Chief of State Bureau’ means a person who guides and
directs collection of news of all types in a State Capital.
14. ‘Special Correspondent’ on selective basis means a Special
Correspondent who is placed in a higher class on account
of discharge of duties of higher work-load and
responsibility.
Group – III
15. ‘Special Correspondent’ means a person who is accredited
to the Union Government and whose regular duties are to
report news of Parliamentary, Political or general
importance or a person in a metropolitan center who
specializes in covering news of economic importance or
national or international nature.
16. ‘Principal Correspondent’ means a correspondent in state
capitals accredited to State Governments.
17. ‘Foreign Correspondent’ means a person stationed abroad
for news coverage from the country or part of the country
to which he is assigned.
140
18. ‘News Editor’ means a person who is in charge of a news
dock or regional news at a metropolitan center and
supervises, directs and guides the different news services.
19. ‘Chief Reporter’ means a person in a metropolitan center
who is in charge of all reporters in that centre, and
reporters all news legislative, political or general
importance.
20. ‘Chief Photographer’ means a person who allocates and
supervises the work of photographers.
21. ‘Producer TV’ means a person in charge of respective
areas of programming (economy, current affairs, education,
and news).
22. ‘Manager of Stock Exchange Services’ means a person
who coordinates the Stock Exchange information and
stockscan service reports.
23. ‘Manager News Exchange’ means a person who
coordinates the news Agencies Exchange Programmes
with other Agencies.
24. ‘Special Correspondent (TV)’ means a person in charge of
reporting for news and current affairs and also presentation
as far as possible.
25. ‘Manager State Bureau Capital’ means a person who
guides and directs collection of news of all types in a State
Capital.
141
26. ‘Chief Librarian’ means a person who supervises the work
of Librarians engaged in preparation and maintenance of
records relating to news and views which are used as
background or fill out for News stories.53
Group – IV
27. ‘Chief Sub-Editor’ means a person in the metropolitan
center who regularly takes charge of a shift on the editorial
desk, assigns and supervises the work of Sub-Editors.
28. ‘Deputy Chief Sub-Editor or Senior Sub-Editor’ means a
person in the metropolitan center who is regularly assigned
to take charge of a shift other than the main shifts on the
editorial desk or whose regular duties includes preparation
of news dispatches for special subscribers.
29. Sub-Editor’ means a person who receives, selects,
shortens, summarizes, elaborates, translates, edits and
headlines news items of all descriptions and he may do
some or all the functions.
30. ‘Senior Correspondent’ means a person in the metropolitan
center whose regular duties are to report news of
Parliamentary, Political or general importance or a person
regularly assigned to cover news of economic and
commercial importance, Courts and national sports.
31. ‘Senior Librarian’ means a person who is engaged in
preparation and maintenance of records relating to news
and views which are used as background or fill out for
News stories.
142
Group – V
32. ‘Senior Reporter’ means a person whose regular duties
include reporting of State Government news or
proceedings of State Legislature.
33. ‘Reporter’ means a person who gathers and presents the
news of a particular center.
34. ‘Senior Photographer’ means a person who covers major
assignments of public interest and who is a person with
some experience and acts in the absence of chief
photographer.
35. ‘Assistant Producer-cum-Reporter’ means a person who
assists in production as well as helps in reporting events for
the T.V. service, including research and reporting.
36. ‘Correspondent’ means a person who gathers and
dispatches by wire, post or any other means, news from
any center.
37. ‘Photographer’ means a person who covers news events of
public interest through photographs.
38. ‘T.V. Reporter’ means a person who gathers and presents
news for television wing at a particular center.
39. ‘Librarian’ means a person who prepares and maintains
records relating to news and views which are used as
background or fill out for News stories.
143
SCHEDULE – V
(Grouping of Non-Journalist Employees– Administration
Staff in News Agencies Establishments)
Group IA:
Vice President, Senior General Manager or General Manager,
Chief of Administration, Financial Controller-cum-Secretary;
Group 1:
Chief Engineer; Manager (Personnel); Accounts Manager,
Manager (Promotion and Development), Manager (Technical
Coordination), Personnel Officer, Chief Accountant, Company
Secretary; Deputy Chief Internal Auditor
Group 2:
Regional Engineer, Regional Transmission Incharge,
Administrative Officer and equivalent post, Accounts Officer,
Internal Auditor and equivalent administrative posts, Video
Editor, Engineer (T.V.), Sound Recordist, Cameraman,
Electronic Engineer (R&D), Engineer, Cashier, Sr. Traffic
Supervisor, Sr. Commercial Supervisor.
Group 3:
Transmission Supervisor, Caretaker and other equivalent posts,
Production Assistant, Traffic Supervisor, Supervisor
(Accounts), Lighting Assistant, Commercial Supervisor.
Group 4:
Senior Commercial Assistant, Senior Operator, Senior
Technician, Assistant Stenographer, Junior Engineer, Sr.
Traffic Assistant, Sr. Assistant, Stenographer.
144
Group 5:
Clerk, Typist, Technician, Junior Operator, Skilled Workers,
Car Driver, Telephone Operator, Junior Traffic Assistant,
Junior Commercial Assistant, Junior Assistant (Accounts),
Junior Assistant
Group 6:
Attender, Machine Attender, Havaldar, Record Keeper,
Gestetner Operator, Peon, Sweeper, Chowkidar, Mali,
Messenger boy.
NOTE – (i) Any newspaper employee of news agencies
employed with any designation different from those enumerated
in the schedule, but doing the same or similar nature of job, of any
group in the schedule, shall be deemed to be a non-journalist in
that group.
(ii) All categories of employees mentioned in the schedule may or
may not exist in every class of news agency.
145
Table -I
Newspaper establishments ( Working Journalists)
Class of Newspaper
Establishments
<--- Scales of Pay for Group of Employees --->
Variable
Pay (% of
Basic
Pay)
1A 1 2 3 4 5
I
(Rs.60 crore and above)
� N
o S
cale
�
Rs.25000-
ARI (4%)-
54800
Rs.22000-
ARI (4%)-
48300
Rs.19000-
ARI (4%)-
41700
Rs.17000-ARI
(4%)-37300
Rs.15000-
ARI (4%)-
32900
35%
II
(Rs.30 crore and above but
less than Rs.60 crore)
Rs.22000-
ARI (4%)-
48300
Rs.22000-
ARI (4%)-
43900
Rs.18000-
ARI (4%)-
39500
Rs.16000-ARI
(4%)-35100
Rs.14000-
ARI (4%)-
30700
35%
III
(Rs.10 crore and above but
less than Rs.30 crore)
Rs.14000-
ARI (2.5%)-
23000
Rs.13000-
ARI (2.5%)-
21400
Rs.12000-
ARI (2.5%)-
19700
Rs.11000-ARI
(2.5%)-18100
Rs.10000-
ARI (2.5%)-
16400
20%
IV
(Less than Rs.10 crore)
Rs.12000-
ARI (2%)-
17900
Rs.11000-
ARI (2%)-
16400
Rs.10000-
ARI (2.5%)-
19700
Rs.9000-ARI
(2%)-13400
Rs.8000-
ARI (2%)-
11900
20%
Note : ”ARI” stands for Annual Rate of increment
146
Table -II
News Agency establishments
Non – Journalists (Administrative Staff) Class of
Newspaper
Establishments
<--- Scales of Pay for Group of Employees --->
Variable Pay
(% of Basic
Pay)
1A 1 2 3 4 5 6
I
(Rs.60 crore and
above)
� N
o S
cale
�
Rs.175000-
ARI (4%)-
38400
Rs.15000-
ARI (4%)-
32900
Rs.13000-
ARI (4%)-
28500
Rs.17200-
ARI (4%)-
26300
Rs.10000-
ARI (4%)-
22000
Rs.9000-
ARI (4%)-
198000
35%
II
(Rs.30 crore and
above but
less than Rs.60
crore)
Rs.16000-
ARI (4%)-
35100
Rs.14000-
ARI (4%)-
30700
Rs.12000-
ARI (4%)-
26300
Rs.11000-
ARI (4%)-
24100
Rs.9000-
ARI (4%)-
19800
Rs.8500-
ARI (4%)-
18700
35%
III
(Rs.10 crore and
above but
less than Rs.30
crore)
Rs.11000-
ARI (2.5%)-
18100
Rs.10000-
ARI
(2.5%)-
16400
Rs.9000-ARI
(2.5%)-
14800
Rs.8500-
ARI (2.5%)-
14000
Rs.75000-
ARI
(2.5%)-
12300
Rs.7000-
ARI (2.5%)-
11500
30%
IV
(Less than Rs.10
crore)
Rs.10000-
ARI (2.5%)-
16400
Rs.9000-
ARI
(2.5%)-
14800
Rs.8500-ARI
(2.5%)-
14000
Rs.8000-
ARI (2.5%)-
13200
Rs.7000-ARI (2.5%)-
11500
30%
Note : ”ARI” stands for Annual Rate of increment
147
Formula for calculating Dearness Allowance:
The formula for calculating Dearness Allowance
would be the percentage increase of all-India Average Consumer
Price Index for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) in preceding
12 months in question over the all-India Average Consumer Price
Index for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) at 167 for the year
July 2009 to June 2010 payable bi-annually with effect from 1st
July and 1st January every year, which would be then be
multiplied by the rate of neutralization and Basic Pay.
Mathematically, it can be put as follows:
All-India Annual Average CPI – IW
(Preceding 12 months in question)
Minus
All-India Annual Average
CPI – IW
(July 2009 to June 2010)
D.A. = ----------------------------- × Rate of Neutralization (1.0) × Basic Pay
All-India Annual
Average CPI – IW
(July 2009 to June 2010)
D.A. = Dearness Allowance
148
Table –III
Classification of Cities
AREA – “X”
Sl.
No.
City
1 Bengaluru (UA)
2 Chennai (UA)
3 Delhi and adjoining NCR areas of Faridabad,
Ghaziabad, Gurgaon, Noida
(UA)
4 Hyderabad / Secunderabad (UA)
5 Greater Mumbai / Navi Mumbai (UA)
6 Kolkata (UA)
7 Ahmedabad (UA)
8 Kanpur (UA)
9 Lucknow (UA)
10 Nagpur (UA)
149
AREA – “Y”
Sl.
No.
City
1 Agra (UA)
2 Ajmer
3 Aligarh
4 Allahabad (UA)
5 Amravati (UA)
6 Amritsar (UA)
7 Aurangabad
8 Bareilly
9 Bhavnagar
10 Bikaner
11 Bhopal
12 Bhubaneswar
13 Chandigarh (UA)
14 Coimbatore (UA)
15 Cuttack (UA)
16 Durgapur
17 Gorakpur
18 Guwahat
19 Guntur
20 Gwalior
21 Indore
22 Hubli-Dharwar
23 Jabalpur
24 Jairpur
25 Jalandhar (UA)
26 Jamshedpur (UA)
150
27 Jodhpur
28 Kochi (UA)
29 Kolhapur (UA)
30 Kozhikode (UA)
31 Kota
32 Ludhiana
33 Madurai (UA)
34 Meerut (UA)
35 Moradabad (UA)
36 Mysore (UA)
37 Nasik (UA)
38 Pune (UA)
39 Patna (UA)
40 Raipur (UA)
41 Rajkot
42 Ranchi (UA)
43 Solapur (UA)
44 Srinagar (UA)
45 Surat (UA)
46 Thiruvanantapuram (UA)
47 Vadodara (UA)
48 Varanasi (UA)
49 Vijayawada (UA)
50 Vishakhapatnam (UA)
51 Warangal
52 Mangalore (UA)
53 Nagpur (UA)
54 Puducherry (UA)
151
55 Salem (UA)
56 Tiruppu (UA)
57 Tiruchirappali (UA)
58 Asansol (UA)
59 Belgaum (UA)
60 Bhiwandi (UA)
61 Dhanbad (UA)
62 Dehradun (UA)
63 Durg Bhilai
64 Jammu (UA)
65 Jalandhar (UA)
66 Jalandhar Cantonment
67 Jamnagar (UA)
68 Kanpur (UA)
69 Durg-Bhilai Nagar (UA)
Note : U.A. stands for Urban Agglomeration
152
Manisana Wage Board Award*:-
Pay Scale for Journalists and modified by Government through
Notification dated 15-12-2000
Class of Establishment Group of
Employees Scales Years
Rs. 600 crore and above
IB
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 10540-580-14600-805-20235-910-25695
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 9690-535-13435-740-18615-840-23655
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 8945-490-12375-680-17135-940-22775
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7115-390-9845-540-13625-750-18125
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6440-355-8925-490-12355-680-16435
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5765-315-7970-440-11050-610-14710
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4995-275-6920-380-9580-525-12730
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rs. 225 crore and above
but less than Rs.600
crore
IA
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 10210-460-13430-605-17665-620-21385
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 9400-425-12375-555-16260-570-19680
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 8685-390-11415-515-15020-675-19070
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6905-310-9075-410-11945-540-15185
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6250-280-8210-370-10800-485-13710
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5610-250-7360-330-9670-435-12280
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4860-220-6400-290-8430-380-10710
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Note : Some of the increment rates for the last six years are lower
that the rates for the previous seven years in some cases in the
table below. This may be an aromaly.
* Notification, Govt. of India, 15-12-2000.
153
Class of Establishment Group of
Employees Scales Years
Rs. 75 crore and above but
less than Rs. 225 crore
I
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 9630-435-12675-570-16665-585-20175
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 8795-395-11560-520-15200-530-18380
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 8125-365-10680-480-14040-630-17820
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6425-290-8455-380-11115-500-14115
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5905-265-7760-350-10210-460-12970
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5315-240-6995-315-9200-415-11690
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4530-205-5965-270-7855-355-9985
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rs. 25 crore and above but
less than Rs. 75 crore
II
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 9335-325-11610-405-14445-360-16605
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 8415-295-10480-365-13035-325-14985
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7760-270-9650-340-12030-300-13830
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6085-215-7590-265-9445-330-11425
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5695-200-7095-250-8845-310-10705
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5015-175-6240-220-7780-270-9400
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4350-150-5400-190-6730-235-8140
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
154
Rs. 11 crore and above but
less than Rs. 25 crore
III
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
Not Scale
Rs. 8965-315-11170-390-13900-350-16000
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7940-280-9900-345-12315-310-14175
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7465-260-9285-325-11560-290-13300
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5885-205-7320-255-9105-320-11025
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5535-195-6900-240-8580-300-10380
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4755-165-5910-205-7345-255-8875
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4235-150-5285-185-6580-230-7960
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rs. 5.5 crore and above but
less than Rs. 11 crore
IV
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 8535-255-10320-260-12140-305-13970
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7315-220-8855-265-10710-270-12330
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6845-205-8280-250-10030-250-11530
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5470-165-6625-200-8025-240-9465
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5305-160-6425-195-7790-235-9200
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4395-130-5305-160-6425-195-7595
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4075-120-4915-145-5930-180-7010
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rs. 2.5 crore and above but
less
than Rs. 5.5 crore
V
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 7540-225-9115-230-10725-270-12345
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 7195-215-8700-220-10240-255-11770
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6555-195-7920-240-9600-240-11040
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5265-160-6385-190-7715-230-9095
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5050-150-6100-185-7395-220-8715
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4170-125-5045-150-6095-185-7205
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3935-120-4775-145-5790-175-6840
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
155
Rs. 1.25 crore and above but
less than Rs. 2.50 crore
VI
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 6285-155-7370-145-8385-170-9405
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 6070-150-7120-140-8100-160-9060
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5460-135-6405-160-7525-150-8425
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4865-120-5705-145-6720-170-7740
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4505-115-5310-135-6255-155-7185
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3795-95-4460-110-5230-130-6010
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3620-90-4250-105-4985-125-5735
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Rs. 60 lakhs and above but
less
than Rs. 1.25 crore
VII
1
1A
1B
2
2A
3
3A
4
No Scale
Rs. 5570-140-6550-130-7460-150-8360
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 5395-135-6340-160-7460-150-8360
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4995-125-5870-145-6885-140-7725
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 4295-105-5030-125-5905-150-6805
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3745-95-4410-110-5180-130-5960
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3665-90-4295-105-5030-125-5780
(7) (7) (6)
Rs. 3520-90-4150-105-4885-120-5605
(7) (7) (6)
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
156
Pay scales of nonworking journalists (Administrative staff)
Class of Group Scale(Rs.) Year
establish-
ment
Rs. 60 lakhs and above less than Rs. 1.25 crore
1 No Scale
2 4050-100-4750-120-5590-140-6430 20
(7) (7) (6)
2A 3960-100-4660-115-5465-135-6275 20
(7) (7) (6)
3 3730-95-4395-110-5165-130-5945 20
(7) (7) (6)
4 3620-90-4250-105-4985-125-5735 20
(7) (7) (6)
5 3380-85-3975-100-4675-115-5365 20
(7) (7) (6)
6 3135-80-3695-90-4325-110-110-4985 20
(7) (7) (6)
7 2905-75-3430-85-4025-100-4625 20
(7) (7) (6)
157
Class of Group Scale(Rs.) Year
establish-
ment
Rs. 30 lakhs and above less than Rs. 60lakh
1 No Scale
2 3915-100-4615-115-5420-135-6230 20
(7) (7) (6)
3 3715-5-4380-110-5150-130-5930 20
(7) (7) (6)
4 3560-90-4190-105-4925-125-5675 20
(7) (7) (6)
5 3110-80-3670-90-4300-110-4960 20
(7) (7) (6)
6 2740-70-3230-80—3790-95-4360 20
(7) (7) (6)
7 2440-60-2860-70-3350-85-3860 20
(7) (7) (6)
158
Class of Group Scale(Rs.) Year
establish-
ment
Rs. 60 lakhs and above less than Rs. 1.25 crore)
1 3750-95-4295-105-5030-125-5965 20
(7) (7) (6)
1A 3665-90-4295-105-5030-125-5780 20
(7) (7) (6)
2 3570-90-4200-105-4935-125-5685 20
(7) (7) (6)
3 3505-90-4135-105-4870-120-5590 20
(7) (7) (6)
4 3355-85-3950-100-4650-115-5340 20
(7) (7) (6)
5 3110-80-3670-90-4300-110-4960 20
(7) (7) (6)
6 2905-75-3430-85-4025-100-4625 20
(7) (7) (6)
7 2440-60-2860-70-3350-85-3860 20
(7) (7) (6)
159
Class of Group Scale(Rs.) Year
establish-
ment
Rs. 30 lakhs and above less than Rs. 60 lakh
1 3450-85-4045-100-4745-120-5465 20
(7) (7) (6)
1A 3285-80-3845-95-4510-115-5200 20
(7) (7) (6)
2 3135-80-3695-90-4325-110-49850 20
(7) (7) (6)
3 3010-75-3535-90-4165-105-4795 20
(7) (7) (6)
4 2860-70-3350-85-3945-100-4545 20
(7) (7) (6)
5 2615-65-3070-75-3595-90-4135 20
(7) (7) (6)
6 2440-60-2860-70-3350-85-3860 20
(7) (7) (6)
160
Fig.5.1 : Ownership of Newspapers in India
161
Fig.5.2 : Top 10 publications & distribution of news papers in
India 2012
162
Fig.5.3 : Top 10 Magazines – 2012
163
Fig.5.4 : Growth in advertising market of Indian Print Media
– 2009 A – 2017 P
164
Fig. 5.5 : Share of English, Hindi and Vernacular languages –
2008 & 2012
165
Fig.5.6 : Break-up of domestic and imported newsprint
consumption
166
Fig.5.7 : Revenue share of magazines in print media in
India -2012
167
Fig 5.8 : Print industry: advertisement v/s circulation
mix – 2007 to 2011
168
Fig. 5.9 : Global newsprint consumption
(million tonnes)
169
Fig. 5.10 : Rank of News Papers in India by Readership
